-
2017
年英语双学位
《美国文学史及选读》期末考试题型及复习要点
期末考试题型及分值：
1
．作家、作品配对题（
10*1
分
=
10
分）
2
．作品选读题（填空题、简答题
5*5
分
= 25
分）
3.
文学术语、文学人物解释题（
4
*5
分
=
20
分）
4.
论述题（
3*15
分
= 45
分）
?
认真阅读教材的中文版的《序言》
?
熟悉教材中以下复习要点中各位作家的选文
Benjamin Franklin:
?
Remember
Benjamin Franklin as inventor, statesman and
writer.
?
Remember him as ‘father of the United
States’.
?
Writing features
The
Autobiography
: It is the pattern of
Puritan simplicity, directness, and
concision. The narrative is lucid, the
structure is simple, the imagery is homely.
?
本杰明·富兰克林：
?
本杰明·富兰克林是发明家、政治家和作家。
?
他是“美国之父”。
?
写作特点
自传：这是清教徒的简单、直接和简洁的方式。叙事清晰，结
构简单，
意象朴实。
Edgar
Allan Poe
?
Remember Poe as father of modern short
story and father of detective story.
?
Remember his
important works.
?
Remember his critical works:
The Poetic Principle
and
The Philosophy of
Composition.
?
Be able to list some of his famous
short stories and some of his famous poems such as
The Raven
,
Annabel Lee
,
To
Helen.
?
Tell the story
The Cask of Amontillado
in
your own words.
What is the theme of
this short story?
Be familiar with his
poem
To Helen
.
埃德加爱伦坡
Poe
是现代短篇小说之父和侦探小说之父。
他的重要著作。
他的批评作品：诗歌原则和写作哲学。
能够列出一些他著名的短篇小说和一些著名的诗歌，如《乌鸦》、《
Annabel
Lee
》、
《海伦》等。
?讲述一桶白葡萄酒用你自己的话。
这个短篇小说的主题是什么？
对海伦熟悉他的诗。
Ralph
Waldo Emerson
?
Know
something
about
transcendentalism.
Remember
Emerson
as
the
leader
of
this
philosophy:
Transcendentalism
refers
to
a
kind
of
attitude
that
believes
in
the
recognition in man of
the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or of
attaining knowledge
transcending the
reach of the senses.
Major
concepts
1
1) Power of intuition.
2) Spirit first, matter
second.
3) Nature as
symbolic of spirit or God.
4)
Individual as the most important element in
society/ self-reliant
5)
Religion
as
an
emotional
communication
between
an
individual
soul
and
the
universal
“oversoul”
?
6) Commerce as degrading/ pay less
attention to the material world
?
The
“over
-
soul”
as
called
by
Emerson
was
an
all
-pervading
unitary
spiritual
power
of
goodness,
omnipresent
and
omnipotent,
from
which
all
things
came
and
of
which
everyone
was
a
part.
Generally,
the
over-soul
referred
to
spirit
of
God
as
the
most
important thing in the
universe.
?
Emerson’s
Nature
is called ‘manifesto of
transcendentalism’.
?
The
American
Scholar
(1837)
is
regarded
as
“America’s
Second
Declaration
of
Independence / Declaration of
Intellectual (Cultural)
Independence”
?
Be familiar with the essay
‘Self
-
reliance’.
?
拉尔夫瓦尔多爱默生
?
?知道一些关于超验主义。
记得爱默生作为这一哲学的领袖：
超验主义指的是一种态
度，相信人的直觉认识真理的能力的识别，或实现知识超越感官。主要概念
?
?
1
）直觉的力量。
?
2
）?精神第一，物质二。
?
?
3
）自然象征精神或上帝。
?
?
4
）个体在社会
/
自立的最重要的元素
?
?
5
）宗教作为一种情感交流个人灵魂和宇宙的“超灵”
?
6
）商务?降级
/
较少关注物质世界
?
?“结束”艾默生称作是一种无孔
不入的整体精神力量的善良的灵魂，无所不在，无
所不能，这一切来的都是一部分。一般
来说，过度的灵魂提到上帝的灵魂是宇宙中
最重要的东西。
?
?爱默生的自然是被称为“超验主义”宣言。
?
?美国学者（
1837
）被誉为“美国的第二次申报知识
/
独立宣言（文化）独立”
?
?熟悉文章“自力更生”。
Henry David Thoreau
?
Remember
Thoreau’
masterpiece.
?
Tell the main
contents of Walden in your own words.
?
亨利戴维梭罗
?
记得梭罗的杰作。
?
告诉瓦尔登湖的主要内容用自己的话。
Nathaniel Hawthorne
?
Introduce
The Scarlet Letter
in your
own words.
?
The
influence of Puritanism on
The Scarlet
Letter.
?
Analyze the main characters.
?
Tell the
symbolic meanings of the letter ‘A’.
?
List
Hawthorne’s m
ajor works.
?
纳撒尼尔霍桑
?
介绍红字用你自己的话。
2
?
?
?
?
?
?
清教对红字的影响。
?
分析主要人物。
?
告诉字母
A
的象征意义”。
?
霍桑主要作品列表。
Herman
Melville
?
Be
able to list Melville’s major works.
?
Be able to
retell the story of
Moby
Dick
in your own words.
?
Be able to
analyze the character Captain Ahab.
?
Be able to tell
the symbolic meanings of Moby Dick, the ship
Pequod and the coffin: the
White Whale
can be read as an allegorical representation of an
unknowable God or the
mysterious
force
of
nature;
the
Pequod
is
a
symbol
of
doom/death;
Queequeg's
coffin
alternately symbolizes life and death.
?
The influence of Puritanism on
Moby Dick.
?
赫尔曼梅尔维尔
?
可以列出
Melville
的主要作品。
?
能用自己的话复述
Moby
Dick
的故事。
?
能够分析人物
Ahab
船长。
?
能够告诉
Moby Dick
的象征意
义，船」和棺材：白鲸可以解读为一个不可知的上
帝或大自然的神秘力量的一种象征；」
是厄运和死亡的象征；
Queequeg
的灵柩交替
象征着生命和死亡。
?
清教思想对
Moby
Dick
的影响。
Walt
Whitman
?
Remember Whitman’s most important
work.
?
What
is
free
verse?
A
kind
of
poetry
that
does
not
conform
to
any
regular
metre:
the
length of its lines is
irregular, as is its use of
rhyme
—
if any. Instead of
regular metrical
pattern
it
uses
more
flexible
cadences
or
rhythmic
groupings,
sometimes
supported
by
anaphora and other devices of
repetition. Now the most widely practiced verse
form in
English,
it
has
precedents
in
translations
of
the
biblical
Psalms
and
in
some
poems
of
Blake and Goethe, but established
itself only in the late 19
th
and early 20
th
centuries
with
Walt Whitman.
Be familiar with the poem
O
Captain
,
My
Captain
and know its main idea.
沃尔特怀特曼
?记住怀特曼最重要的工作。
自由诗
是什么？一种不符合任何格律的诗：它的线条长度不规则，如用韵。而不是
常规的格律采
用更灵活的节奏或韵律的分组，以照应和重复其他设备有时支持。现
在是英语中使用最广
的诗歌形式，它在圣经圣歌和布莱克和歌德的一些诗歌中有先
例，但只有在第十九世纪末
和第二十世纪，沃尔特·惠特曼才建立起自己。
?
熟悉船长的诗，我的船长，知道它的主要思想。
Emily Dickinson
?
Be familiar with her three poems in the
textbook and their themes.
?
Know something about Dickinson’s poetic
features: A. Her poems have no titles, hence
the first line of each poem is always
quoted as the title of each poem.
?
B: particular
stress pattern: dash“—
”
?
C: Capital letters as a means of
emphasis;
3
?
?
?
?