-
介词的用法
一
.
p>
表示时间日期的介词
1
.
at<
/p>
:主要表示方向、场所、时间的某一点
at the corner of the
street
,
at
dinner
,
at sixty miles an
hour
,
be sold at three yuan a
dozen
,
come at us
固定搭配:
at one
time
,
at the beginning
of
,
at the post
office
,
at the
airport
,
at the
weekend
,
at the age of
25
,
at the same
time
,
at
present
,
at any time
,表示原因,表示
“
见
/
闻
……
而
”
。
at the news
at
主要表示时间点
表示特定的时间
at night a.m.
在九点钟
表示不确定的时间
at
night, at that time, at
Christmas
在圣
诞期间
当天
on
表示年龄段
at the age
of eight
在
8
岁
2
.
in<
/p>
:表示场所、时间与期限、状况、方向。主要用来表示较长的时间单位,如月份、季节、年
份等
in the 1990s in the late
19th century
形成
“in+
时段名词
”
的词组或固定搭配
in those days
,
in
the daytime
,
in a short
while
,
in no
time
,
in time
.in
主要表示时间段
一般指相对较长的时间段里
in
the morning, in spring, in the past ten years
在
…
时间之
后,用于将来时
He will be back in a
month.
介词
in
在短语或句型
中的省略:
1)
某些形容词
/
过去分词后接
v-ing
< br>形式时,
v-ing
形式前的介词
in
可以省略。
be busy
(in) doing be engaged (in) doing
(忙于
……
)
2)
某些动词如
busy
等,常与反身代词连用,其后的
in
也可以省略。
busy oneself (in) doing
3)
某些动词如
< br>spend
、
pass
、
waste
等与表示时间的名词连用,后面的介词也可以省略。
spend time (in) doing waste
time (in) doing
4)
在
have no difficulty in doing
sth.
、
have no trouble in
doing sth.
、
have no business
in doing
sth.
等句型中介
词也可以省略。
5)
在句型
There is no
use (in)doing sth.
中,介词也可省略。
固定搭配:
in the
world
,
in
(the)future
,
in the snow
/rain / storm
,
in
ink
,
in
short
,
in
public
,
in one’s
opinion
,
in modern
times
,
in
surprise
,
in a
queue
,
in the open air
3
.
on<
/p>
:主要表示在上面、根据或基础、有关或涉及的方面、表示某天。
固定搭配:
on doing
sth.
,
on the afternoon of
October
,
on Tuesday
evening
,
on
foot
,
hit sb. on the
head
,
on the right/
left
,
on
fire
,
on
duty
,
on
sale
,
on the
radio
,
on
show
,
on
earth
,
on one’s
own
注意:一般带有宗教色彩的节日名词前面用
at
,如圣诞节。
一般
的节日名词前用
on
。
on
主要指具体某一天
表示是具体的日期和星期
on Monday, on October
1
st
,1949. on my birthday
某一天特定的上午下午或半夜
on the night of December 31,1999. on a
fine day
在第几天
on her first day to school, on the
tenth day I was in Beijing.
4
.
by<
/p>
主要表示接近、时限、动作的执行者、方式。
固定搭配:
by the
village
,
by
oneself
,
by foot(=on
foot)
,
by
hand
,
learn … by
heart
,
二
.
表示地点,方位的介词
5
.
for
主要表示目的、原因、交换值以及时间和距离的长度。
固定搭配:
make sth. for
sb.
,
thank sb.
for sth.
,
for
example
,
for
sale
,
for
free
,
for
表示一段时间
表示一件事延续的长短
,
一般接具体的时间
I have lived
in Nanjing for 2 years.
6
.
of<
/p>
表示部分与全体的关系、所有关系、来源和所用的材料。
of
所有格表示的多种关系:
1
)
从属关系:
the wheel of the car
2
)
局部<
/p>
----
整体关系:
some of
the water
3
)
量化关系:
a cup of tea
4
)
描述关系:
a professor of
learning
(知识丰富的教授)
5
)
同位关系:
the city of
Beijing
6
)
动宾关系:
the study of the
map
(研究地图)
7
)
主谓关系:
the determination of
the workers
(工人们的决心)
固定搭配:
be fond
of
,
make fun
of
,
be tired
of
,
of one’s
own
,
instead
of
,
7
.
to
主要表示方向、程度、结果、关系和位置。
固定搭配
to one’s surprise / joy/
astonishment
,
to the east
of
,
key
to…
,
come up
to
,
add up
to
,
be open to the
public
,
thanks to
,
stick to
,
refer to
表示一段时间
在
…
期间内
,强调在此期间内发生了什么事
y
I studied in this university for 4
years, during that time most of my time was spent
in learning English.
可接表示时间延续一段时间的名词
during my visit to China, during my
holiday
与
to,
till
连用
Most people work from nine to five.
多数人过着朝九晚五的生活
,
since+
时间点
从那一刻起,与现在完成与过去完成时连用
He has been here since last
Sunday.
自从上星期天起,她就在这里
四、
容易错、常考的介词及搭配
1
.
be
made of
,
be made
from
,
be made
into
,
be made in
2
.
call on =
visit
,
call for = go and pick
up
3
.
on business
(出差)
/
strike
()罢工
/
duty
(值日)
/
holiday / fire / vacation /
watch
(警戒)
/
sale
(出售)
/
leave
(请假)
/
guard
(警戒)
4
.
have some trouble / difficulty (in)
doing sth.
,
have a habit /
idea / plan of doing sth.
5
.
A
is pleased to B
,
B is pleased
with A
(对
……
感到满意)
p>
7
.
with the help
of
,
under the leadership of
8
.
by
means of
(使用)
,
by
way of
(经由)
,
by
heart
(记住)
,
by the
way
9
.
out of question
(毫无疑问)
,
out of the
question
(毫不可能)
10
.
prevent / stop / keep sb. from doing
sth.
11
.
be thankful to sb. for sth.
12
.
steal sth. from
sb.
,
rob sb. of sth.
13
.
insist on doing
sth.
,
persist in doing
sth.
,
stick
to
,
go on doing sth.
14
.
set about doing
sth.
,
set out to do sth.
15
.
look sb. in the
face
,
hit sb. on the
face
,
lead the cow by the
nose
16
.
do a favour for sb. = do sb. a favour
五、
介词的惯用型
1
.
above
all
(首先)
,
after
all
,
at
all
(全然)
,
in all
2
.
day
after day
,
year after
year
,
one after
one
,
one after another
3
.
at
peace
(和平)
,
at
war
(战争)
,
at
times
(时常)
,
at
dinner
4
.
by oneself
,
by all
means
(尽一切办法、务必)
,
b
y chance
,
by
accident
,
by no
means
(决不、并没有)
,
by
means of
(用、依靠)
,
by the way
5
.
in
her teens
(十几岁)
,
in
pain
,
in
danger
,
in need
6
.
to
one’s joy / sorrow / surprise
7
.
with
care
(仔细地)
,
with
joy / pleasure
(高兴地)
,
< br>with one’s help
,
with the best wishes
(致以我们良好的
祝愿)
,
without difficulty
(毫不困难地)
,
without excepti
on
(毫不例
外)
,
< br>without delay
(立即、马上)
8
.
according
to
(依据)
,
along with
(和
……
一起)
,
as to
(至于
……
)
,
because
of
,
except for
(除
p>
……
之外)
,
in
stead of
(代替)
9
.
out
of order
(不正常)
,
out
of date
,
out of
trouble
(脱离困境)
,
out
of sight
,
out of
debt
(还清了债务)
,
out
of touch
(没有联系)
10
.
at
the bottom of
,
at the centre
of
,
at the end
of
,
at the top
of
,
at the cost o
f
(以
……
为代价)
< br>at the sight of
,
at the
thought of
,
at a speed of
11
.
in
memory of
(纪念)
,
in
favour of
(同意)
,
in
the habit of
(有
……
习
惯)
,
in touch with
(
与
……
保
持联系)
,
on the left
of
,
on the eve of
(
在
……
前夕)
12
.
from time to
time
(不时地)
,
from day to
day
(天天)
,
from hand to
hand
(一个传一个)
,
from
side
to
side
(左右地)
,
from
car to car
(一个车厢一个车厢地)
,
from bad to
worse
(越来越差)
,
from
beginning
to end
(
从头到尾)
,
from hand to mouth
(
仅能糊口)
,
fro
m head to foot
,
from start to
finish
,
from one to another <
/p>
六
.
掌握方式、手段、工具的表达方法<
/p>
1
)
in
+
文字、语言、材料名词
in
English (ink, pencil, capital letters) write in
pen,
用钢笔写
speak
in a low voice
小声说话
2
)
with
+
工具、机器;人体器官;情绪、情感、态度的名词
with a branch, with one’s nose, with
pride, with satisfaction,
with the help of, with one’s
permission
We
can see with our eyes and write with our hands.
I killed a fly
with a fly flap.
我用苍蝇拍打死了一只苍蝇
3
)
by
表示泛指的方式、手段
by
bus, by land, by means of
(用
…
…
方法)
, by way
of
(经由)
, by doing
sth.,
by
hand
(手工)
, by
post
(
由邮局传递)
, by
letter
(用写信的方式)
, by
electricity, by hard work, by the year,
by the hour
(
by +
the +
单位名词)
按
……
4
)
其它表示方式(情况、状况、手段)的表示法
through the radio / by radio / on the
radio, through / by / from practice,
by telephone (on the telephone), on
foot, on the train, in satisfaction, in surprise,
in silence, in a low voice, in
comfort,
in sorrow, in high / good / poor spirits,
in anger, in safety, in debt, in good
order, in good / poor health, in tears,
in use, in pain,
七、
注意:某些名词和介词的固定搭配
1
)
要求<
/p>
to
:
key, answer,
visit, apology, introduction
以
to
为中心构成短语的归纳
belong to, come
to
(苏醒)
, look forward to,
lead to, stick to, refer to, turn to, drink to
(为
……
干杯)
,
object
to
(反对)
,
reply to the letter, help oneself to, sing / dance
to the music
(和着
……
在
……
声中唱
/
跳)
, devote
oneself to
2
)
要求<
/p>
in
:
interest,
satisfaction
3
)以
f
or
为中心构成短语的归纳
ask
for, call for
(去接某人)
, care
for
(关心)
, go in
for
(从事)
, answer for
(对
……
负责)
, send
for, pay
for, praise sb.
for
(赞扬某人某事)
, head for
(向
……
方向移动)
,
search for, take … for
…
(误以为)
, leave
for, prepare for
(为
……
准备)
, thank sb. for, make
a dive for
(向
……
猛冲)
, make up for
(弥补
…
…
损失)
4
)以
on
为中心构成短语的归纳
come on
来吧
, call
on
拜访
, pass
on
传递
, carry
on
进行下去
, live on sth.
< br>靠
……
生活
, depend
on
依靠
, have
on
穿着
, have pity
on
同情
, look on … as …
< br>把
……
看作
, push
on
推动
, spy
on
窥探
, switch / turn
on
旋开
, wait
on
服侍
, walk
on
继续走
, spend…on …
在
……
上花费时间、金钱
,
operate on
给
……
动手术<
/p>
, take on a new
look
呈现新面貌
八、
某些形容词和介词的固定搭配
1
)
be
afraid of
担心
be
afraid for
替
……
而担心<
/p>
2
)
be angry about / at sth.
因
……
而生气
be
angry with sb.
对
……
某人发怒
3
)
be
anxious for sth.
渴望
be anxious about sth. /
sb.
担心
4
)
be
different from
与
……
不同
be indifferent to …
……
不关心
5
)
be
good at …
擅长
be
good for
…
对
……
有益
be good of sb. to do
sth.
友好
6
)
be
strict with sb.
对
……
严格
be strict in sth.
7
)
be
popular with sb.
受到
……
< br>欢迎
be popular in some
place
流行在
……be
popular for
因
……
而流行
8
)
be pleased with + n.
或
what
从句;
be pleased at
+
抽象名词
听、看到而高兴
9
)
be
disappointed at sth.
;
be
disappointed with sb.
对
……
失望
10
)
be
known to sb.
;
be known with
+ n.
或从句
;
be known for
因
……
而著名
11
)
be
absent from
缺席
12
)
be
devoted to …
献身于
……
13
)
be
open to
…
对
……
开放
14
)
be
poor / clever / expert at …
15
)
be
sorry for …
替
/
为
……
后悔
16
)
be
rich in … be interested in …
17
)
be
proud of (take pride in)
18
)
be
satisfied with / by … be sure of / about
…
19
)
be fond of, be fit for, be busy with
sth. (in doing sth.)
20
)
be
late for, be ready for
21
)
be
similar to …
;
be wrong with
…
九、吊尾介词
1
)
某些形
容词后接不及物动词或
“V+
介
”
p>
型短语动词的不定式形式表
“
反射
”
,常用吊尾介词。
A) fit, easy, hard, good, difficult,
comfortable,
heavy
等形容后,常用吊尾介词。
e.g. The girl is easy to get along
with.
B) be worth doing, be worthy of
being done, be worthy to be done, want / require /
need doing
表反射,
常用吊
尾介词。
e.g. The problem is
worth dealing with.
The book is worthy
of being referred to.
2
)
不及物
动词的不定式修饰表
“
涉及对象、场所、工具、手段、方式、材
料等
”
意义的名词时常带吊尾
介词。<
/p>
e.g. There is nothing for us
to worry about. a room to live in
3
)
定语从
句中,先行词被一个不及物动词所修饰,则不及物动词后要带介词,先行词被
“V+
p>
介
”
组成的
短语动
词所修饰,介词常在句尾。
e.g. He is the
very man I just spoke to. This is the life he is
used to.
4
)
以
what
,
whose
,
who
,
w
hatever
等引导的宾语从句、表语从句中常出现
“
吊尾介词
”
。
e.g. I don’t know what you do it
for.
5
)
强调句
型和特殊疑问句中由于被强调部分和疑问词位置变更,常出现吊尾介词。在上下文意义清楚
时,特殊疑问句常用省简结构。
e.g. It is
the poor boy that we gave the books to.
What
for?
(为什么?)
Where
to?
(去哪儿?)
Who
with?
(和谁去?)
6
)
被动语
态中
“V+
介
”
短语常用吊尾介词。
e.g. He was
listened to come here. He has never been spoken to
in this way.
十常用介词辨异
1
.
about, on, of
关于
on
多用于慎重的、正式的语言交际场合。常见于
“
学术上
”
的
“
论文
”
或
“
演说
”
等题目,可供专门研
究这一
问题的人阅读,有
“
论及
”
之意。
abou
t
表示的内容多为普遍、不那么正式,有
“
述及
”
之意。
< br>of
作
“
关于
< br>”
讲,表示提及、涉及某人(事)时,只表示事情存在或发生,并不涉及详情;有
时与
about
意义相近,但有时意义很不同,常与动词
know
、
hear
、
learn
(听说)
、
speak
、
talk
、<
/p>
think
、
tell
< br>等连用。
2.
at,
on, in(
表时间
) : at
表
示时间的一点;
in
表示一个时期;
o
n
表示特殊日子
A.
at
后常接几点几分,天明,中午,日出,日落,开始等。如:
at
five
o’clock
(五点)
,
at down
(黎明)
,
at daybreak
(天亮)
,
at sunrise
(日
出)
,
at noon
(中
午),
at sunset
(日落),
at midnight
(半夜),
at the beginning of the
month
(月初),
at that time
(那
时),
at that
moment
(那会儿),
at this time of
day
(在一天的这个时候)。
B. in
后常接年,月,日期,上午,下午,晚上,白天,季节,世纪等。如:
in 2006
(
< br>2006
年)
,
in
May
,
2004
(
2004
年五月)
,
in
the morning
(早晨
/
上
午)
,
in the afternoon
(下
午),
in the
evening
(晚上),
in the night
(夜晚),
in the daytime
(白天),
in the 21st century
(
21
世纪),
in
three days
(
weeks/month
)三天(周
/
个月),
i
n a week
(一周),
in spring
(春季)。
C. on
后跟某日,星期几,某日的朝夕,节日等
,
即具体某一天极其早
中
、晚
.
on Sunday
(
星
期
日
)
,
on a warm morning in April
(
四
月
的
一
个
温
暖
的
上
午
)
,
on
a December night
(
12
< br>月的一个夜晚),
on that afternoon
(那天下午),
on the following
night
(下一
个晚上),
on
Christmas afternoon
(圣诞节下午),
on October
1
,
1949
(
1949
年
10
月
1
日),
on New
Year
’
s Day.
(
特别提示
):
在
last, next, this, that,
some, every
等词之前一律不用介词
at, in
in
一般表示较大的地方
at
表示较小的地方
at home, at
school, at the bus stop, at the
doctor's
,
in a
country, in a town, in the street,
3.
between,
among(
表位置
) “
在
…..
之间
”
A.
between
仅用于二者之间
,但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时,也可用
between,
如
I’m
sitting
between Tom and Alice.
The
village lies between three hills.
B.
among
用于三者或三者以上之间。如:
He
is the best among the students.
4.
except, except for, except that, but,
besides, beside
except“
除
……
之外
”
,指不包括
……
,后面常接名词、代词(人称代词常用宾格)
,还可接介词短语、副
词和动词不定式,此时相当于
but
,但不定式常不带
to
。
except for“
除了,只有
”
,意思和
except
一样,主要指说明基本情况后,而在细节上加以修正,后面常接
名词性短语。
except tha
t“
除了,只是
”
,意思和
exc
ept
、
except for
一样。
但在用法上,主要指其后常接名词性从句,也
可接
when
p>
、
where
等词引导的其它从句。
but
所含
“
p>
除
……
外
”
的意思不如
except
明确。
but
多用在代词(主要是不定代词、否定代词和疑问代词)
之后。
besides
表示
“
除
……
外还
有
”
,所排除的事物常包括在所述范围之内。另外,
besides
可用作副词,相当于
also
p>
,有
“
而且,加之,何况
< br>”
之意。
beside
也是介词,表示
“
在附近
”
,只不过形似
besides
,
容易相互混淆。
【对比】如果在区别前后有同类的词语时,就
用
except
,否则就用
excep
t for
。
book has
no blunder except a few mistakes.
This
book is interesting except for a few
mistakes.
(前面无同类词语)
Every one of us, except him, went to
see the exhibition.
5. in
the tree, on the tree
in
the tree ,
指动物或人等外来的东西在树上,
on the tree
,
指果实或叶子等树本身长出来的东西
6. on the way, by the way, in this way
on the way
指在路上
, on
one
’
s way to .....
by the way
指顺便问一句
in this way
用这样的方法
, in that
way , in other way, in these ways
7. by
bus, on the bus
by bus
是一般说法
,
固定搭配
,
on the bus
特指乘某一辆车
8.
across, through, over
和
past
p>
“通过
,
经过”
across
从表面经过
,
如
,road, bridge, river
through
从内部空间经过
,
如
: city, woods, forests,
window, gate
past ,
从旁边经过
.
through
指
“
穿过
…
(
门洞
/
人群
/
树林
)
”
;
across
和
p>
over
可以指
“
跨越
…
(
街道
/
河流
)
”
,
可互换
,
但是表示
“
翻
过
…”
时只能用
over.
如:
Just
then a rat (
鼠
)ran across the
road.(
就在那时一只老鼠跑过路面
)/ There
is
a bridge across/over the
river.(
河上有座桥
)/ They climbed
over the mountain and arrived there ahead
of
time.(
他们翻过大山提前到达了那里
)/ The
visitors went through a big gate into another park
.(
参观者
们穿过一个大门来到另一个公园
)
8. on, above, over,
“
在…上”
, up,
A.
on
指在某物表面上
,
有接触点
a book on the table
B. over
指在某物垂直上方
,<
/p>
无接触点
,
也可指覆盖在某物上
,
与
under
相对
under
表示在
…
下方
I put the