中国合同法中英文对照

释】

对格式条款的理解发生争议的，

应当按照通 常理解予以解释。对格

式条款有两种以上解释的，应当作

出不利于提供格式条款一方的解

释。格式条款和非格式条款不一致< /p>

的，应当采用非格式条款。

第四十二条

【缔约过失】当

事人在订立合同过程中有下列情形

之一，给对 方造成损失的，应当承

担损害赔偿责任：

（一）假借订立合同，恶意进

行磋商；

（二）故意隐瞒与订立合同有

关的重要事实或者提供虚假情况；

（三）有其他违背诚实信用原

(3) performing other acts which violate the principle of good faith.

Article 43

A trade secret the parties learn in concluding a contract

shall not be disclosed or improperly used, no matter the contract is

established or not. If the party discloses or improperly uses such

trade secret and thus causing loss to the other party, it shall be

liable for damages.

Chapter 3 Validity of Contracts

则的行为。

第四十三条

【保密义务】当

事人在订立合同过程中知悉的商业

秘密，无论合同是否成立，不得泄

露或者不正当地使用。泄露或者不

正当地使用该商业秘密给对方造成

损失的，应当承担损害赔偿责任。

第三章

合同的效力

Article 44

The contract established according to law becomes

effective upon its establishment.

With regard to contracts that are subject to approval or

registration as stipulated by relevant laws or administrative

regulations, the provisions thereof shall be followed.

Article 45

The parties may agree on that the effectiveness of a

contract be subject to certain conditions. A contract whose

effectiveness is subject to certain conditions shall become

effective when such conditions are accomplished. The contract

with dissolving conditions shall become invalid when such

conditions are satisfied.

If a party improperly prevent the satisfaction of a condition for

its own interests, the condition shall be regarded as having been

accomplished. If a party improperly facilitates the satisfaction of a

condition, such condition shall be regarded as not to have been

satisfied.

Article 46

The parties may agree on a conditional time period as

to the effectiveness of the contract. A contract subject to an

effective time period shall come into force when the period

expires. A contract with termination time period shall become

invalid when the period expires.

Article 47

A contract concluded by a person with limited civil

capacity of conduct shall be effective after being ratified afterwards

by the person's statutory agent, but a pure profit-making contract

or a contract concluded which is appropriate to the person's age,

intelligence or mental health conditions need not be ratified by the

person's statutory agent.

The counterpart may urge the statutory agent to ratify the

第四十四条

【合同的生效】

依法成立的合同，自成立时生效。

法律、行政法规规定应当办理

批准、登记等手续生效的，依照其

规定。

第四十五条

【附条件的合同】

当事人对合同的效力可以约定附条

件。附生效条件的合同，自条件成< /p>

就时生效。附解除条件的合同，自

条件成就时失效。

当事人为自己的利益不正当地

阻止条 件成就的，

视为条件已成就；

不正当地促成条件成就的，视为条

件不成就。

第四十六条

【附期限的合同】

当事人对合同的效力可以约定附期

限。附生效期限的合同，自期限届

至时生效。附终止期限的合同，自< /p>

期限届满时失效。

第四十七条

【限制行为能力

人订立的合同】限制民事行为能力

人订立的合 同，经法定代理人追认

后，该合同有效，但纯获利益的合

同或者与其年龄、智力、精神健康

状况相适应而订立的合同，不必经

法定代理人追认。

相对人可以催告法定代理人在

contract within one month. It shall be regarded as a refusal of

ratification that the statutory agent does not make any expression.

A bona fide counterpart has the right to withdraw it before the

contract is withdrawal shall be made by means of

notice.

Article 48

A contract concluded by an actor who as no power of

agency, who oversteps the power of agency, or whose power of

agency has expired and yet concludes it on behalf of the

principal,shall have no legally binding force on the principal

without ratification by the principal, and the actor shall be held

liable.

The counterpart may urge the principal to ratify it within one

month. It shall be regarded as a refusal of ratification that the

principal does not make any expression. A bona fide counterpart

has the right to withdraw it before the contract is ratified. The

withdrawal shall be made by means of notice.

Article 49

If an actor has no power of agency, oversteps the

power of agency, or the power of agency has expired and yet

concludes a contract in the principal's name, and the counterpart

has reasons to trust that the actor has the power of agency, the act

of agency shall be effective.

Article 50

Where a statutory representative or a responsible

person of a legal person or other organization oversteps his/her

power and concludes a contract, the representative act shall be

effective except that the counterpart knows or ought to know that

he/she is overstepping his/her powers.

Article 51

Where a person having no right to disposal of property

disposes of other persons' properties,and the principal ratifies the

act afterwards or the person without power of disposal has

obtained the power after concluding a contract, the contract shall

be valid.

Article 52

A contract shall be null and void under any of the

following circumstances:

(1) a contract is concluded through the use of fraud or coercion by

one party to damage the interests of the State;

(2) malicious collusion is conducted to damage the interests of the

一个月内予以追认。法定 代理人未

作表示的，视为拒绝追认。合同被

追认之前，善意相对 人有撤销的权

利。撤销应当以通知的方式作出。

第四十八条

【无权代理人订

立的合同】行为人没有代理权、超

越代理权或者代理权终止后以被代

理人名义订立的合同，未经被代理

人追认，对被代理人不发生效力，

由行为人承担责任。

相对人可以催告被代理人在一

个月内 予以追认。被代理人未作表

示的，视为拒绝追认。合同被追认

之 前，善意相对人有撤销的权利。

撤销应当以通知的方式作出。

第四十九条

【表见代理】行

为人没有代理权、超越代理权或者

代理权终止后以被代理人名义订立

合同，相对人有理由相信行为人有

代理权的，该代理行为有效。

第五十条

【法定代表人越权

行为】法人或者其他组织的法定代

表人、

负责人 超越权限订立的合同，

除相对人知道或者应当知道其超越

权限的 以外，该代表行为有效。

第五十一条

【无处分权人订

立的合同】无处分权的人处分他人

财产，经权利人追认或者无处分权

的人订立合同后取得处分权的，该

合同有效。

第五十二条

【合同无效的法

定情形】有下列情形之一的，合同

无效：

（一）一方以欺诈、胁迫的手

段订立合同，损害国家利益；

（二）恶意串通，损害国家、

集体或 者第三人利益；

State, a collective or a third party;

(3) an illegitimate purpose is concealed under the guise of

legitimate acts;

(4) damaging the public interests;

(5) violating the compulsory provisions of laws and administrative

regulations.

Article 53

The following exception clauses in a contract shall be

null and void:

(1) those that cause personal injury to the other party;

(2) those that cause property damages to the other party as result

of deliberate intent or gross negligence.

Article 54

A party shall have the right to request the people's court

or an arbitration institution to modify or revoke the following

contracts:

(1) those concluded as a result of significant misconception;

(2) those that are obviously unfair at the time when concluding the

contract.

If a contract is concluded by one party against the other

party's true intentions through the use of fraud, coercion, or

exploitation of the other party's unfavorable position, the injured

party shall have the right to request the people's court or an

arbitration institution to modify or revoke it.

Where a party requests for modification, the people's court or

the arbitration institution may not revoke the contract.

Article 55

The right to revoke a contract shall extinguish under

any of the following circumstances:

(1) a party having the right to revoke the contract fails to exercise

the right within one year from the day that it knows or ought to

know the revoking causes;

(2) a party having the right to revoke the contract explicitly

（三）以合法形式掩盖非法目

的；

（四）损害社会公共利益；

（五）违反法律、行政法规的

强制性 规定。

第五十三条

【合同免责条款

的无效】合同中的下列免责条款无

效：

（一）造成对方人身伤害的；

（二）因故意或者重大过失造

成对方 财产损失的。

第五十四条

【可撤销合同】

下列合同，当事人一方有权请求人

民法院或者仲裁机构变更或者撤

销：

（一）因重大误解订立的；

（二）在订立合同时显失公平

的。

一方以欺诈、胁迫的手段或者

乘人之危，使对方在违背真实意思

的情况下订立的合同，受损害方有

权请求人民法院或者仲裁机构变更

或者撤销。

< br>

当事人请求变更的，人民 法院

或者仲裁机构不得撤销。

第五十五条

【撤销权的消灭】

有下列情形之一的，撤销权消灭：

（一）具有撤销权的当事人自

知道或者应当知道撤销事由之日起

一年内没有行使撤销权；

（二）具有撤销 权的当事人知

道撤销事由后明确表示或者以自己

的行为放弃撤销 权。

expresses or conducts an act to waive the right after it knows the

revoking causes.

Article 56

A contract that is null and void or revoked shall have no

legally binding force ever from the very beginning. If part of a

contract is null and void without affecting the validity of the other

第五十六条

【合同自始无效

与部分有效】无效的合同或者被撤

销的合同自始没有法律约束力。合

parts, the other parts shall still be valid.

Article 57

If a contract is null and void, revoked or terminated, it

shall not affect the validity of the dispute settlement clause which

is independently existing in the contract.

Article 58

The property acquired as a result of a contract shall be

returned after the contract is confirmed to be null and void or has

been revoked; where the property can not be returned or the

return is unnecessary, it shall be reimbursed at its estimated price.

The party at fault shall compensate the other party for losses

incurred as a result therefrom. If both parties are fault,each party

shall respectively be liable.

Article 59

If the parties have maliciously conducted collusion to

damage the interests of the State, a collective or a third party, the

property thus acquired shall be turned over to the State or returned

to the collective or the third party.

Chapter 4 Performance of Contracts

Article 60

Each party shall fully perform its own obligations as

agreed upon.

The parties shall abide by the principle of good faith, and

perform obligations of notification, assistance, and confidentiality,

etc. in accordance with the nature and purpose of the contract and

the transaction practice.

Article 61

Where, after the contract becomes effective, there is no

agreement in the contract between the parties on such contents as

quality, price or remuneration, or place of performance etc., or

such agreement is ambiguous, the parties may agree upon

supplementary terms through consultation;if a supplementary

agreement cannot be reached, such terms shall be determined in

accordance with the relevant provisions of the contract or the

transaction practices.

同部分无效 ，不影响其他部分效力

的，其他部分仍然有效。

第五十七条

【合同解决争议

条款的效力】合同无效、被撤销或

者终止的， 不影响合同中独立存在

的有关解决争议方法的条款的效

力。

第五十八条

【合同无效或被

撤销的法律后果】合同无效或者被

撤销后，因该合同取得的财产，应

当予以返还；不能返还或者没有必

要返还 的，应当折价补偿。有过错

的一方应当赔偿对方因此所受到的

损 失，双方都有过错的，应当各自

承担相应的责任。

第五十九条

【恶意串通获取

财产的返还】当事人恶意串通，损

害国家、集 体或者第三人利益的，

因此取得的财产收归国家所有或者

返还集 体、第三人。

第四章

合同的履行

第六十条

【严格履行与诚实

信用】当事人应当按照约定全面履

行自己的义 务。

当事人应当遵循诚实信用原

则，根据合同的性质、目的和交易< /p>

习惯履行通知、协助、保密等义务。

第六十一条

【合同约定不明

的补救】合同生效后，当事人就质

量、价款或者报酬、履行地点等内

容没有约定或者约定不明确的，可

以协议 补充；

不能达成补充协议的，

按照合同有关条款或者交易习惯确

定。

Article 62

Where certain contents agreed upon by the parties in

the contract are ambiguous and cannot be determined in

accordance with the provisions in Article 61 of this Law, the

following provisions shall be applied:

(1) if quality requirement is not clear, performance shall be in

accordance with the state standard or industry standard; absent

any state or industry standard, performance shall be in

accordance with the customary standard or any particular

standard consistent with the purpose of the contract;

(2) if price or remuneration is not clear, performance shall be in

accordance with the prevailing market price at the place of

performance at the time the contract was concluded, and if

adoption of a price commissioned by the government or based on

government issued pricing guidelines is required by law, such

requirement applies;

(3) where the place of performance is not clear, if the obligation is

payment of money,performance shall be at the place where the

payee is located; if the obligation is delivery of immovable

property, performance shall be at the place where the immovable

property is located;for any other subject matter, performance shall

be effected at the place of location of the party fulfilling the

obligations.

(4) if the time of performance is not clear, the obligor may perform,

and the obligee may require performance, at any time, provided

that the other party shall be given the time required for

preparation;

(5) if the method of performance is not clear, performance shall be

rendered in a manner which is conducive to realizing the purpose

of the contract;

(6) if the responsibility for the expenses of performance is not

clear, the party fulfilling the obligations shall bear the expenses.

Article 63

Where the government-fixed price or

government-directed price is followed in a contract, if the said

price is readjusted within the time limit for delivery as stipulated in

the contract,the payment shall be calculated according to the price

at the time of delivery. Where a party delays in delivering the

第六十二条

【合同约定不明

时的履行】当事人就有关合同内容

约定不明确，依照本法第六十一条

的规定仍不能确定的，适用下列规

定：

（一）质量要求不明确的，按

照国家标准、行业标准履行；没有

国家标准、行业标准的，按照通常

标准或者符合合同目的的特定标准

履行。

（二）价款或者报酬不明确的 ，

按照订立合同时履行地的市场价格

履行；依法应当执行政府定 价或者

政府指导价的，按照规定履行。

（三）履行地点不明确，给付

货币的，在接受货币一方所在地履

行；交付不动产的，在不动产所在

地履行；其他标的，在履行义务一

方所在地履行。

（四）履行期限不明 确的，债

务人可以随时履行，债权人也可以

随时要求履行，但应 当给对方必要

的准备时间。

（五）履行方式不明确的，按

照有利 于实现合同目的的方式履

行。

（六）履行费用的负担不明确

的，由 履行义务一方负担。

第六十三条

【交付期限与价

格执行】执行政府定价或者政府指

导价的，在合同约定的交付期限内

政府价格调整时，按照交付时的价

格计价。逾期交付标的物的，遇价

subject matter, the original price shall be adopted if the price

rises;and the new price shall be adopted if the price falls. Where a

party delays in taking delivery of the subject matter or making

payment, the new price shall be adopted if the price rises, and the

original price shall be adopted if the price falls.

Article 64

Where the parties agree that the obligor shall perform

the obligations to a third party, and the obligor fails to perform its

obligations to such third party or its performance of the obligations

格上涨时，按照原价格执行；价格

下 降时，按照新价格执行。逾期提

取标的物或者逾期付款的，遇价格

上涨时，按照新价格执行；价格下

降时，按照原价格执行。

第六十四条

【向第三人履行

合同】当事人约定由债务人向第三

人履行债务的，债务人未向第三人

is not in conformity with the agreement, the obligor shall be liable

to the obligee for breach of contract.

Article 65

Where the parties agree that a third party performs the

obligations to the obligee, and the third party fails to perform the

obligations or the performance is not in conformity with the

agreement, the obligor shall be liable to the obligee for breach of

contract.

Article 66

Where both parties have obligations toward one

another and there is no order of priority in respect of the

performance of obligations, the parties shall perform the

obligations simultaneously. Each party has the right to reject any

demand by the other party for performance prior to the

performance by the other party. If the performance of the

obligations of the party who is to perform first is not in conformity

with the agreement, the party who is perform later has the right to

reject the other party's demand for corresponding performance.

Article 67

Where both parties have obligations toward each other

and there is an order of priority in respect of the performance, and

the party who is to perform first fails to perform, the party who is to

perform later has the right to reject the other party's demand for

performance. If the performance of the obligations of the party who

is to perform first is not in conformity with the

agreement, the party who is to perform later has the right to reject

the other party's demand for corresponding performance.

Article 68

The party required to perform first may suspend its

performance if it has conclusive evidence showing that the other

party is under any of the following circumstances:

(1) its business has seriously deteriorated;

(2) it has engaged in transfer of assets or withdrawal of funds for

履行债务或者履行债务不符合约

定 ，应当向债权人承担违约责任。

第六十五条

【第三人不履行

合同的责任承担】当事人约定由第

三人向债权 人履行债务，第三人不

履行债务或者履行债务不符合约

定，债务 人应当向债权人承担违约

责任。

第六十六条

【同时履行抗辩

权】当事人互负债务，没有先后履

行顺序的， 应当同时履行。一方在

对方履行之前有权拒绝其履行要

求。一方在对方履行债务不符合约

定时，

有权 拒绝其相应的履行要求。

第六十七条

【先履行义务】

当事人互负债务，

有先后履行顺序，

先履行一方 未履行的，后履行一方

有权拒绝其履行要求。先履行一方

履行债务不符合约定的，后履行一

方有权拒绝其相应的履行要求。< /p>

第六十八条

【不安抗辩权】

应当先履行债务的当事人，有确切

证据证明对方有下列情形之一的，

可以中止履行：

（一）经营状况严重恶化；

（二）转移财产、抽逃资金，

以逃避 债务；

the purpose of evading debts;

(3) it has lost its business creditworthiness;

(4) it is in any other circumstance which will or may cause it to lose

its ability to perform.

Where a party suspends performance without conclusive

evidence, it shall be liable for breach of contract.

Article 69

If a party suspends its performance in accordance with

the provisions of Article 68 of this Law, it shall timely notify the

other party. If the other party provides appropriate assurance for

its performance, the party shall resume performance. After

performance was suspended, if the

other party fails to regain its ability to perform and fails to provide

appropriate assurance within a reasonable time, the suspending

party may terminate the contract.

Article 70

Where the obligee fails to notify the obligor of its

separation, merger, or change of the domicile, thereby making it

difficult for the obligor to perform its obligations, the obligor may

suspend its performance or escrow the subject matter.

Article 71

The obligee may reject the obligor's advance

performance of its obligations, except that the advance

performance does not harm the obligee's interests.

Any additional expense incurred by the obligee due to the

obligor's advance performance of its obligations shall be borne by

the obligor.

Article 72

An obligee may reject the obligor's partial performance,

except that the partial performance of its obligations does not

harm the obligee's interests.

Any additional expense incurred by the obligee due to the

obligor's partial performance of its obligations shall be borne by

the obligor.

Article 73

Where the obligor is remiss in exercising its due

creditor's right, thereby harming the obligee's interests, the obligee

may petition the People's Court for subrogation in its own

（三）丧失商业信誉；

（四）有丧失或者可能丧失履

行债务 能力的其他情形。

当事人没有确切证据中止履行

的，应当承担违约责任。

第六十九条

【不安抗辩权的

行使】当事人依照本法第六十八条

的规定中止履行的，应当及时通知

对方。对方提供适当担保时，应当

恢复履行。中止履行后，对方在合

理期限内未恢复履行能力并且未提

供适当担保的，中止履行的一 方可

以解除合同。

第七十条

【因债权人原因致

债务履行困难的处理】

债权人分立、

合并或者变更住所没有通知债务

人，致使履行债务发生困难的，债

务人可以中止履行或者将标的物提

存。

第七十一条

【债务的提前履

行】债权人可以拒绝债务人提前履

行债务，但提前履行不损害债权人

利益的除外。

债务人提前履行债务给债权人

增加的费用，由债务人负担。

第七十二条

【债务的部分履

行】债权人可以拒绝债务人部分履

行债务，但部分履行不损害债权人

利益的除外。

债务人部分履行债务给债权人

增加的费用，由债务人负担。

第七十三条

【债权人的代位

权】

因债务人怠于行使其到期债权，

对债权人造 成损害的，债权人可以

name,except that the creditor's right exclusively belongs to the

obligor.

The extent to which the subrogation rights can be exercised is

limited to the obligee's rights. The expenses necessary for the

obligee to exercise such subrogation rights shall be borne by the

obligor.

Article 74

Where the obligor waives its creditor's right against a

third party that is due or assigns its property without reward,

thereby harming the obligee's interests, the obligee may petition

the People's Court for cancellation of the obligor's act. Where the

obligor assigns its property

at a low price which is manifestly unreasonable, thereby harming

the obligee's interests, and the assignee is aware of the situation,

the obligee may also petition the People's Court for cancellation of

the obligor's act.

The extent to which the right to cancel can be exercised is

limited to the rights of the obligee. The expenses necessary for the

obligee to exercise the right to cancel shall be borne by the

obligor.

Article 75

The right to cancel shall be exercised within one year

form the date the obligee knows or should have known of the

matter for cancellation. Such right to cancel shall lapse if the

obligee fails to exercise such rights within five years from the date

of the occurrence of such act.

Article 76

Once a contract becomes effective, a party may not

refuse to perform its obligations thereunder due to a change in its

name, or its legal representative, the person in charge, or the

person handling the contract.

Chapter 5 Modification and Assignment of Contracts

Article 77

A contract may be modified if the parties reach a

consensus through consultation.

If the laws or administrative regulations so provide, approval

and registration procedures for such modification shall be gone

through in accordance with such provisions.

Article 78

Where an agreement by the parties on the contents of a

向人民法院请求以自己的名义代位

行使债务人的债权，但该债权专属

于债务人自身的除外。

代位权的行使范围以债权人 的

债权为限。债权人行使代位权的必

要费用，由债务人负担。< /p>

第七十四条

【债权人的撤销