关键词不能为空

当前您在: 主页 > 英语 >

英语语义学 Semantics

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-16 22:27
tags:

-

2021年2月16日发(作者:indifferent)


Semantics



Semantics



?



Semantics


is


the


study


of


the


meaning


of


linguistic


units,


words


and


sentences


in


particular.



?



Semantics = Theory of Meaning


?



Its goal is to reveal how language are matched with their proper meanings by the speakers


of that language.


?



Lexical semantics



the study of word meanings. it



deals not only with the meanings of


individual words but also the relationship between the meanings of different words.



?



Compositional


semantics



is


concerned


exclusively


with


the


meanings


of


phrases


and


sentences.




History of Semantics



?



1893 -


French linguist Breal coined ―semantique‖.



?



1897



Breal first use it as the science of meaning.


?



1900



Its English version came out.


?



1980s



semantics began to be introduced into China.



?



One of the most famous books on semantics is


The Meaning of Meaning




(1923).


Semantic Triangle


语义三角



Concept

< p>


meaning






















































refers to













symbolizes






Symbol



















































Thing



word
















































referent






































stands for




The Referential Theory



指称论



?



Concept (Meaning): the


mental image


, the


abstraction


or


generalization


of objects of


the same kind.



?



Referent


(Thing):


the


physical


entity



or


actual


object,


event,


idea



or


whatever


if


denoted by a word, phrase or expression.



?



Concept VS. Referent (Thing)


?



A referent may exist in the physical world.


?



The concept is abstracted from the referent and labeled by a word.


Sense



语义



?



Sense is the inherent meaning of the linguistic form independent of situational context.


It’s abstract and de


-contextualized.


Sense Relations



Sense relations between words





Words are in different sense relations with each other.





There are generally 5 kinds of sense relations:






1) synonymy




同义






2) antonymy




反义






3) hyponymy



上下义






4) polysemy




一词多义






5) homonymy


同音同形异义




1. Synonymy



?



It is the sameness or close similarity of meaning.


?



Words that are close in meaning are called synonyms.



Definition



BrE



AmE



the area next to a street where pedestrians walk



place from where goods are bought



payment in a restaurant





Formal



gentleman



Pass away



Common



man



die



pavement



shop



bill



sidewalk



store



check



Casual



chap



Pop off



2. Antonymy



?



It is the oppositeness of meaning.



?



Words that are opposite in meaning are antonyms.



?



Oppositeness can be found on different dimensions:


?



Gradable antonymy



?



Complementary antonymy



?



Converse antonymy (relational opposites)


Gradable antonymy


分级反义词



?



good/ bad,



long /short, narrow/ wide


?



The members of a pair differ in


terms of degree


. The denial of one is not necessarily the


assertion of the other. There are often


intermediate forms


between them.


?



Not good




bad


?



Hot ---warm--- cool---cold


Complementary antonymy


互补反义词


-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



本文更新与2021-02-16 22:27,由作者提供,不代表本网站立场,转载请注明出处:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao/660183.html

英语语义学 Semantics的相关文章