儿科英文名解

儿科英文名解

1

．

Classification of Neonate

（新生儿分类）

1)

Full term infant

（足月儿）

:Neonate whose gestational age(GA) is between 37 weeks and

42 weeks

2)

Preterm infant(

早产儿

):Neonate whose GA

is less than 37 weeks

3)

Post-term infant

（过期儿）

:Neonate whose GA

is more than 42 weeks

4)

Low birth weight neonate(LBW)

（

低出生体重儿）< /p>

:Neonate whose BW is less than 2500g

5)

V

ery low birth weight neonate(VLBW)

（极低出生体重儿）

: Neonate whose BW is less

than 1500g

6)

Normal birth weight neonate

（正常体重儿）

: Neonate whose BW is between 2500g and

4000g

7)

Macrosomia neonate

（巨大儿）

: Neonate whose BW is over 4000g

8)

Small for gestational age(SGA)

（小于胎龄儿）

:Infants whose BW are under P10 of the

same GA

infants

’

BW

9)

Appropriate gestational age(AGA)

（适于体重儿）

: Infants whose BW are ranging from

P10 to P90 of the same GA

infants

’

BW

10)

Large gestational age(LGA)

（

大于胎龄儿）

: Infants whose BW are above P90 of the same

GA

infants

’

BW

11)

Early newbore

（早期新生儿）

:Neoborn less than 1 week

12)

Late newbore

（晚期新生儿）

:Neoborn aging from 2 weeks to 4 weeks

l temperature

（

中性温 度）

:An appropriate environmental temperature

which can keep a neoborn

’

s normal temperature and can keep the least oygen cousuming,the least

metabolism rate ,the least energy evaporated, so is called neutral temperature .

3.

Apnea

（呼吸暂停）

:

when

asphyxia

of fetal

or

neoborn

occurs,

the respirate

4. Physiological body weight decline

（生理性体重下降）

: Intate

inhabitated and reflexal heart rate decreased because of lack of oxygen ,so is called apnea.

deficiency, fatal stool paused and

water losed after birth can make physical body weight decline

(3%--9%), and it reaches its lowest point in3 or 4 day and returns to its birth weight in 7 to 10

days .

5. Physiological anemia

（生理性贫血）

: When neonate of 2

—

3 months,

6. Physiological diarrhea

（生理性腹泻）

: Physiological diarrhea usually

RBC drops to 110g/L, neonate occurs mild anemia .It will take 3 months to recover .

occurs

in

infants

little

than

6

months

.They

appear

puffy

and

often

have

eczema .Soon

after

delivery

,

they

may

have

diarrhea,

whose

times

are

increasing

.However,

there

is

no

other

symptoms

and

the

infants

have

good

appetites.

Physical

diarrhea

does

not

affect

the

growth.

Recent researches found that the diarrhea is a particular type of intolerance of lactose. The stool

may recover normality after appending the complements.

7. Project Immunity

（计划免疫）

: According to characteristics of children

’

s

immunity and the conditions of communicable diseases ,people had drawn up a kind of immunity

programs, namely project immunity. People inoculate some organico-product in order to progress

the level of immunity , control and eliminate the communicable diseases.

s Pne umonia

（

重症肺炎）

:Seri ous Pneumonia is a kind of pneumonia.

Respiratory system together with other systems are invaded,meanwhile,the general toxic symptom

is also apparent.

Division

of

Respiratory

tract

（上下呼吸道分界）

:

The

respiratory

tract

is

divided

into

2

parts,the

upper

respiratory

and

the

lower

respiratory,

by

the

ring-formed gristle.

pant Cyanosis

（

差异性紫绀）

: Discrepant Cyanosis occurs in PDA.

Because

of PDA,

the

blood

moves

from

the

aorta

to

the

pulmonary

artery.

If

this

abnormality

lasted so long that the pressure of pulmonary is higher than the aorta, there will lead to right-to-left

shunts and appear cyanosis in the second half of the body.

rum

（初乳）

: Colostrum is the first milk produced by the dam which contains

antibodies (immunoglobulins) which provide crias with immunity (passive immunity). There is no

transfer of immunoglobulins across the placenta and neonatal crias are not capable of producing

their own antibodies. They must rely on their passive immunity for the first few weeks of life. This

makes colostrum essential to the health of any cria. A

cria who does not receive enough.

12. Eisenmenger syndrome

（

Eisenmenger

综合征）

: Eisenmenger

syndrome

occurs

in

patients

with

large

congenital

cardiac

or

surgically

created

extracardiac

left-to-right

shunts.

These

shunts

initially

cause

increased

pulmonary

blood

flow.

Subsequently,

usually

before

puberty,

pulmonary

vascular

disease

causes

pulmonary

hypertension,

ultimately

resulting in reversed or bidirectional shunt flow with variable degrees of cyanosis.

onal nursing

（补授法）

: When the breast milk is not enough, the baby

tutional nursing

（代授法）

: When the breast milk is enough but the

within 6 months can be feed partly with breast milk and partly with other nutritions each time.

mother can

’

t feed the baby in time, the baby can be feed with other nutritions like milk for some

times.

rition

（营养不良）

:

It

is

a

disease caused

by

lacking

of

energy

and

protein. It often happens to the baby within 3 years old with symptoms of weight-losing, fat-losing,

edema and functional disorders.

16. Obesity

（肥胖症）

: Obesity is defined as an excessively high amount of body fat

or adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass.

17. Koplik spots

（麻疹黏膜斑）

: ulcerations on buccal mucosa around Stensen

18. Harrison's groove

（郝氏沟）

: The distal end of the ribs are weak and may be

duct; spotty enanthema in oral cavity, may precede rash

depressed by the negative

intrathoracic pressure developed during respiration with a resultant semicoronal impression being

found at the costal attachment of the diaphragm, leading to the formation of Harrison's groove.

19.

Rachitic

rosary

（佝偻病串珠）

:

a

radiographic

appearance

of

the

costochondral junctions of the middle ribs in rickets. This appearance results from the presence of

bulky growth plates at the bone or cartilage junctions.

20. Chvostek's sign

（

Chvostek's

征）

: Chvostek's sign is contraction of the

muscles of the eye, mouth or nose, elicited by tapping along the course of the facial nerve. The

examiner taps gently over the facial nerve in front of the ear. This is a sign of a latent tetany.

21.

Trousseau

sign

（

Trousseau

征）

: It is carpal spasm after 5 minutes of

inflation

of

a

pressure

cuff

between

the

patient

’

s

systolic

pressure

and

diastolic

measure assesses nerve irritability and is more specific for tetany of vitamin D deficiency.

asthma

（重症哮喘）

including acute serious asthma attack , lasting

23.

Persistant

asthma

（哮喘持续状态）

: It is a condition of severe acute

24. Tuberculous infection

（结核感染）

: It is an infection of tubercle bacillus.

status of asthma and deterioration of intractable asthma.

attack of asthma which can not be released by proper drug in 24 hours.

In this condition, the patient

’

s test of tuberculin and the test of serum PPD-IgM or IgG antibody

are positive. But the tubercle focus can not be found in patient

’

s body.

25. Endogenous infection

（内源性感染）

: When the patient eat too much or

the components of the food are not balanced ,the process of the digestion will be slowed down.

And

the

food

which can

not

be

fully

digested will

stay

in

the

upper

part

of

the small

intestine.

Then the PH of the

intestinal carvity will decreased. It leads to a result that the bacteria from the

lower part of the intestine will move up and multip;y . The food then will be ferment and rot by

those bacteria.

26 Aschoff body

（

风湿小体）

:It is aone of the tiny lumps in heart muscle that are

27 Primary complex:

（原发综合征）

It is a combination of primary focus of

typical of rheumatic heart disease and consist of swollen collagen ,cells and fibrils.

infection in the

lung parenchyma and caseous

involvement of the regional

lymph nodes ,usually

hilar nodes.