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《全新版大学英语(第二版)快速阅读1》部分原文

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2021-02-17 23:44
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2021年2月17日发(作者:quarterly)


A Country of Immigrants


As you walk along the street in any American city,you see many different see oriental


faces of the United States,a country of immigrants from all over the ants are people


who leave one country to live permanently in another country.



The first immigrants came to North America in the 1600s from northern European countries such


as England and people generally had light skin and light came to live in


North America because they wanted religious the 1700s and early 1800s immigrants


continued to move from Europe to the United this time there was one group of unwilling


immigrants,black people were tricked or forced to come to the United States,where


they worked on the large farms in the blacks had no freedom;they were the


1800s many Chinese and Irish immigrants came to the United came because of


economic or political problems in their most recent immigrants to the United


States,the Indochinese,Cubans,and Central Americans also came because of economic or political


problems in their own for the blacks,most of these immigrants thought of the


United States as a land of opportunities,of a chance for freedom and new lives.



In the United States,these immigrants looked for help from other immigrants who shared the same


background,language,and ore,there are neighborhoods in each U.S. city made up


almost entirely of one ethnic or racial are all Italian,all Puerto Rican,or all Irish


neighborhoods in many East Coast cities and all Mexican neighborhoods in the Southwest.



In Dearborn,Michigan,there is a large group of are racial neighborhoods such as


oriental Chinatown in New are also neighborhoods with a strong religious feeling such


as a Jewish part of Brooklyn in New ,of course,there are economic neighborhood


divisions;in American cities very often poor people do not live in the same neighborhoods as rich


people.



This wide variety of neighborhoods in the cities is a reflection of the different groups in American


society. American society is a mixture of racial,language,cultural,religious,and economic


sometimes call America a melting pot and compare its society to a soup with many


different ingredients (different races,cultures,religions,and economic


groups)supposedly mix together to make a smooth ,in reality,there are a few lumps left in


the soup.





Andrew Carnegie


One of the captains of industry of 19


th


century America,Andrew Carnegie,helped build the


American steel industry,a process that turned a poor young man into one of the richest


entrepreneurs of his age. Later in his life,Carnegie sold hie steel business and systematically gave


his fortune away to cultural,educational and scientific institutions for



the improvement of


mankind.





Carnegie was born in Dunfermline,Scotland,in town was a center of the linen


industry,and Andrew


?


s father was a weaver,a profession the young Carnegie was expected to


the industrial revolution that would later make Carnegie the richest man in the


world,destroyed the weavers


?


the steam-powered looms came to Dunfermline in


1847,hundreds of handloom weavers became


?


s mother opened a small


grocery shop and mended shoes to support the family.




I began to learn what poverty meant,



Andrew would later write.



It was burnt into my heart then


that my father had to beg for then and there came the determination that I would cure


when I got to be a man.





The family moved to the United States in 1848,and began a new life in


Pittsburgh,m Carnegie secured work in a cotton factory and his son Andrew


took work in the same building as a bobbin boy for $$1.20 a ,Carnegie worked as a


messenger boy in the city


?


s telegraph did each job to the best of his ability and seized


every opportunity to take on new example,he memorized Pittsburgh


?


s street


layout as well as the important name and addresses of those he delivered to.



Carnegie often was asked to deliver messages to the arranged to make these deliveries


at night-and stayed on to watch plays by Shakespeare and other great what would be a


life-long pursuit of knowledge,Carnegie also took advantage of a small library that a local


benefactor made available to working boys.



One of the men Carnegie met at the telegraph office was Thomas ,then a director at


Pennsylvania was taken by the young worker and referred to him as



my boy


Andy,



hiring him as his private secretary and personal telegrapher at



$$


35 a month.




I couldn


?


t imagine,



Carnegie said many years later,



what I could ever do with so much


money.



Carnegie was always eager to shoulder new responsibilities,and he worked his way up the


ladder in Pennsylvania Railroad and succeeded Scott as head of the Pittsburgh the


outbreak of the Civil War,Scott was responsible for military transportation for the North and


Carnegie worked as his right- hand man.



The Civil War fueled the iron industry,and by the time the war was over,Carnegie saw the


potential in the field and resigned from Pennsylvania was one of many brave moves


that would typify Carnegie


?


s life in industry and earn him his then turned his attention


to the Keystone Bridge Company,which worked to replace wooden bridges with stronger iron


three years he had an annual income of $$50,000.



Carnegie would continue making huge amounts of money for the next 30 improve the


efficiency of his steel plant,Carnegie would make use of the Bessemer Process,which was the first


cheap process for mass-producing ie threw his own money into the process and even


borrowed heavily to build a new steel plant near ie was strict in keeping down


costs and managed by the saying



watch costs and the profits take care of themselves.






I think Carnegie


?


s genius was first of all,an ability to foresee how things were going to


change,



says historian John Ingram.



Once he saw that something was of potential benefit to


him,he was willing to invest enormously in it.





Still,Carnegie


?


s steel plants developed rapidly,and by 1900,Carnegie Steel produced more of the


metal than all of Great was also the year that financier issued a major


challenge to Carnegie


?


s steel Carnegie believed he could beat Morgan in a battle


that could last five,10 or 15 years,the fight did not appeal to the 64-year-old man eager to spend


more time with his wife Louise,whom he had married in 1886 at the age of 51,and their


daughter,Margaret.



Carnegie wrote the asking price for his steel business on a piece of paper and had one of his


managers deliver the offer to accepted immediately,buying the company for $$480


million.


Congratulations,ie,



Morgan said to Carnegie when they finalized the deal,



you are now the richest man in the world.





Carnegie liked to say that



the man who dies rich dies disgraced,



and turned his attention to


giving away his disliked charity,and instead put his money to use helping others help


was the reason he spent much of his fortune on establishing over 2,500 public


libraries as well as supporting institutions of higher the time Carnegie


?


s life was


over,he gave away 350million dollars.






is sitting in his living room and is talking about architecture or the designing of buildings.



It is not just an idea,but the way in which that idea is done,that is is what I mean


by the


?


architecture of ideas.


?


I worry that ideas and the practice of architecture as a profession,as a


business,do not come together often enough.



He stops,then adds:



Maybe my early training set me


it made me too practical.





That is an unexpected comment from a man like Pei,who runs a business that employs many


people and has important customers all over the questioning the value of


his company, &Partners,is more than just a business that designs has always


tried to bring together beauty and art with business sense,and today it is probably the leader


among American architecture companies that do very well both artistically and is


hard enough to become well know either as an artistic or as a business success in architecture:to


do so as both is unusual and surprising.



,a leader in his field for more than thirty years,seems to get better and busier as the years


go reason for his success is that he is well known as a kind and thoughtful it is


also because of the seriousness of his believes in improving on and developing from


styles and designs that have been used before,not in newness for its own ies hire him


because they believe that his designs are strong and modern without being shocking.



Pei


?


s style is based on geometric forms,like most of the architecture of modern he has


continued to use these forms while other important architects have begun to change their


styles,making use of the forms of architecture from other countries and other periods in history.



Ieoh Ming Pei was born in China in 1917,but he calls himself



an American architect -


absolutely.



He went to the United States in 1935 to study architecture,and remained there because


of the the late1940s he got a very good job and decided to become an American


has lived in New York since then,but he never forgotten the land of his childhood.



In 1978 Pei was invited to design s hotel in was a very difficult thing for him to do


because



there seems to be only two choices - either to copy the old Chinese style with red


columns and golden roofs or to build modern Western buildings.I do not think either of these is


has to be a third way.





Pei


?


s



third way



is very much like traditional Chinese uses the same kinds of


materials and forms,and is only different in one important aspect:it well have a flat roof instead of


a curved one because that kind is safer and less expensive.



In New York City,&Partners will build a convention center,that is,a large building for


meetings and shows that will be much bigger than the hotel in Beijing,and in some ways much


fact,the biggest problem is that the center may look too much like a large ore


they are working to create a number of public areas within the one huge will be used


for other things even when there are no special meetings or shows,and will make the building


itself into a tourist attraction.



It is possible that Pei


?


s way of working may soon change,becoming more like one or the other of


the two major modern might decide to make more use of the styles and ideas of the


architecture of older cultures (as he did with his hotel in China)or he might decide to treat his


buildings even more artistically (as he did the Kennedy Library in Boston).But it does not seem


likely that Pei


?


s work will move strongly in either believes his work gives his


customers what they want and he tries to make his buildings fit the jobs they are supposed to do.





Internet Love Can Work


I had heard of the chat room on the Internet,but it had never appealed to g to total


strangers that you cannot see struck me as too day I was surfing the net,when I


discovered MSN


?


s chat rooms and making up a nickname decided to just watch and see what all


the fuss was on the screen were twenty or so people who were chatting away about


anything and I studied the conversations,afraid to join on and expose myself as a



newbie



,I was drawn to one was intelligent,witty and expressed a love of the UK,my


name was Linda and she was from California,a part of the States I had never seen but


was interested summoning up all my courage,I said hi and introduced began to


chat and I found that it was very relaxed to the point that I was amazed when the conversation


had been chatting for two whole hours,totally ignoring everyone else in the


parted company,saying that we hoped we would bump into each other that next day,I


wondered if that was just a polite goodbye or if she really wanted to continue our conversation.



That evening I logged on,half of me hoping Linda would be there,the other half afraid that she


wouldn


?


enough,she wasn


?


t in the chat room and I sat at the computer screen only half


reading the conversations that flashed up before Linda


?


s name appeared and with the


usual



Hi room



, she said



Hi Vince



.My life suddenly became brighter in that instant.I kept


telling myself it was crazy,here was a woman I only just met,hardly knew and yet I had missed her


all chatted again,and the hours vanished,with the other chatters leaving us alone in the


room.



I had dated quite a few times in my then twenty-five years of life,but never had anyone taken my


interest so completely as this stranger from across the discussed everything,our


likes,dislikes,our troubles and our pleasures and the more we talked the more amazed we became


at how much we had in common.



Weeks went by and every evening we would meet up and talk,the two hours becoming three,then


exchanged pictures,but were both afraid we would blow it by doing ,as I looked at


her picture on my screen,I was amazed at the fact that no one had snapped up this American


beauty in the years since her graduation from college.



The weeks had become months and we both admitted we had feelings for each other,our


friendship becoming something far came the time that anyone who ever had an


Internet relationship will know...the had said that she would fly to the UK to meet


me,but I insisted that I flew to the States.I explained to her my fears that should she come to me


and for some reason we didn


?


t hit it off,then she would be a woman alone in a strange country


where as for a guy it wouldn


?


t be so bad.



Linda finally agreed and a week or two later I found myself on a plane winging my way to San


had arranged that I would be met by her brother who would drop me off at my hotel and


that I would ring her once I had freshened up and she would come over and we would go out for a


five minutes of pacing up and down after I made the call,there was a knock on the


door.I opened the door to the most beautiful woman I had ever of us were nervous


when we kissed looked into each other


?


s eyes and that kiss became another filled with all


the emotions that had developed over the months of online chatting.



I stayed for two weeks taking Linda out after she finished work at the local we fell


head over heels in love.I returned home,and missed Linda like crazy,the online chat now seeming


so pale in comparison with holding the woman I loved in my missed me too and so I


jumped on a plane and went back this time for a went on for five visits and each time I


would extend my return ticket because we couldn


?


t bear to part.



I finally asked Linda to marry me and she agreed,having discussed the fact she wanted to move to


the UK to be with is now two years later,Christmas 2007 and Linda is here for the


coming year we are to marry and Linda is finalizing things prior to her move to the


UK for family and friends love her to bits and I feel like the luckiest man on the face of


the for all you out there that read the Internet horror stories of romances gone bad,take


can work is a wonderful thing,and if true,will overcome both time and


distance.





Jump


The story you are about to read is almost unbelievable,but it is happened one winter


?


s night


in 1944,during World War airplanes of the Royal Air Force,after dropping their bombs on


Germany,were on their way home.



In each plane,men looked anxiously over their guns into the was the time when


enemy fighter planes might of the air gunners was Nick was a gunner in


the back of the plane and he sat in the rear-gun position,at the very tail of the was so small


that before climbing in,Nick had taken off his parachute and left it in another part of the


felt more comfortable without ,however,he began to feel very uncomfortable


ly there was a terrible explosion and the whole aircraft whole of the


middle part of the plane burst into flames and Nick heard the captain shout,



We


?


re on fire!Jump!





At first Nick could not get out of his tiny door was struggling with all his


strength for several moments,he forced it looked for his parachute but it was already


had to make a terrible decision:he could stay in the plane and be burnt to death or he


could jump without a parachute and be smashed to death,after falling 6,000 jumped!



The cold air hit him and he could not this height the air is too thin to breathe


Nick began to lose consciousness,he thought,



So this is what it


?


s like to die.



Then he


remembered no he woke up some time later,he could not believe that he was


he moved his arms,then his seemed all was lying in a huge pile of


he looked up,he saw a large fir branches had broken his fall and the pile of


snow had completed his soft landing.



When he got to his feet,he found that his back and one leg hurt but he was able to made


his way to a German farm,and soon he was a prisoner,in a hospital first the Germans did


,however,they found the crashed plane and his partly burnt parachute,with his name


and number on was the first time a man had jumped five and a half kilometres without a


parachute and still lived!





Student Opinion


Why Manchester University?


I


?


m a second-year medical student and so far I really love it.I


?


m from Edinburgh which I suppose I


should really miss more,but I like it here too mum wanted me to stay in Edinburgh,but


Manchester


has


the


biggest


and


best


medical


school


in


the


UK,and


from


the


minute


I


saw


this


fantastic university I decided I had to come here.



My degree



We have 26 hours of classes a week and there are roughly two types of classes for second-year


medical students:classes that deal with the science in medicine,and those that are devoted to the art


of


medicine,that


is,giving


medical


service


with


a


humane



also


have


group


learning


sessions,which really help you to connect with other students in your year and also help you to


learn and remember more-which is great when it comes to exams.


As


second-year


students,we


can


only


take


histories,conduct


physical


examinations,measure


and


record blood pressure and pules rate,and generally be an extra set of eyes for the doctor treating


the patient.



Student life


In my spare time,I go swimming.I trained at my home club and I now train for four hours a week


with the University usually go out to a nearby bar called Jingles ng


has really made me feel more at home here.I would definitely advise other new students to join a


club


or



is


a


great


way


of


making


new


friends


outside


your


course


and,of


course,learn


new skills.


There


are


lots


of


clubs


and


societies


to


choose


from:course-related


ones,sports,choir-and


even


things like Chinese Kung Fu.


I


also


have


a


part-time


job


in


a


grocery


store


in



long


as


you


have


your


study


time


organized,a part-time job is a pretty good idea.



Accommodation


As for accommodation- apply as soon as you can.I waited until summer and got my last choice but


I


?


m glad I did.I lived in Melburn House in Greenfield in the first year,which is a short journey on


the have a common room in our flats(not all places do),laundry,nearby supermarket and


our own bar.


Some


of


my


new


friends


are


in


catered


halls


but


I


chose


self-catered


because


it


offered


more


flexibility for my can share things such as food with your roommates and also cook


saves time,effort,money and a lot of washing up.



Living in Manchester


In


Manchester,you


never


get



Road


is


the


king


of


all


roads


and


pretty


much


everything you need will be on or off are also so many shops in Johnson


Centre near Walton is good and only a short walk away and the Kingston Mall is only a bus ride


away- it


?


s huge,and has every possible shop in the world and really nice places to eat.


All I can say in Manchester University is a good place to study is a vibrant,multicultural place


with


excellent


resources,lots


to


do


and


see


and


will


get


you


a


degree


that


will


be


recognized

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-


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