大英一各单元summary与英汉互译

第一单元

The writer describes the first few days of university life in the diary with a casual , informal

style

full

of

humor

and

exaggeration.

As

a

fresher,

the

writer

has

many

probl

ems:

feeling

lonely

and

l

ost,

not

having

a

good

appetite

for

the

food

in

the

dining

hall,

feeling

not

as

intelligent

and

knowledgeable

as

others;

not

knowing

how

to

take

notes

and

how

to

wash

clothes.

Besid

es,

her

d

ormitory

looks

very

small.

The

tutor

seems

unfriendly

and

uncaring.

The library rul

es are too strict. The writer tries to solve the probl

ems: joining many clubs and

societies to make more friends, talking to Mum on the phone to get some comfort and advice.

The writer

of

the

text

newly arrived

in New

York as

an immigrant. He

worked

full

time

with a variety of manual jobs while taking courses at the university. He was faced with many

problems.

He

felt

inferior

(

自卑

)

to

his

classmates

because

he

didn

’

t

have

a

high

school

diploma and he had a strong Irish accent. He didn

’

t know how to take notes in the class. He

was puzzl

ed by what the professor said about the Pilgrims and dared not ask questions in the

class. Being lonely and insecure, he was dreaming of a good-l

ooking girl who was impressed

by what he had read and what he would fall in l

ove with him.

第二单元

It was the first time that I had oyster. Before I had it, I thought it was disgusted to eat. And I

even missed mother

’

s cook and fish and fries. But my father encouraged me to swall

ow it,

which he thought was delicious. In order to earned his love and respect, I did, and that was

the last time I had oyster.

The passage tells us the history of chocolates and the progress of making cocoa beans into

chocolates. It also tells us the reason we like chocolate so much and according to experiment,

which proves that genetic trait makes us prefer to eat things with a sweet taste. But we just

like

chocolate

not

other

sweet

things.

Although

there

are

about

300

different

chemicals

in

chocolate, we really d

on

’

t know how all of these affect us.

第三单元

“

Thinking for oneself

”

means consid

ering facts and making d

ecisions for oneself, instead

of

d

epending

on

someone

else

’

s

judgment

or

d

oing

as

they

are

told.

Every

step

of

real

progress in our society has come from it, yet thinking for ourselves is still a radical act. In

most circles, especially in places that shape our lives, thinking for ourselves is regarded with

suspicion,

and

even

seen

as

dangerous.

Hardly

anyone

has

been

encouraged,

much

l

ess

trained to d

o it. I was once forced by my advanced algebra mentor to write d

own the sum of a

number that d

oes not exist. Even though scared by such a humiliating experience, I gradually

examined

and

valued

the

concept

of

d

eveloping

our

own

thinking

which

has

at

least

been

introduced into my academic life. Thinking for oneself is associated with the positive values of

being independent, creative and original.

Activist

learners

generate

new

ideas

and

try

things

out;

Reflectors

form

their

own

judgments from listening, observing and reflecting; Theorists resort to logical reasoning and

assimilating

new

information

into

a

rational

scheme.

Pragmatists

prefer

testing

ideas

with

practical values to open-ended discussions. This passage tells us how to improve study skills

among these ways, such as lectures and note-taking, earning styles, activist, reflector, theorist,

pragmatist, doing research, writing essays.

Tips for d

oing research

1. Do not get bogged d

own in the research

2. Break up the process into stages

3. Apply a step-by-step approach to reading

4. Decid

e a reading rate and style in accordance with the type of reading material and your

purpose in reading

Tips for writing essays

1. Have a plan

2. Work out the title

3. Finish the first draft

4. Make modifications for the sake of read

ers

第四单元

As far back as I can remember, the large pickle jar sat on the floor beside the dresser in my

parents

’

bedroom. When Dad got ready for bed, he would empty pockets and toss his coins

into the jar. When the jar was full, the money were for my college fund. The year passed and I

finished college and the jar was gone. A lump rose in my threat, because the pickl

e had taught

me

the

values

of

determination,

perseverance,

and

faith.

The

first

Christmas

after

my

daughter born, I returned with my family. To my amazement, on the floor besid

e the dresser

stood the pickl

e jar again. I realized my father was saving for my daughter

’

s education. The jar

shows a continuity of family.

Venus and Serena Williams are two of the most famous tennis players in the world. They

have differences the way any siblings do. For instance, Serena is a littl

e bit more outgoing than

Venus ,a little bite more prepared to take risks. But on the other hand, she is more prepared to

take

risks.

But on the

other

hand

,she

is

more

outspoken, more

likely

to

get

things

off

her

chest. What

’

s more, Serena is not as humorous as Venus.

In spite of so many differences in their characters, they have a lot in common. Both of them

started playing tennis at an age when kids seld

om played. Whil

e playing tennis ,they had no

distractions. Since

they

weren

’

t

born with

sliver spoons

in their

mouth, they

are

cl

ear

that

they have to earn anything that come their way. Most of importance of all is that both of them

are

very

determined

to

d

o

well,

to

succeed,

to

do

the

best

they

possibly

can.

All

these

similarities in their characters play significant parts.

第五单元

All

over

the

English-speaking

worl

d,

newspaper

circulation

has

been

confronted

with

a

long-term trend

of

d

ecline.

The decline comes

much from the challenge of Internet

and the

negative

environmental

impact

of

newspaper

industry .

The

challenge

of

internet

mainly

focuses on its attraction to read

ers and minute-by-minute ads monitoring system. But maybe

the newspaper won

’

t die without struggle. Besid

es its convenience over laptop, the demand

for

local

news

and

the

exploitation

of

lifestyl

e

journalism

will

create

new

revenue

streams.

And

more

interestingly,

the

ritual

of

reading

the

newspaper

has

become

a

hard

habit

to

break.

What

exactly

is

news?

The

objective

importance

and

the

historical,

international

significance of an event is not enough. It is the odd, unexpected and human nature that mad

e

news like 9/11 memorable and newsworthy. So is immediacy which refers to the nearness of

the event in time.

When it comes to immediacy, those media like TV, radio and Internet have an enormous

advantage over the press. However, no matter what form it may take, all the media more or

less covertly, influence the public. That is the so- called power of the media.

In the new millennium, maybe the press or TV are not going to disappear overnight, but

the power of the media may be erod

ed.

第六单元

George lived on his own in a flat in south Lond

on. He felt overwhelmed by the stupidity of

people

and

ugliness

of

his

surroundings,

so

he

spent

his

days

in

an

old

and

comfortabl

e

armchair

reading

great

works

of

literature

,esp

the

classic

works

of

travel

writing,

so

that

from the d

eep warmth of his armchair ,he could travel in his mind to the far reaches of the

world.

One

morning,

he

was

browsing

through

a

book

by

Marcel

Pagnol,

whose

visions

of

Provence aroused his keen interest to see Provence for himself. Unable to contain his curiosity,

he went to the station and departure time approached, he gradually felt that it woul

d be tiring

and uncomfortable to travel. He was sudd

enly stuck by the realization that as a stranger, he

woul

d

never

experience

the

warmth

and

col

ors

of

his

mind,so

he

went

back

home

and

resolved never to l

eave home again.

On

a

warm

July

night

,we

arrived

late

in

Druskininkai

for

a

Lithuanian

conference

for

English teachers. We were tired and decided to rest, but the car d

oors banging and slamming

on the hotel door at approximately two-minute intervals prevent us from sleeping . Although

the mayor was as good as his word the hotel was cl

osed the next night, but

the noise was

worse than the night before. At the farewell party, two song-and- dance groups were invited to

perform

traditional

Lithuanian

folk

singing

and

dancing.

But

unfortunately,

they

were

not

only rivals but deadly enemies, and neither wanted to yield to, the other. So the concert was

twice as l

ong as had been intended. Some peopl

e tried to leave quietly by a side door. However

they came to a dead end and were squashed into a cupboard. Sud

denly ,the d

oor burst open

and

people

fell

out

and

ran

away,

with

handkerchiefs

stuffed

in

their

mouths

to

stop

themselves laughing.

第一单元

Today, a gap year refers mostly to a year taken before starting university or college. During

their gap year, American students either engage in advanced academic courses or do some

volunteer work to improve their knowledge, maturity, decision-making, leadership,

independence, self-sufficiency and more, thus improving their r

é

sum

é

s before going to college.

British and European students, however, take a much more holiday-style approach to the gap

year by generally working for 3

–

6 months and then travelling around the world before college

begins. This is intended to expand their minds, personal confidence, experiences and interests

prior to college. It is a much less structured approach than taken in the United States, and is

generally viewed by parents as a formative year for young adults to become independent and

learn a great deal of responsibility prior to engaging in university life.

如今，

间隔年最为普遍的 含义是指上大学前的一年。

在这一年中，

美国学生或是学习高级 学

术类课程，或是做一些志愿服务，以此来提高自己的知识水平、成熟度、决策力、领导 力、

独立性、

自给自足以及多方面的能力，

力求在上大学之前让自己的简历变得更加完善。

然而，

英国 和欧洲的学生更倾向于把间隔年当作假期来看待。

他们通常用

3

—

6

个月的时间打打工，

然后利用剩余的时间在大学开学前环球旅行。

这样，在上大学前，