上海高考完形填空真题专题解析

2016

年上海高考

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,

B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

In

the

1960s,

Douglas

McGregor,

one

of

the

key

thinkers

in

the

art

of

management,

developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y

. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively

51

work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential

to find satisfaction in work.

In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52

, many managers still agree to Theory X.

They

believe,

53

,

that

their

employees

need

constant

supervision

if

they

are

to

work

effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from

54

without consultation. This, of course,

makes for authoritarian (

专制的

) managers.

Different cultures have different ways of

55

people. Unlike authoritarian management,

some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision- making

—

all

members

of

the

department

or

work

group

are

asked

to

56

to

this

process.

This

is

management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian

ways

of

doing

things,

which

are

based

on

general

57

.

Some

experts

say

that

women

will

become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in

a way that traditional

58

managers cannot.

A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions

on their own without

59

managers first. This

empowerment

(

授权

) has been part of the trend

towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de- layering in this

way, a company may be

61

with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and

employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (

委托

)

much further than has

62

been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of

management

control

to

63

that

the

overall

business

plan

is

being

followed,

and

that

operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.

Another

trend

is off-site

or

64

management,

where

teams

of

people

linked

by

e-mail

and

the

Internet

work

on

projects

from

their

own

houses.

Project

managers

evaluate

the

65

of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time

they spend on them.

51. A. desire

B. seek

C. lose

D. dislike

52. A. contrary

B. expectation

C. degree

D. extreme

53. A. vice versa

B. for example

C. however

D. otherwise

54. A. outside

B. inside

C. below

D. above

55. A. replacing

B. assessing

C. managing

D. encouraging

56. A. refer

B. contribute

C. object

D. apply

57. A. agreement

B. practice

C. election

D. impression

58. A. bossy

B. experienced

C. western

D. male

59. A. asking

B. training

C. warning

D. firing

60. A. doubling

B. maintaining

C. reducing

D. estimating

61. A. honored

B. left

C. crowded

D. compared

62. A. economically

B. traditionally

C. inadequately

D. occasionally

63. A. deny

B. admit

C. assume

D. ensure

64. A. virtual

B. ineffective

C. day-to-day

D. on-the-scene

65. A. opinion

B. risk

C. performance

D. attractiveness

【解析】

试题分析：本文是说明文， 作者在第一段中提出道格拉斯

·

麦克雷戈所提出的人性假设理论

中的

X

理论和

Y

理论，并介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论：授权管理及其作用。

< br>

51.

答案

D

。

X

理论认为人们天生讨厌工作会做任何事来避免工作 。

desire

想要；

seek

寻找；

lose

失去；

dislike

不喜欢。

52.< /p>

答案

A

。

在任何 情况下，

尽管相反的理论有很多证据，

但是经理们仍然同意

X

理论。

contrary

相反；

expectation

期望；

degree

程度；

extreme

< br>极端。

53.

答案

。例如，他们认为如果要有效工作他们的员工需要持续的督导，或者说决 策必须

从上级强制执行而不需要咨询。根据前文提出许多管理者认同

X

理论，本句应该具体讲认

同者的理由，

< br>因此选择

for example

（例如）

。

vice versa

反之亦然；

for example

例如；

however

然而；

otherwise

否则。

54.< /p>

答案

D

。

不同文 化有不同方式去管理人民。

outside

在外面；