-
部分倒装与完全倒装的区别
英语最基本的词序
“
主语部分
+
谓语部分
”
通常十分固定。
如果把谓语
动词放在主
语前面,这就叫做倒装。将谓语动词完全移至主语之前,称为完全倒装;如果
只是
把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前,称为部分倒装。
一、全部倒装
1
.以
here
,
there
,
now
,
then
开头的句子
,
谓语动词要放在句子的主语之前。这种
句子
中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。如:
Here comes
the train
!
There
goes the bell
!
注意:如果句子的主语是人称代词,则不能使用倒装结构。如:
Here it comes
!
/
There it
goes
!
2
.有些动词短语以副词
out
,
in
,
up
,
do
wn
,
away
等结尾,构成不及物动
词短语。
这时,为了使句子更形象,常将这些副词提前到句首。这时,句中的谓语动词要
放
在句子主语的前面,构成全部倒装。
(注意,这时句子的主语
也必须是名词。如果是
人称代词,也不能使用倒装结构。
)如:
Up went the
rocket
.
Up it
went
.
3
.为了强调表示地点的介词短语,常将这个介词短语放在句首,构成全部倒装。注
意,
这时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。如:
In the
front of the lecture hall sat the
speaker
.
4
.表语置于句首,且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装。如:
Gone are the days when we had nothing
to eat
.
5
< br>.
so
/
neither
/
nor
表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者,
其倒装结构为
“so
/
neither
/
nor
+助动词/系动词/情态动词
+主语
”
(
so
表示肯定意义,
neither
/
n
or
表示否
定意义)
。如:
She has finished her
homework
,
so has her
brother
.
She
hasn’t gone there
,
neither
/
nor has
he
.
但如果
so
表示强调,
即强调前面所说的
情况的真实性时,其结构是
“so
+主语+助
< br>动词/系动词/情态动词
”
,
这
里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物。
如:
She knows little
English
,
so she
does
.
她英语懂得不多。她的确如此。
二.部分倒装
1
.用于疑问句中。如:
How did you do
that
﹖
Did you see
the film yesterday
﹖
< br>2
.用于省略
if
的虚拟条件状
语从句中。如果我们将连词
if
省略,应把
were
,
had
,
should
提到主语前面。如:
If you had come
yesterday
,
you
would have seen him
.
→
Had you come
yesterday
,
you
would have seen him
.
3
.用于
as
引导的让步状语
从句中。
as
引导的让步状语从句引起的倒装有以下几种
形式:
1)
副词置于句首。如:
Much as
I like it (
=
Although I like
it very much), I will not buy
it
.
1
2)
动词原形置于句首。如
Wait as you
may(
=
Although you may wait),
he will not see you
.
3)
形容词或名词置于句首。如:
Proud as the nobles are
(
=
Although the nobles are
proud), they are afraid to see
me
.
Child as he
is (
=
Although he is a
child), he can tell right from
wrong
.
注意:如果名词前有形容词修饰时,
as
引导的倒装句中要保留不定冠词。如:
A
bad-tempered
man
as
he
is
(
=
Although
he
is
a
bad-tempered
man),
he
loves
me
deeply
.
4
.具有否定意义的副词或连词
(not
< br>,
hardly
,
no
sooner, not until,
seldom
,
not
once
,
at no time
,<
/p>
never
,
little
等
)
置于句首时,句子(主句)采用部分倒装。如:
Little do we know about
him
.
No sooner
had he closed his eyes than he fell
asleep
.
Seldom
does he come back on
Sundays
.
Not
until he came back did I know about
it
.
5
.
only
修饰句子的状语(从句)位于句首时,句子(主句)要
用部分倒装。如:
Only then did I
realize the importance of
English
.
但如果
only
修饰的是句子的其它成分,则无需倒装。如:
Only socialism can save
China
.
(only
修饰的是句子的主语,故仍用正常语序。
)
6
.
not only…but
also…
连接两个并列分句时,第一个分句应使用部分倒装。如:
Not only does he do well in his
lessons, but also he often helps others with their
lessons
.
7
.
so…that
结构中的倒装。有时要强调
so
所修饰的形容词或副词,常将
so
连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首。这时,主句要用倒装结构。如:
< br>
He runs so fast that he is far
ahead of others
.
→
So fast does he run that he
is far ahead of others
.
He is so clever that he can work out
all the difficult problems in the
book
.
→
So clever is he that he can
work out all the difficult problems in the
book
.
(全部倒
装)
倒装的原因有二:
1)
由于一定语法结构的需要,如:
Have you known Mr. Davis
long?
你认识戴维斯先生很久了吗
?
Where have you
been?
你刚才到哪里去了
?
Was the car damaged by a
truck?
这辆小轿车是让大卡车给撞坏的吗
?
2)
由于强调,如:
Never have I heard such a funny
story.
我从来没听过这样有趣的故事。
Only then did I fully understand what
my father said.
只有到那时,
我才充分理解我
父亲
讲的话。
倒装结构的基本用法
在下列情况下,通常用倒装句。
.
1)
在问句中,如:
What does your father
do?
你父亲干什幺工作
?
How
are you?
你身体好吗
?
2