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译文来源：美国
PE
杂志建筑给排水工程师
2010
年第
10
期
The
multilevel
residential
housing
is
given
and
drains
off
water several questions designed
Summary : This text give
and drain off water on multilevel residential
housing design
supply
water
the
exertion
of
the
tubular
product
,
Way
of
laying
of
pipeline,
water
gauge produce family set up,
establishment and air conditioner condensation
water of
pot-type
boiler
discharge
issue
goes
on
the
discussion
,
And
put
forward
some
concrete views.
Keyword:
Skyscraper,
supply
water
the
tubular
product
,
the
pipeline
is
laid,
The
water
gauge, the solar water heater
The
skyscraper is simple with its auxiliary facility,
the fabrication cost is low, the
characteristic such as being convenient
of estate management, Receive the welcomes
of the real estate developer and vast
resident of small and medium-sized cities very
much.
How
project
planning
and
design
of
inhabited
region,
scientific
and
technological
industry
of
comfortable
house,
lead
the
request
according
to
2000,
Improve
the design level of the house, build out a
comfortable living space for each
household,
It
is
each
designers
duty.
As
the
heart
of
the
house
--The
kitchen,
bathroom, is
that the function is
complicated, hygiene, safe and
comfortable degree
are
expected
much,
It
is
miscellaneous
to
build,
the
space
expecting
much
in
technology. So, the designer must
consider synthetically with the idea and method of
global design that the kitchen,
bathroom give installation of the drainage
pipeline and
equipment,etc. . Give and
drain off water on skyscraper design supply water
exertion,
to lay pipeline of tubular
product, water gauge produce family set up,
establishment
and empty of pot-type
boiler now Transfer condensation water discharge
issue discuss
together with colleagues.
( 1)supply water tubular
product select problem for use Traditional
watersupply
tubular product adopt zinc-
plated steel tube generally, because zinc-plated
steel tube
exchange
the
corrosion,
Use
short-lived
,
use
for
and
send
domestic
water
can
satisfied with water
quality sanitary standard shortcoming, Ministry of
Construction is
popularizing
the
application
of
the
feed
pipe
of
plastics
energetically
.
A
lot
of
districts
and cities have already expressed regulations:
Forbid designing and using the
zinc-
plated steel tube , use widely the feed pipe of
plastics. The plastics supply water
In
charge of compared with metal pipeline, light, it
is fine to able to bear the intensity
of
keeping,
Send
obstruction
little
liquid
,
able
to
bear
chemistry
better
to
corrode
performance, it is convenient to
install, The steel energy-conservation of the
province,
merit
of
having
long
performance
life
etc..
Supply
water
and
use
plastics
pipeline:
Hard polyvinyl chloride( PVC-U), high
density polyethylene( HDPE), pay and unite
polyethylene(
PEX)
,
modify
the
polypropylene(
PP-R,
PP-C),
gather
butene(
PB),
aluminium
mould
and
compound
and
in
charge
of
and
the
steel
is
moulded
and
compound
and
is
managed
etc..
Choice
of
tubular
product
economic
comparative
course of
technology, technology should from pressure,
temperature, environment for
use,
install method,etc. go on and consider, Combine
owners at the same time request
and the
house of grade,carry on and fix after being
consider synthetically technology
not
economic.
The
above
plastics
supply
water
tubular
product
can
supply
water
tubular product as house life. The
economic and functional house conciliating Strand
room in the face of the masses of with
low- and medium-level incomes resident, can
select
for
use
hygiene
grades
of
hard
polyvinyl
chloride
in
charge
of
as
feed
pipe
mainly,
In
order
to
reduce
the
fabrication
cost;
Medium-to-high
grade
commodity
apartment
available
aluminium
Mould
and
compound
and
in
charge
of
or
other
plastics
supply
water
the
tubular
product
as
the
feed
pipe.
House
mix
hot
water
temperature
that
water
order
exceed
600
C,
so
above-mentioned
tubular
product
in
charge
of
except
hard
polyvinyl
chloride
and
aluminium
plastics
compound
and
in
charge of(
PE-AL-PE), Mostly the tubular product can be
regarded as the hot water
pipeline of
the house.
( 2) pipeline lay problem 1. give and
drain off water it set up there arent one that
in charge of
1)Will install it in the corner place
of the kitchen, bathroom tomorrow. Adopting
this kind of way of laying more in the
design of house in the past, it is convenient for
it to construct, But will reveal the
pipeline and hinder the room beautifully tomorrow
Watch,
the
households
will
mostly
be
hidden
with
the
light
quality
material
in
the
equipment
two times.
2)Will
install
it
in
the
overcast
angle
place
of
the
outer
wall
of
the
building
tomorrow.
Way
this
suitable
for
southern
weather
warm
district
only,
the
minimum
temperature in winter cant be lower
than zero degrees Centigrade, In case water pipe
water-logging freeze ice is bloated to
split pipeline, influence household use. Pipeline
lay in outer wall, influence building
to be beautiful, too inconvenient on manage and
maintain in the future.
3)Lay it in the pipeline well. This way
makes the room clean and beautiful , but
the
pipeline
well
has
taken
up
the
area
of
the
bathroom,
And
pipeline
construct,
maintain
relatively
more
difficult.
Bathroom
set
up
concentrate
pipeline
well,
concentrate
pipeline
on
assign
in
the
well
feed
pipe,
drain
pipe,
This
is
that
the
civilized importance lives in the
kitchen of comfortable house, bathroom Embodiment.
I think : Should consider the
establishment of the pipeline well of the bathroom
in the
medium-to-high grade building
conceptual design of commodity apartment, Improve
quality
of
using
of
bathroom
promptly
so
,
can
solve
hard
polyvinyl
chloride
drain
pipe rivers noise
heavy problem, Improve the environmental quality
level of the room;
Whether
for
bathroom
in
the
areas
for
little
economic
and
functional
house
and
Overcome
difficulties
room,
warm
area
give
and
drain
off
water
and
set
up
and
in
charge of and can
consider and lay in the outer wall in the South,
In order to increase
using
the
space
of
the
bathroom;
Pipeline
install
and
in
the
room,
should
influence
kitchen, bathroom
every sanitary equipment use of function tomorrow
2. supply water
and prop up there arent
tube House
supply
water prop up and in
charge
of
pipe
diameter
one
≤
32mm,
de
of
battle,,
little
plastics
feed
pipe
of
pipe
diameter is the crooked state, So the
house supplies water and is propped up and in
1
charge of
being recommended and adopted and set up secretly.
Supply water to prop
up to manage
darkly There are thes way had:
1)Set up in the brick wall secretly.
Wall turn on and in charge of trough in brick
when constructing, in charge of trough
width tube +20 mm, de of external diameter,,
degree
of
depth
tube
external
diameter
de,
The
pipeline
is
imbedded
and
managed
directly Trough, and
with in charge of card fix in trough of inning
charge of son.
2)Whether pipe diameter
supply water and prop up and last
de ≤
20mm,can set
up
at
floor
secretly
piece
make
level
by
layer.
Turn
on
and
in
charge
of
trough
in
floor( ground) the board
when constructing, it wides trough have to
be de +10 mm
deeply 1/2 of
the de, Half pipeline imbed and in charge of
trough, and with in charge
of card fix
in trough of inning charge of tube. Aluminium
mould compound and in
charge
of
and
pay
and
unite
polypropylene
in
charge
of
pipeline
adopt
metal
pipe
fittings connection, Must strengthen
and in charge of trough size when adopting and
set up secretly, and rivers some flood
peak loss relatively heavy. Assign the relative
house that concentrated to the kitchen,
bathroom interior hygiene utensil, Can adopt
and divide Water device go on and join
, divide water device whether one more than
branch in charge of and connect, every
hygiene utensil supply water and prop up and
in
charge
of
and
connects
and
publishes
from
the
water
dividing
device
separately.
Can already
prevent the tube burying the pipeline secretly
from being connected like
this Permeate
the question. Can reduce some flood peak lost,
decrease the fabrication
cost of pipe
networks
3)Drain off water and prop up the tube
to lay House room drain off water and in
charge
of
and
should
set
up
at
the
time
of
inning
this
each,
drain
off
water
and
in
charge of permeating sideways like this
canning prevent the sewage from waiting for
the pollutant to enter the neighbor
family sideways, Will not influence the neighbor
either
when
the
pipeline
is
maintained
Normal
life
of
one.
Kitchen
wash
water
drainage of basin
propped up and in charge of generallying inserts
draining off water
to stand to manage
this layer of floor sideways; Floor drain drain
off water propped
up and in charge of
laying the room of lower floor.
A lot
of
colleagues
think now:
Whether kitchen the ground it lay
ceramic tile of,whose name is clean in when need
develop
with
water,not
strong
in
meaning
to
set
up
floor
drain,
So
kitchen
set
up
ground
floor drain, avoid and drain off water and prop up
and in charge of and enter
neighbor
family
sideways
already
so,
Can
increase
using
the
space
of
the
kitchen .
Bathroom drain off water and prop up
and in charge of and lay concrete measure have
in this layer sideways inside:
1)Improve the bathroom
ground . Ground tendency high 150mm, adopt back
row
type take stool pot, washing basin,
bath tub, water drainage of floor drain in charge
of
and bury in cushion layer secretly
sideways.
2)Adopt the
sinking type bathroom. Bathroom sink 350mm the
floor, hygiene
utensil drain off water
and in charge of and bury on sinking space
secretly sideways
Two
method
these
can
realize
water
drainage
of
bathroom
prop
up
and
in
charge of
earths surface to bury underground this one
without entering the neighbor
family
sideways.
Bury pipeline when
installing,
construction quality must
check on
strictly, can
construct bathroom ground after confirming
qualified secretly, So as not
2
to leave the hidden danger
in giving in the future using. Bathroom ground
construct
and
can
pack
coal
ash
light
quality
material
,
also
can
adopt
and
lay
bricks
impracticable to lay plate making
construct ground, Ground must make waterproof to
deal with, method can waterproof to
deal with according to roofing, make two oil one
rubber and plastic ointment waterproof
cloth.
3)
water gauge the open air set up problem The water
gauge is had indoors, not
only the work
load of checking meter is very heavy , but also
make the security and
privacy of the
house reduce greatly . So house divide into
households of water gauge
or divide
households of figure of water gauge Show that
should be set up in the open
air.
Skyscraper
water
gauge
the
open
air
set
up
following
several
kinds
of
forms:
Whether far it pass by water gauge
Change the ordinary water gauge into and
pass the water gauge far, is joined the
water gauge and data gathering machine by a
signal
line,
And
then
reach
intelligence
to
manage(
the
computer).
Its
merit
lies
in
saving a large amount of people
Strength comes to check meter, the data are
accurate,
the shortcoming is that the
fabrication cost is high. Whether magnetic stripe
card of by water gauge Users buy the
electronic card of the running water Company
in advance , then insert
it
in the storing device of the water gauge, Card
amount of
money deduct automatically on
the water, this way user need to prepay the water
rate,
The price of the water gauge is
relatively high.
3. adopt it set up at the
open air water gauge not ordinary
1)The water gauge is set up in the
stair have a rest in the alcove of the platform.
Household watersupply to prop up and
manage and enter the kitchen, bathroom after
the
water
gauge
is
measured.
Way
this
realize
water
gauge
produce
room
set
up,
equivalence low project
have , supply water and set up and in charge of
and set up
with water gauge office
results in aesthetic problems in stair. It
suitable for the South
warm district
kitchen, bathroom assign close to the houses of
positions of staircase.
2)The water gauge concentrates on being
set up among the water gauges( meter
box).
Person
who
give
when
supplying
water,
set
up
water
gauge
in
ground
floor( meter box) on falling, every
household watersupply to prop up and is in charge
of
applying
having
in
the
pipeline
well,
Southern
area
can
overcast
horn
place
lay
along
the outer wall in building too; Person who give
when supplying water, can set
up water
gauge in roof( meter box) under upgoing. This way
increases and supplies
water to prop up
In charge of and lay length, pipeline lay and
influence building to be
beautiful
along outer wall. Water gauge produce way choice
that family assign, must
combine house
kitchen, bathroom plane assign characteristic and
concrete request of
developer, Carry on
to several feasibility scheme the above economic
technology fix
after comparing.
Property well-managed medium-to-high grade
commodity apartment
of housing
district, can adopt and pass the water gauge far ,
It is that the water gauge
will use the
developing direction in the future; Estate
management perfect medium-
to-high
grade
commodity
apartment
of
housing
district,
can
adopt
magnetic
stripe
card water gauge( Company have this
kind district of business can design in running
water) Or concentrate on setting up it
among the water gauges( case); Southern area
unit type house can set up rest
platform office in stair with ordinary water
gauge, In
order to reduce the
fabrication cost.
3
4)
establishment
question
of
the
pot-type
boiler
Should
reserve
and
install
hot
water
supply terms of facility, set up hot water supply
facilities with when the design
of
house.
Have
and
concentrate
house
that
hot
water
supply
on
,
should
consider
house assign with installation position
and cold hot water pipeline of hot water device.
The pot-type boiler generally has three
kinds, such as gas, electricity, solar
energy,etc..
Whether
last
kitchen
gas
heater
and
electric
heater
or
Bathroom
inside,
give
when
draining
off
water
design
shoulding
reserve
installation
position
and
cold
hot
water
interface of pipeline
of water heater in advance in building, Install by
oneself when
convenient users fit up.
Solar energy and hot water It is simple and
convenient and
safe for device to use,
need fuel and electric power is low to run the
expenses, Have
long performance life,
pollution-free, received by the masses of users
favourably very
much, Many houses have
been small in recent
years The district
all install the solar
water heater at
the time of designing and construct. Solar water
heater install and at
the roof, need to
set up the cold hot water pipeline among bathroom
and water heater
of the roofing like
this generally, Consider installation of solar
water heater when the
design of house,
household can only lay cold and hot pipeline along
the building outer
wall
when
installing
in
the
future,
Increase
household
degree
of
difficulty
when
installing
like
this
,
increase
pipeline
make
the
investment,
influence
building
beautiful. Give
when draining off water the design needing to
solicit the developers
suggestion
first
in
building,
Interconnected
system
one
design,
construct
the
solar
water
heater
in
unison;
Reserve
solar
water
heater
and
cold
hot
water
installation
position of
pipeline in
advance only. The cold hot
water pipeline of the solar water
heater can be laid In the pipeline
well; Set up pipeline house of well , can set up
one
UPVC
drain
pipe
of
de110
as
solar
water
heater
hot
water
sleeve
pipe
of
pipeline
close to corner of
person who take a shower in bathroom, Set up a
de110 *75 three
direct links in each
hygiene interval ground, as connecting the entry
of cold and hot
water pipe
(
5)
air
conditioner
condensation
ink
discharge
the
issue
In
recent
years,
air
conditioner enter huge numbers of
families gradually, condensation water amorphous
to discharge the building outer wall of
pollution air conditioner have, Have influenced
a
beautiful
important
problem
of
biotope
already.
Building
give
when
draining
off
water
design
shoulding
consider
air
conditioner
condensation
ink
discharge
in
a
organized
way.
Concrete
method
can
machine
set
up
the
water
drain
pipe
of
the
condensation by the
position outside reserving air conditioner, Drain
off water and set
up and in charge of
and select PVC-U drain pipe de40 for use , reserve
three direct
links
of
draining
off
water
highly
in
each
air
conditioner,
It
is
convenient
for
air
conditioner to drain off
water hose insert directly.
译文来源：美国
PE
杂志建筑给排水工程师
2010
年第
10
期
4