-
九年级英语
Unit12
《
Life is full of the unexpected.
》知识点
本单元语法：过去完成时。
过去完成
时表示在过去某一时间点以前即
―
过去的过去
< br>‖
已经发生的动作。
Mr.
Black told me that he had seen the movie three
times.
⑴
过去完成时表示在
过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是
―
过去的过去
‖
。
⑵
过去完成时的结构是：肯定由
―
助动词
had(
用于各种人称和数
) +
过去分词
‖
构成
否定式：
had not +
过去分词
缩写形式：
hadn’t
⑶
过去完成时的时间状语：
①
表示过去某一时间可用
by,
before
等构成的短语。
by
the time by the end of
We
had finished our homework before 10
o’clock.
②
可能通过
when,
before
等引导的从句表示。
When I got there, the train had left.
③
过去某一时间通过上下文来表示。
Kate hadn’t studied hard, so she didn’t
pass the exam yesterday.
1.
unexpected
adj.
出乎意料的；始料不及的
expect
v.
expect/wish sb. to do
sth.
期盼某人做某事
the
unexpected
―
意外的事情
‖―
出乎意料的事
‖
。
the
＋
adj.
表示一类人或事物。
the homeless
(
无家可归者
) the
disabled(
残疾人
)
the
wounded(
战争中受伤的人
)
the
injured(
事故中受伤的人
)
the time+
时间状语从句
（
1
）时间状语从句的时态是一般现在时时（表示将来），主句用
将来完成时；
（
2
< br>）时间状语从句是一般过去式时，主句用过去完成时。
by the end of
+
时间点
（
1
）
+
过去的时间点，主句用过去完成
时；
（
2
）
+
将来的时间点，主句用将来完成时；
by+
时间点
（
1
）
+
现
在的时间点，主句用现在完成时；
（
2
）
+
过去的时间点，主句用过去完成
时；
（
3
）
+
将来的时间点，主句用将来完成时。
By the time you came back, I had
finished this book.
By the time Jane
gets home, her aunt will have left for Beijing.
By the end of last year, I had stayed
in Xinzheng for seven years.
By now, I
have finished all my homework.
eep
=sleep late v
睡过头
sleep → slept → slept
oversleep
—
overslept
—
overslept
–
What happened ?
—
I _____.
A.
oversleep
B. oversleeped
C. overslept
4. give sb. a
lift =give sb. a ride / give a rid
e to
sb. ―
捎某人一程
‖
，
The poor old woman was standing
in the middle of the road and asked someone to
___.
A. give him a ride B. give her a
ride C. enjoy a ride D. accept a ride
与
forget
的用法
:
(1) leave ―
遗留，落下，忘
记带
‖
，侧重指把某物或某人留在某个地方，后常跟地点状语；
(2)forget ―
忘记
‖
，侧重指忘记某件事情，后常跟
to do (
忘了要去做
)
或
doing (<
/p>
忘了做过
)
。
d
o
remember doing
?leave →
left → left v
离开
(1)leave sth +
地点
把某物遗忘在某地
(2)leave for +
地点
(
目的地
)
离开去某地
(3) leave
a message
留言
ask
for leave
请假
leave school
(
中学
)
毕业
remember to
(4)leave one by
oneself=leave sb. alone
把某人单独留下
< br>的特殊用法
―
这时，突然
‖
，用于四种结构
1)be doing
sth...when
I was thinking of this
when I heard my name called.
2)be on
the point of doing sth...when
She was
on the point of going out when the telephone rang
3)be about to do sth...when
We were about to start when it began to
rain.
4).sb. had
hardly/scarcely/barely done sth... when
We had hardly fallen asleep when the
bell rang.
另：
be about to
忙于；即将做某事。侧重于表示动作马上就要发生，常与
when<
/p>
引导的从句连用，但不与具体的
时间状语连用。
< br>
full of = be filled
with
充满，装满
fill…with..
The
basket is full of apples. = The basket is filled
with apples.
/go/come/be back to
school=return to school
意为
―
回到学校
‖
1)get back to
后接表地点的名词，意为
―
回到某地
‖;
2)get back to
后面接人
,
可引申为
―
回复某人的信件，电子
邮件，电话
‖
等
；
3)get back
还可表示
―
回来，返回，拿回，取回
‖
等含义。
4)give
back=return
归还
alarm clock didn’t go off!
go off
发出响声
,
(
闹钟
)
闹响
The alarm went off just now.
go over
复习
go away
离开
go by
(
时间
)
过去
go for a walk
出去散步
go on
继续
go + doing
去做某事
go fishing/s
hopping/skating/swimming
去钓鱼
/
去买东西
/
去溜冰
/
去游泳
out
冲出去，
冲出
…… wait in
line w
ith
意为
―
与
……
排队等候
‖st
and in line
站成一排
cut in line
插队
stare
at
凝视
in disbelief
不相信
turn/change into
变
land on
意为
―
着陆；降落于
‖be late
for
迟到
keep doing sth
一直
做
......wake up
醒来
wake-woke-woken
if / even though/ though/although
都可以引导让步状语从句。
Even
if =even though―
即使、纵然
‖
引出的从句叙述的是假设或把握很大的事情
tho
ugh―
虽然
‖
，引出的从句叙述的是
事实。
I will try even if I may
fail.
Though it was very late, he
went on working.
[
注
] though
和
but
不能同时出现在句中。
1)prep
（表示位置）在
…
正上方；（与
below
相对）
The moon is now above the trees.
2)prep
表示在地位、级别、能力、资历、重要性等方面
―
超过
‖
He is above me in every way.
3) adv. ―
在上面
;
在上文
‖
。
See the examples given above.
2000 meters above the sea level
海拔
2000
米
, living,
live
与
lively
lively
1
）
live ―
活着的
‖
，通常指物，不指人，常用来作定语放名词的前面
。还指
―
实况转播的
‖
。例如：
a live fish
一条活鱼。
Do you
like a live show or a recorded show ?
2
）
living
< br>意为
―
活着
‖
< br>强调说明
―
尚在人间
‖
，
―
健在
‖
，可用来指人或物，作定语或表语。例如：
.My first
teacher is still
living . English is a
living language .
A living language
should be learned through listening and speaking .
He is regarded as one of the best
living writers at present .
注意：
living
前加上
the ,
表示类别，指
―
活着的人们
‖
。例如：
The living
must finish the work of those dead .
living
还可用于短语，例如：
make a living by
doing
谋生。
3
）
alive
意为
―
活着
‖
，侧重说明生与死之间的界限
(
本来会死但没有死
)
，既可指人，也可指物；可用来作表语，后
置
定语或宾补。例如：
He is dead , but
his dog is still alive .
He wanted to
keep the fish alive.
This is a fish
alive.
4
）
lively <
/p>
则意为
―
活泼的
‖
，
―
活跃
‖
，
―
充满生气的
‖
，可作定语、表语或宾补，既可指人，又可指物。例如：
Jenny is a lively girl . Everything is
lively here .
这儿一切都生机勃勃。
He had a strange way of making his
classes lively and interesting .
live
物
定语
现场的
living
人
/
物
定语、表语
Make a living/the
living
alive
人
/
物
后置定语、表语、宾补
生与死的界限
lively
人
/
物
定语、表语、宾补
生气勃勃的
,
无活着的意思
1). Jin Yong is one of the greatest and
oldest
writer. He is still .
A. living; alive
B. living;
living
C. alive; living
D.
alive; lively
2).
—
Is his
grandmother still
?
—
Yes, she is 102
years old!
A. live
B. living
C. alive
D. Lively
off
在此
句中意为
―
起飞
‖
，
off
在此为副词表示
―
离开；走开
‖
。
take off
也有
―
脱下
‖
之意，此时
off
为介词，后可直接跟宾语。
Take off your coat. It's hot
outside.
脱下你的外套，外面炎热。
15. The other planes were full so I had
to wait till the next day.
till
意为
―
到，直到
‖
，相当于
until.
⑴用于肯定句时
,
主句的动词只用延
续性的，
它所表示的动作一直延续到
till
< br>或
until
表示的时间为止，
意为
―
直到
……
为止
‖
。
She watched TV till her mother came
back
⑵
用于否定句时，
主句的动词一般是非延续性的，
也可以是延续性的，
< br>它所表示的动作直到
till
或
until
所表示的时
间才发生，意为
―
直到
…
（才）
‖
。
She didn’t
watch TV till her mother came back.
April Fool’s Day
愚人节
make a fool
of sb.
愚弄某人
ass v
使尴尬
→embarrassed adj.
尴尬的
(
用来修饰人
)→em
barrassing adj.
令人难堪的（修饰物）
sb. to do sth
邀请某人做某事
invite
sb. to +
地点
邀请某人去某地
Thanks
for your invitation= Thanks for
asking/inviting me.
up
出席
on show =on
display
展览
show
off
炫耀
show sb.
around
带某人参观
show sb.
sth=show
sth to sb
向某人展示某物
tricks
on sb.
捉弄某人
play jokes on
sb.
对某人开玩笑
laugh
at
嘲笑
make fun of
取笑
It's impolite
to laugh at, stare at or play _____on disabled
people
A. fun
B.
jokes
C. tricks
D. parts
21. Many people
ran to their local supermarkets to buy as much
spaghetti as they could.
as
+adj./adv.+ as sb.
can / could = as +
adj./adv.+ as possible.
尽可能的
We must do everything as possible. = We
must do everything as well as we can.
out
卖光
（用物作主语时，常用于被动语态
be sold out
）
give out
分发
=hand
out
分发
work
out
解答出
（人）
run out of
用完
（物）
run out
用完
go out
出去
find out
查明
look out=be careful=take care
当心
take out
拿出
put out
熄灭
cut
out
删除
out, look
for
与
find
(1)find out
强调经过调查、询问、研究等曲折过程后才能找出。如：
Please find out when the train leaves.
(2)look for
意为
―
寻找
‖
，强调寻找的过程。
(3)find
意为
―<
/p>
发现，找到
‖
，强调寻找的结果。
up doing sth.
（以
…
）结束；
I
must make good use of my spare time, or I will end
up doing nothing.
end up
as
最终成为
He started
as an employee and ended up as head of the firm.
end up sth.
表示
―
结束某事
‖
The scientist ended up his speech at
last.
end up with sth.
（以
……
）结束
The
students began with speaking English, but ended up
with speaking Chinese.
at the end
of
在
…
末尾
in the end=at last=finally
最后
v
嫁娶
(1)A marry
B. ―A
与
B
结婚
‖Bill married Mary on January 1,
1994.
(2)A and B get married
= A and B are married
A
和
B
结婚
get
married
结婚
Kate
and Tom get married last year.
(3)
marry A to B ―
把
A
嫁给
B‖
She married her daughter to a rich man.
(4) be/get married to sb
与
……
结婚
26.(1)
当
hundred/
thousand/million/billion
前面有具体的数字时，用单数形式
(2)
当
hundred/
thousand/million/billion
后与
of
连用时用复数形式，
具体的不加
s
也不加
of
，不具体的加
s
也加
of
do you feel
about…?
= What do you think
of…?
= How do you
like…?
―
< br>你怎样看待
……?‖
用于提问对方对某事物的观点
短语
hea
r
可用作及物动词，表示
―
听到
‖
、
―
听见
‖
，侧重于听的结果。如：
I'm very sorry to hear that.
hear
后面还可以跟
that
从句
，
I hear that you've been here for
several years.
(2) hear of/about
是指间接地
―
听到
‖―
听说
‖
后接名词性质的词。如：
I have never heard of him
before.
我以前从来没有听说过他。
hear of
与
hear abou
t
的意义相近它们含有
―
听人说起
‖
，
―
从书报上看
到关于
‖
等意义
I’ve never heard of him.
我从来没有听说过他。
Have
you heard about him from
anywhere?
你从什么地方听到过他吗？
(3) hear from sb.=get/receive a letter
from sb.
指
―
收到
……
的来信
‖
其宾语应
是人，而不是信。如：
I often hear
from my parents.
我经常收到父母的来信。
/be dressed
穿衣服
wear
穿，戴（强调状态）宾语可以是衣帽，也可以是饰物、奖章等。
You’d better wear blue or black pants
with blown shoes.
put on
穿，戴（强调动作）后接衣服、鞋帽等。
I want you
to put on this coat and this hat.
dress
给
……
穿衣服宾语通常是人，
意思是
―
给
……
穿衣服
‖
。
dres
s oneself
或
get
dressed
表示给自己穿衣服。
It’s
time to wake up and get dressed!
in
后接表示衣服或颜色的词，着重于服装的款式或颜色。
它所构成的短语只能作表语或定语。
He was in a new
black coat.
The girl in red
is my sister.
用法
+
形容词
+sth/sb
+
形容词
+doing
一直做某事
/stop/prevent sb.
... from doing ...
阻止做某事。。。
a pet
饲养一个宠物
long may I keep this book
？
keep
指借。
由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：人教版初中英语短语归纳文档
下一篇：人教版九年级英语unit12 知识点