-
八年级重点语法句型
语法：
1
、动词
1
）情态动词（
modal
verbs)
情态动词可以用来表示“提议”
、
“建议”或“请求”等。
情态动词
should
作“应该；应当；可以”讲，用以表达
职责和义务、提出劝告，
而且表述的是自己的主观看法。其后动词接原型。例如：
a
用于表示
应该
或
不应该
的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。
例如：
You
should be here with clean hands.
你应该把手洗干净了再来。
b
用于提出意见劝导别人。例如：
You should go to the doctor if you feel
ill.
如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。
c
用于表示可能性。
should
的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如：
We should arrive by supper time.
我们在晚饭前就能到了。
She
should be here any moment.
她随时都可能来。
情态动词
could
用于有礼貌地向对方提出要求或请
求。
a.
表示“能力”或“可能性
”
，作为
can
的过去形式。如：
Could you speak English
then
？
那时你能讲英语吗？
He said
he couldn't follow me.
他说他跟不上我。
b.
表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等情绪。如：
Who could have taken
them
？
谁会把它们拿走了呢？
She
couldn't have left so soon.
她不可能这么快就走了。
在这种情况
下，
could
和
can
是可以换用的，用
could
时口气较缓和，用
can
时不
相信的程度更强一些，两者在时
间上没有差别。
c.
比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。如：
—
Could you let me have your
passport?
—
Yes, here it is.
—看看你的护照好吗？
—行，这就是。
I could
come earlier, if necessary.
如果必要我可以早点来。
这时
could
和
can
没有时间上的差别。
2
、过去进行时（
past
progressive tense
）
1
）过去进行时的定义
过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻
正在进行的动作，
或表示过去某一阶段一
直在进行的动作。如：
I
was having a talk with Li Hua at that time.
那时，我正在跟李华谈话。
I was watching TV at home
last night.
昨晚我一直在看电视。
2
）过去进行时的结构
过去进行时由“
was / were +
现在分词”构成。如：
I was doing my lessons
then.
那时，我在做功课。
We were cleaning the house.
我们在打扫房子。
3
）使用过去进行时应注意的几点
(1)
过去进行时可表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作。如：
He said they were leaving for Beijing
this afternoon.
他说他今天下午要去北京。
(2)
动词
hope, wonder
等的过
去进行时常用来表示提出要求，虽然表示现在
的内容，但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时
要委婉。如：
I was wondering whether you could come
to join us.
我想你能否过来跟我们一
起活动
?
(3)
过去进行时中有
always, forever,
continually, constantly
修饰时，
表
示说话
人的赞赏或厌烦的感情。如：
He was always thinking of others.
他总是想到人家。
3
、现在完成时（
present
perfect tense)
1
）表示截止现在业已完成的动作
By now, I have collected
all the data that I need .
到现在为止，我已收集到了我
所需
的全部资料。
She has
read 150 pages today .
她今天已看了
150
页。
We haven't
met for many years
.
我们已多年没见了。
They
have developed a new product
.
他们研制成功了一种新产品。
2<
/p>
）表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作
Have you had your dinner?
你吃晚饭了吗
?
She has
been to the United States.
她已去美国了。
You have
grown much taller.
你长高了许多。
3
）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续
It has been five years since he
joined the army .
他参军五年了。
They have learned English for eight
years .
他们已学了八年的英语了。
So far we've only discussed the first
five chapters.
至今我们还只讨论了前五章。
3
、连词
both
??
and:
表示“两者都??”
。注意：当
both
??
and
连接主语时，后面动
词一般要用复数。如：
Both Lily and Lucy are
right.
not
only
??
but
also:
“不仅??而且
??”
。注意：后面动词采用就近原则，
与
but also
后的词保持一致。
如：
Not only my parents but
also my brother likes the cat.
either
??
or:
“或者??或者??”
。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。如：
Either you
or I am wrong.
neither
??
nor:
“既不??也不??
< br>
是
“
either
??
or
的否定形式。谓
语动词
采用就近原则，与
nor
后的词
保持一致。
如：
Neither
you nor he is right.
4
、状语从句
状语从句专题—句法重点
状语从句是
中考词汇和句法部分考查的重点内容之一。
状语的功用：
状语说
明地
点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步等
在复习状语从句时
,
主要任务是弄清楚引导各种状
语从句的连词的用法。现就主
要考查点简述如下
:
1.
引导时间状语从句的连词
主要有
when, while, as, by the
time, before, after, since, till/until, as soon
as
等。
其中
when
while
和
as
都可表示
当??时候
但用法有区别
:
①
when
意为
在??时
;
当??时
可表示
点时间
或
段时间
从句谓语可以
是终止性动词
,
也可以是延续性动词。例如
:
When I got
home, he was having supper.
②
as
意为
边??边??
或
与??同时
重在表示两个动作同时发生。
伴随
进行。
as
从句是终止性动词时
,
主句通常
也必须是终止性动词。例如
:
They sang as they danced.
③
while
只可表示
段时间
从句谓语只限于延续性动词。例如
:
While I was sleeping, my
father came in.
注
:
从句谓语是持续性动词时
,when
、
while
和
as
可以互换
2.
引导原因状语从句的连词
原因状语从句一般由
because,
since,
as,
for
引导
?
注意
as,b
ecause,since
和
for
的
区别
:
①如果原因是构成句子的最主要部分
,
一般用
< br>because
。
because
引导的从句一
般不放在句子的开头。例如
:
I missed the
train because I got up late.
注
:
对于以
why
开头的问句
,
< br>一般只能用
because
引导的从句来回答。
②如果原因已为
人们所知
,
或不如句子的其余部分重要
,
就用
as
或
since
、
since
比
as
稍微正式一些。
as
和
since
引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如
:
As he
was not well,I decided to go there without him.
Since this
method doesn't work, let's try another.
③
for
表示所说的理由是一种补充说明
,
因此
,for
引导的从句可以放在括号里
,
而且
for
引导的从句一般不放在句子
的开头。例如
:
I decided to stop and have lunch, for I
was feeling quite hungry.
3.
引导结果状语从句的连词
主要有
s
o/such
?
that
?
,so that
等。
1)
so...that
结构在某种情况下可以与
enough
to<
/p>
和
too...to
结构相互转换。例<
/p>
如
:
She is
so short that she
can't
reach the buttons of the lift.
=She is
too
short to
reach the buttons of the lift.
2)so that
也可以引导结果状语从句
,
意为
结果是
;
以致于
< br>
。例如
:
They missed the bus so that
they were late for class. so...that...
”
句型的意思是
“如此
/
这么??以致于
??”
，
常引导结果状语从句，
但
“
so...that...
”
是个爱
“变
脸”句型，你一不留意就会出错。
“
so...that...
”句型及其转
换也是中考的热点，
现将其用法总结归纳如下，让我们一起来看看它是怎样变的吧。
注意：
so... that...
句型中的
so
是副词，
常常用来修饰形容词或副词，
常用句型为：
主语
+
谓语
+so+adj. / adv. +
that
从句。例如：
1. he is so young that she can't look
after herself.
2. The boy
ran so fast that I couldn't catch him.
3. He was so angry that he couldn't say
a word.
在
“
such... that...
”
句型中，
such
< br>修饰名词，
意思也是
“如此??以致于??”
但当名词前有
many
、
much
、
(a)
few
、
(a) little
等词修
饰时，
句子中要用
“
so...tha
t...
”
而不能用“
such...
that...
”
。例如：
1. He has so much money
that he can buy what he wanted.
2. I've had so many falls that I have
pains here and there.
3.
There is litte water in the glass that I can't
drink any more.
4
引导目的状语从句的连词
so that
也可引导目的状语从句
,
此时可用
to
或
in order to
替换
,
将
其改为简单句。
例如
:
He got up early so that he
could get to school on time. =He got up early to
get to
school on time. =In order to get
to school on time,he got up early.
5.
引导让步状语从句的连词
though, although
注意：
当有
though, although
时，后面的从句不能有
but
，但是
though
和
yet
可连用
Although it's raining, they are still
working in the field.
虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。
He is very old, but he
still works very hard.
虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。
Though the sore be healed,
yet a scar may remain.
伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。
（谚语）
6.
引导条件状语从句的连词
要点：
表示状语从句由连词
if, unless (=if
not)
引导。
it doesn
’
t rain
tomorrow, we will go hiking.
如果明天不下雨
,
我们就去远足
.
will get
good grades if you study hard.
如果你努力学习<
/p>
,
就会取得好成绩
.
3.I will go to the party unless he goes
there too.
我不会去参加聚会的
,
除非他也去
.(
如果他不去
,
我也不去
.)
难点提示：用条件状
语从句时要注意时态的正确使用
,
当主句是将来时的时候
,
从
句要用一般现在时
.
7
．引导地点状语从句的连词
(1)
地点状语从句由
where
，
wherever
，引导，如：
We must camp where we
can get water.
我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。
（
2
）地点状语从句与定语从句的区别
where
引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词；而状语从句
前则无需先行
词。如：
Go back where you came
from.(where
引导地点状语从句
)
你从何处来到何处去。
Go
back to the village where you came
from.(where
引导定语从句，修饰
village)
回到你来的那个村子里去。
重点语法：一般将来时态的应用
do/does
的一般将来时态形式：
(shall/will) do
do/does
的一般将来时态的被动语态：
(shall/will) be
done
一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：
肯定句例句：
People will have
robots in a few years.
否定句例句：
People (will
not/won't) have robots in a few years.
一般疑问句例句：
Will people have
robots in a few years?
特殊疑问句例句：
What will people
have in a few years?
重点语法：过去将来时态（将来时态的委婉说法）
do/does
的过去将来时态形式：
(should/would) do
do/does
的过去将来时态的被动语态：
(should/would)
be done
过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：
肯定句例句：
You should write a
letter to him.
否定句例句：
You
shouldn't write a letter to him.
一般疑问句例句：
Should I write a
letter to him?
特殊疑问句例句：
What
should I do?
重点语法：过去进行时态
do/does
的过去进行时态形式：
(was/were) doing
do/does
的过去进行时态的被动语态：
(was/were)
being done
过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式：
肯定句例句：
I was walking down the
street when a UFO landed.
否定句例句：
I wasn't walking down
the street when a UFO landed.
一般疑问句例句：
Were you walking
down the street when a UFO landed?
特殊疑问句例句：
What were you doing
when a UFO landed?
动词
when
和
while
的选择：
when
后加瞬间动词，
while
后加延续性动词。
例句：
The boy was walking down
the street when the UFO landed.
=While the boy was walking down the
street, the UFO landed.
感叹句
结构：
(1) How + adj. + the +
主语
+
谓语动词
=(2) What + (a/an) + [adj.] + n. +
主语
+
谓语动词
例句：
What a beautiful flower
[it is]!
=How beautiful
the flower is!
What beautiful flowers [they are]!
=How beautiful the flowers
are!
重点语法：宾语从句
结构：主语
+
谓语动词
+
宾语从句
(
主语
+
谓语动词
+
宾语
/
表语
)
例句：
----I'm good at English.
He says. (
改为加宾语从句的复合句
)
----He says I'm
good at English.
注意：①主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。
例句：
He says I'm good at
English now.
He
says I was good at mathematics when I was young.
②主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。
例句：
He said I was good at
mathematics when I was young yesterday.
He said I was
good at English now yesterday.
③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。
例句：
Our teacher says 24 hours
make a day.
Our teacher
said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday.
④动词原形不能作主语，必须用其
-ing
形式。
例句：
She said helping others
changed her life.
重点语法：
if
引导的条件状语从句
结构：主句
+ if +
条件状语从句
if +
条件状语从句
+
[(comma)] +
主句
注意：在
if
引导的条件状语从句中，主句应用将来时态，状语从句用一般现在
时态。
例句：
You'll have a
great time if you go to the party.
=If you go to the party, you'll have a
great time.
重点语法：现在完成进行时态
do/does
的现在完成进行时态形式：
have/has been
doing
do/does
的现在完成进行时态的被动语态：
have/has been
being done
现在完成进行时态所应用的场合：
①某事从过去发生一直持续到现在都在做
②过去发生的动作对现在造成影响
例：我已上了三年初中。
I
have been in Junior School for 3 years.
自从那次他与我谈过心后，我天天都在进步。
I have been making progress since he
talked with me that time.
现在完成进行时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式：
肯定句例句：
I have been skating
for five hours.
否定句例句：
I
haven't been skating for five hours.
一般疑问句例句：
Have you been
skating for five hours?
特殊疑问句例句：
How long have you
been skating?
注意：瞬间动词不能和一段时间连用。
重点语法：
mind
[one's] doing sth.
介意（某人）做某事
重点语法：询问别人为什么要做或者不做某事
why don't you
do sth. = why not do sth.
例句：
Why don't you get her a
camera? = Why not get her a camera?
what about = how about
例句：
How about some tennis
balls? = What about some tennis balls?
重点语法：现在完成时态
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