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大学英语六级考试语法

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2021-02-26 05:38
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2021年2月26日发(作者:chemist)



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大学英语六级



语法重点讲解




英语六级语法重点讲解



特殊的虚拟语气词——


should


1




It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…


结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用


should


加动


词原形,



should


可省略。



句型:



(1)suggested


(2)It



is



important



that…+ (should) do



(3) a pity


(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required,




demanded, requested, insisted




+ (should) do


(2)important, necessary, natural, strange



a pity,




a shame,




no wonder


(3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.


It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.



2


)在宾语从句中的应用


< p>
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。


order, suggest, propose, require, demand,


request, insist, command, insist + (should) do


I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.


He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.


注意:




suggest, insist


不 表示



建议



或< /p>



坚持要某人做某事时


,即它们用于其本意



暗示、


表明< /p>





坚持认为



时,宾语从句用陈述语气。



The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.


判断改错


:


(错)



You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.



(



)




Your pale face suggests that you are ill.



(



)




I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.



(



)




I insisted that you were wrong.



3


)在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用








suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice


等名词后面的表语从句、

同位语从句中要



2



用虚拟语气,即(


should



+


动词原形。



My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.


I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.



一般现在时代替完成时



1)


有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时:



hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say,



remember.



I hear (= have heard) he will go to London.



I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is.


2)


句型




代替




3) It is (= has been) five years since we last met



不定式的特殊句型


so



as



to


1




表示目的;它的否定式是


so as not to do







Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.







汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。






Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.





轻点进去,别惊醒了婴儿。



2)



so kind as to ---


劳驾






Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?





劳驾,现在几点了。




None



few



some



any



one



ones

的用法



一、



none






1) none


作主语,多与


of


构成短语



none of




在答语中,

< br>none


可单独使用。





Are there any pictures on the wall?



None.




2) none


作主语,谓语动词单 复数均可。但如做表语,则其单复数与表语一致。



It is none of your business.



二、


few


一些,少数




3




few


作主语时,谓语动词用复数,多用于肯定句。




三、


some


一些





1)


可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。





2)


当做



某一



解时,也可与单数名词连用。



= a certain






You will be sorry for this some day.




总有一天,你会后悔这件事的。





A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule.


某些人不同意你的看法。



注意:



(1)


在肯定疑问句中用


some


代替


an y




(2)some


用于其他句式中


:




a.


< /p>


肯定疑问句中:说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答时。


Would


you like


句式中,表委婉请求或建议,如:





Would you like some coffee?




b.



在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时,如:





If you need some help



let me know.




c.




some


位于主语部分


,




Some students haven‘t been there before.





d.



< /p>


当否定的是整体中的部分时,


some


可 用于否定句。如:





I haven‘t heard from some of my old friends these years.





这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信。




四、


any


一些



1)



any


多用于否定句和疑问句和条件状语从句中。当句中含有 任何的意思时,


any


可用于


肯定句。



Here are three novels. You may read any.



这有三本小说,你可任读一本。




五、


one, ones


为复数形式




4




on es


必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前,则用


some, any


,而不用


ones




Have you bought any rulers?



Yes



I ‘ve bought some.




Only


在句首要倒装的情况



Only in this way, can you learn English well.


Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.


如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装



Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.



不定代词

< p>
every



no



all



both



neither



nor

< p>
的用法



1


)不定代词有


all , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other,


some, any , one, no


以及


some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody,


anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone.


等。




2




不定代词的功能与用法



a.




every


no


外不定代词既可用作名词,也可用作形容词。


ever y



no


在句中只能作


定语。



I have no idea about it.


b.



all


都,


指三者以上。


all

< p>
的主谓一致:


all


的单复数由它所修饰或指代的 名词的单复数决


定。



All goes well.




一切进展得很好。



all


通常不与可数名词单数连用,如:不说



all the book


,而说



the whole book


。但


a ll


可与表


时间的可数名词单数连用,如



all day



all night



all the year




但习惯上不说



all hour



all


century< /p>



all


还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连 用,如



all China




all the city




all my life




all the way



3





both



都,指两者。



a.



both


与复数动词连用,但



both… and…


可与单数名词连用。



b.



both, all


都可作同位语,其位置在行为动词前,



be


动词之后。如果助动词或情态动词



5



后面的实义动词省



去,则位于助动词或情态动词之前。



Who can speak Japanese?




We both (all) can.



4




neither



两者都不



a.



neither


作主语时,谓语动词用单数。



b.


作定语与单数名词连用,但


neither…


nor


用作并列连词,可与复数名词连用。其谓语采


用就近原则。



c.



可用于下列句型,避免重复。



She can‘t sing



neither (can) he.



neither



nor


d.



如前句是否定式从句,则主句用


neither


,而不用



nor




If you don‘t do it



neither should I.



如果你不干,我也不干。



e.


如后连续有几个否定句式,则用


nor


,不用


neither




He can‘t sing



nor dance



nor skate.



比较


may



might


1




表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;


may


放在句首,表示祝愿。





May God bless you!




He might be at home.




注意:



might


表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比


may


小。



2




成语:



may/might as well


,后面接不带


to


的不定式 ,意为



不妨







If that is the case, we may as well try.



典型例题



Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn‘t very sure yet.



A. must




B. may




C. can




D. will


答案


B.


表可能性只能用


may.



此句意可从后半句推出。






6



though, although


的用法



注意:



当有


though, although


时,后面的从句不能有


but


,但是



though



yet


可连用



Although it‘s raining, they are still working in the field.



虽然在下雨,但他们仍在地里干活。



He is very old, but he still works very hard.


虽然他很老,但仍然努力地工作。



Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.


伤口虽愈合,但伤疤留下了。



(谚语)




典型例题



1




___she is young, she knows quite a lot.


A. When



B. However




C. Although




D. Unless


答案:


C


。意为虽然她 很年轻,却知道许多。




2)



as, though


引导的倒装句



as / thoug h


引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前(形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前)




Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.


= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.


注意:



a.



句首名词不能带任何冠词。




b.



句首是实义动词,其他助动词放 在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一


起放在主语之前。



Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.


= Though he tries hard, he never seems…



虽然他尽了努力,但他的工作总做的不尽人意。




3)



ever if, even though.



即使



We‘ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.




4) whether…or


-




不管


……





7



Whether you believe it or not, it is true.



5)




疑问词




疑问词


+


后缀

ever


No matter what happened, he would not mind.


Whatever happened, he would not mind.



替换:


no matter what = whatever


no matter who = whoever


no matter when = whenever


no matter where = wherever


no matter which = whichever


no matter how = however



注意:


no matter


不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。



(错)


No matter what you say is of no use now.


(对)


Whatever you say is of no use now.


你现在说什么也没用了。


(Whatever you say


是主语从句


)


(错)


Prisoners have to eat no matter what they‘re given,



(对)


Prisoners have to eat whatever they‘re given.



囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。





so do I


谈起







两人对话,


乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出



反应。


例如:



Do you like it? -- Yes



I do.


这同样适用于陈述句的场合:



You worry too much



-- No



I don‘t.


在后一种情况 下,乙


方也能




do


+主语



之类


的结构表示看法。







例如甲 方说



我喜欢苹果



,乙方



如果想表示



我也喜欢苹果



,英语可以说:





A



I like apples.




B



So do I



(=



I like apples



too


。< /p>







这里的


so


在意义上相当于


in the same way


,即同样、



也那样,作简短反 应表示同样看


法时常用之。




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