-
约克安特卫普规则
1994
(
< br>YORK-ANTWERP RULES, 1994
)
In the adjustment of
general average the following Rules shall apply to
the exclusion of any Law and
Practice
inconsistent therewith.
共同海
损理算,适用下列规则,凡与这些规则相抵触的法律和惯例都不适用。
Except as provided by the
Rule Paramount and the numbered Rules, general
average shall be adjusted
according to
the lettered Rules.
除首要规则和数字规则已有规定者外,共同海损应按字母规则理算。
RULE
PARAMOUNT
首要规则
In no case shall there be any allowance
for sacrifice or expenditure unless reasonably
made or incurred.
牺牲或费用,除合理做出或支付者外,不得受到补偿。
RULE
A
规则
A
There
is
a
general
average
act
when,
and
only
when,
any
extraordinary
sacrifice
or
expenditure
is
intentionally and reasonably made or
incurred for the common safety for the purpose of
preserving from
peril the property
involved in a common maritime adventure.
只有在为了共同安全,
使同一航程中的财产脱离危险,
有意而合理地做出特殊牺牲或支付特殊费用
时,
才能构成
共同海损行为。
General average sacrifices
and expenditures shall be borne by the different
contributing interests on
the basis
hereinafter provided.
共同海损牺牲和费用,应按下列规定,由各分摊方分摊。
RULE
B
规则
B
There is a common maritime adventure
when one or more vessels are towing or pushing
another vessel or
vessels, provided
that they are all involved in commercial
activities and not in a salvage operation.
如果船舶拖带或顶推其他船舶而它们都从事商业活动而不是救
助作业,则处于同一航程之中。
When measures are taken to preserve the
vessels and their cargoes, if any, from a common
peril, these
Rules shall apply.
如果所采取的措施是为了使这些船舶及其货物(如果有)脱离
共同危险,则应适用本规则。
A
vessel is not in common peril with another vessel
or vessels if by simply disconnecting from the
other
vessel or vessels she is in
safety; but if the disconnection is itself a
general average act the common
maritime
adventure continues.
如果一艘船舶只要脱离其他船舶便能获得安全,
则同其他船舶不处于共同的
危险之中,
但如果脱离本身是共同海
损行为,则共同航程继续存
在。
RULE
C
规则
C
Only such losses, damages or expenses
which are the direct consequence of the general
average act shall
be allowed as general
average.
只有属于共同
海损行为直接后果的损失或费用,才应作为共同海损。
In no case shall there be any allowance
in general average for losses, damages or expenses
incurred in
respect of damage to the
environment or in consequence of the escape or
release of pollutant substances
from
the property involved in the common maritime
adventure.
环境损害或因同一航程中的财产漏出
或排放污染物所引起的损失或费用不得认作共同海损。
Demurrage, loss of market, and any loss
or damage sustained or expense incurred by reason
of delay,
whether
on
the
voyage
or
subsequently,
and
any
indirect
loss
whatsoever,
shall
not
be
admitted
as
general average.
不论是在航程中或其后发生的滞期
损失、
行市损失和任何因迟延所遭受的损失或支付的费用以及任何间接损失都
不得认作共同海损。
RULE D
规则
D
Rights to contribution in
general average shall not be affected, though the
event which gave rise to the
sacrifice
or expenditure may have been due to the fault of
one of the parties to the adventure, but this
shall not prejudice any remedies or
defences which may be open against or to that
party in respect of
such fault.
即使引起牺牲或费用的事故,
p>
可能是由于航程中某一方的过失所造成的,
也不影响要求分摊共同海
损的权利,
但
这不妨碍非过失方与过失方之间就此项过失可能提
出的任何索赔或抗辩。
RULE
E
规则
E
The onus of proof is upon the party
claiming in general average to show that the loss
or expense claimed
is properly
allowable as general average.
提出共同海损索赔的一方应负举证责任,证明所索赔的损失或
费用应作为共同海损。
All
parties claiming in general average shall give
notice in writing to the average adjuster of the
loss or
expense in respect of which
they claim contribution within 12 months of the
date of the termination of
the common
maritime adventure.
所有提出共同海
损索赔的关系方应于共同航程终止后十二个月内将要求分摊的损失或费用书面通知海损理算师。
< br>
Failing such
notification, or if within 12 months of a request
for the same any of the parties shall fail to
supply evidence in support of a
notified claim, or particulars of value in respect
of a contributory interest,
the average
adjuster shall be at liberty to estimate the
extent of the allowance or the contributory value
on the basis of the information
available to him, which estimate may be challenged
only on the ground
that it is
manifestly incorrect.
如不通知或
经要求后十二个月内不提供证据支持所通知的索赔或关于分摊方的价值的详细材料,
则海
损理算师可
以根据他所掌握的材料估算补偿数额或分摊价值。除非估算明显不正确,否则
不得提出异议。
RULE
F
规则
F
Any additional expense incurred in
place of another expense which would have been
allowable as general
average shall be
deemed to be general average and so allowed
without regard to the saving, if any, to
other interests, but only up to the
amount of the general average expense avoided.
凡为代替本可作为共同海损的费用而支付的额外费用,
可作为共同海损并受到补偿,
无须考虑对于其他有关方有
无节省,但其数额不得超过被代替的共同海损费用。
RULE
G
规则
G
General average shall be adjusted as
regards both loss and contribution upon the basis
of values at the
time and place when
and where the adventure ends.
共同海损损失和分摊的理算,应以航程终止的时间和地点的价
值为基础。
This rule
shall not affect the determination of the place at
which the average statement is to be made
up.
本条规定不影响对编制海损理算书地点的决定。
When a ship is at any port
or place in circumstances which would give rise to
an allowance in general
average
under
the
provisions
of
Rules
X
and
XI,
and
the
cargo
or
part
thereof
is
forwarded
to
destination
by
other
means,
rights
and
liabilities
in
general
average
shall,
subject
to
cargo
interests
being
notified
if
practicable,
remain
as
nearly
as
possible
the
same
as
they
would
have
been
in
the
absence
of
such
forwarding,
as
if
the
adventure
had
continued
in
the
original
ship
for
so
long
as
justifiable under the contract of
affreightment and the applicable law.
船舶在任何港口或地点停留,
而根据
规则十和十一的规定将发生共同海损补偿时,
如果全部货物或其中的一部分
用其他运输方式运往目的地并已尽可能通知了货方,
则共同海损的权利和义务
,
将尽可能地如同没有此一转运而
是在运输合同和所适用的法律
所许可的时间内可以由原船继续原航程一样。
The proportion attaching to cargo of
the allowances made in general average by reason
of applying the
third paragraph of this
Rule shall not exceed the cost which would have
been borne by the owners of
cargo if
the cargo had been forward at their expense.
因适用本条第三款,
认作共同海损补
偿而由货物分摊的部分不应超过假如由货主承担费用把货物转运至目的港所
应支付的费用
。
RULE I.
JETTISON OF CARGO
规则一
抛弃货物
No jettison of cargo shall be made good
as general average, unless such cargo is carried
in accordance
with the recognised
custom of the trade.
被抛弃的货物,
除非按照公认的海运习惯运送,不得作为共同海损受到补偿。
RULE II LOSS OR DAMAGE BY
SACRIFICES FOR THE COMMON SAFETY
规则二
为了共同安全做出牺牲所造成的损失
Loss of or damage to the property
involved in the common maritime adventure by or in
consequence of a
sacrifice made for the
common safety, and by water which goes down a
ship’s hatches opened or other
opening
made for the purpose of making a jettison for the
common safety, shall be made good as general
average.
为了共同安全做出牺牲或其后果和为了共同安全进行抛弃而开舱或打洞以致进水,造成共同航程中的财
产的损
失,应作为共同海损受到补偿。
RULE III. EXTINGUISHING
FIRE ON SHIPBOARD
规则三
扑灭船上火灾
Damage done to a ship and cargo, or
either of them, by water or otherwise, including
damage by beaching
or
scuttling
a
burning
ship,
in
extinguishing
a
fire
on
board
the
ship,
shall
be
made
good
as
general
average; except that no compensation
shall be made for damage by smoke however caused
or by heat of
the fire.
为了扑灭船上火灾,因水或其他原因使船舶、货物遭受损坏,包括将着火船舶搁浅或凿沉所造成
的损坏,均应作
为共同海损受到补偿。但由于烟熏或因火引起热烤所造成的损坏除外。<
/p>
RULE IV. CUTTING
AWAY WRECK
规则四
切除残余部分
Loss or damage sustained by cutting
away wreck or parts of the ship which have been
previously carried
away or are
effectively lost by accident shall not be made
good as general average.
<
/p>
因切除由于意外事故原已折断或实际上已经毁损的船舶残留部分所遭受的损失,不得作为共
同海损受到补偿。
RULE V.
VOLUNTARY STRANDING
规则五
有意搁浅
When a ship is intentionally run on
shore for the common safety, whether or not she
might have been
driven
on
shore,
the
consequent
loss
or
damage
to
the
property
involved
in
the
common
maritime
adventure shall be allowed in general
average.
船舶无论是否
势必搁浅,如果为了共同安全有意搁浅,因此所造成的共同航程中的财产的损失应认作共同海损。
RULE VI. SALVAGE
REMUNERATION
规则六
救助报酬
(a)
Expenditure
incurred
by
the
parties
to
the
adventure
in
the
nature
of
salvage,
whether
under
contract
or
otherwise,
shall
be
allowed
in
general
average provided
that
the
salvage
operations
were
carried
out
for
the
purpose
of
preserving
from
peril
the
property
involved
in
the
common
maritime
adventure.
(1)
航程中各有关方所支付的救助
费用,不论救助是否根据契约进行,都应认入共同海损,但以使在同一航程中
的财产脱离
危险而进行的救助为限。
Expenditure
allowed
in
general
average
shall
include
any
salvage
remuneration
in
which
the
skill
and
efforts
of the salvors in preventing or minimising damage
to the environment such as is referred to in
Art.13 paragraph 1(b) of the
International Convention on Salvage, 1989 have
been taken into account.
认入
共同海损的费用应包括
1989
年国际救助公约第
13
条第
1
款
(
b
)
所述的考虑到救助人
在防止或减轻环境损
害中的技艺和努力而付给救助人的任何救助报酬。
< br>
(b) Special
compensation payable to a salvor by the shipowner
under Art. 14 of the said Convention to the
extent specified in paragraph 4 of the
Article or under any other provision similar in
substance shall not
be allowed in
general average.
(
2
)根据上述公约第
14
条第
4
款或任何其他实质上类似的规定由船舶
所有人付给救助人的特别补偿不得认入
共同海损。
RULE VII. DAMAGE TO
MACHINERY AND BOILERS
规则七
机器和锅炉的损坏
Damage
caused
to
any
machinery
and
boilers
of
a
ship
which
is
ashore
and
in
a
position
of
peril,
in
endeavouring to refloat, shall be
allowed in general average when shown to have
arisen from an actual
intention to
float the ship for the common safety at the risk
of such damage; but where a ship is afloat
no loss or damage caused by working the
propelling machinery and boilers shall in any
circumstances be
made good as general
average.
在船舶搁浅并
有危险的情况下,
如经证明确是为了共同安全,
有意使机器、<
/p>
锅炉冒受损坏的危险而设法起浮船舶,
由此造成任何机器和锅炉的
损坏,应认入共同海损,但船舶在浮动状态下因使用推进机器和锅炉所造成的损失,
在任
何情况下都不得作为共同海损受到补偿。
RULE VIII. EXPENSES LIGHTENING A SHIP
WHEN ASHORE,AND CONSEQUENT DAMAGE
规则八
减载搁浅船舶所引起的费用和损坏
When a ship is ashore and cargo and
ship’
s fuel and stores or any of them
are discharged as a general
average
act, the extra cost of lightening, lighter hire
and reshipping (if incurred), and any loss or
damage
to the property involved in the
common Maritime adventure in consequence thereof,
shall be admitted as
general average.
作为共同海损行为而卸下搁浅船舶
的货物、船用燃料和物料时,其减载、租用驳船和重装(如果发生)的额外费
用和由此造
成共同航程中的财产的任何灭失或损坏,都应认作共同海损。
RULE IX. CARGO, SHIP’S MATERIALS AND
STORES USED FOR FUEL
规则九
用作燃料的货物、船用材料和物料
Cargo, ship’s materials and stores, or
any of them, necessarily used for fuel for the
common
safety at a
time of
peril shall be admitted as general average, but
when such an allowance is made for the cost of
ship’s materials and stores the general
average shall be credited with the estimated cost
of the fuel
which would otherwise have
been consumed in prosecuting the intended voyage.
在遭遇危险时,为了共同安全的需要,用作燃料的货物、船用
材料和物料,应认作共同海损,但船用材料和物料
费用受到补偿时,为完成原定航程本应
消耗的燃料的估计费用,应从共同海损中扣除。
RULE X. EXPENSES AT PORT OF REFUGE,
ETC.
规则十
在避难港等地的费用
(a)When a ship shall have entered a
port or place of refuge or shall have returned to
her port or place of
loading in
consequence of accident, sacrifice or other
extraordinary circumstances which render that
necessary
for
the
common
safety,
the
expenses
of
entering
such
port
or
place
shall
be
admitted
as
general
average;
and
when
she
shall
have
sailed
thence
with
her
original
cargo,
or
a
part
of
it,
the
corresponding expenses
of leaving such port or place consequent upon such
entry or return shall likewise
be
admitted as general average.
(1)
船舶因遭遇意外事故、牺牲或
其他特殊情况,为了共同安全必须驶入避难港、避难地或驶回装货港、装货地
时,
其驶入这种港口或地点的费用,
应认作共同海损;
其后该船舶装载原装货物或其一部分驶出该港口或地点的
相应费用,也应认作共同海
损。
When a ship
is at any port or place of refuge and is
necessarily removed to another port or place
because
repairs cannot be carried out
in the first port or place, the provisions of this
Rule shall be applied to the
second
port
or
place
as
if
it
were
a
port
or
place
of
refuge
and
the
cost
of
such
removal
including
temporary repairs and towage shall be
admitted as general average. The provisions of
Rule XI shall be
applied to the
prolongation of the voyage occasioned by such
removal.
船舶在某一避
难港或避难地不能进行修理而需转移到另一港口或地点时,
此第二港口或地点应视作避难
港或避难
地适用本条的规定。
此项转移费用,
< br>包括临时修理和拖带费用,
应作为共同海损。
因此项转移
而引起的航程延长,
适用规则十一的规定。
(b)The cost of handling on
board or discharging cargo, fuel or stores whether
at a port or place of loading,
call or
refuge, shall be admitted as general average, when
the handling or discharge was necessary for
the common safety or to enable damage
to the ship caused by sacrifice or accident to be
repaired, if the
repairs were necessary
for the safe prosecution of the voyage, except in
cases where the damage to the
ship
is
discovered
at
a
port
or
place
of
loading
or
call
without
any
accident
or
other
extraordinary
circumstances connected with such
damage having taken place during the voyage.
(
2
)在装
货、停靠或避难港口或地点在船上搬移或卸下货物、燃料或物料的费用,应认作共同海损,如果这种
搬移或卸载是共同安全所必需,
或者是为了使船舶因牺牲或意外事故所造成的
损坏得以修理,
而且此项修理是安
全地完成航程所必需的。
p>
但如果船舶的损坏是在装货或停靠港口或地点发现的,
而且航程中没
有发生过与此项损
坏有关的任何意外事故或其他特殊情况,则不在此列。
The cost
of
handling
on
board
or discharging
cargo,
fuel or
stores shall not
be
admissible as general
average when incurred solely for the
purpose of restowage due to shifting during the
voyage, unless such
restowage is
necessary for the common safety.
只是为了重新积载在航程中移动的货物而产生的在船上搬移或卸下货物、
燃
料或物料的费用,
除非该项重新积载
是共同安全所必需的,不得
认作共同海损。
(c)
Whenever the cost of handling or discharging
cargo, fuel or stores is admissible as general
average,
the costs of storage,
including insurance if reasonably incurred,
reloading and stowing of such cargo, fuel
or stores shall likewise be admitted as
general average. The provisions of Rule XI shall
be applied to the
extra period of
detention occasioned by such reloading or
restowing.
(
3
)当货物、燃料或物料的搬移或卸载费用可认作共同海损时,该货物、燃料或物料的存储费,包
括合理支付
的保险费、重装费和积载费也应认作共同海损。规则十一适用于重装或重新积
载所引起的额外停留期间。
But
when the ship is condemned or does not proceed on
her original voyage, storage expenses shall be
admitted as general average only up to
the date of the shi
p’s condemnation or
of the abandonment of the
voyage or up
to the date of completion of discharge of cargo if
the condemnation or abandonment takes
place before that date.
但是,
如果船舶报废或不继续原定航
程,
认作共同海损的储存费只应计算至船舶报废或放弃航程之日为止。
< br>如果
船舶在卸货完毕以前报废或放弃航程,则应计算至卸货完毕之日为止。
RULE XI. WAGES AND
MAINTENANCE OF CREW AND OTHER EXPENSES BEARING UP
FOR AND IN
A PORT OF REFUGE, ETC.
规则十一
驶往和停留在避难港等地的船员工资、给养和其他费用
(a)Wages
and
maintenance
of
master,
officers
and
crew
reasonably
incurred
and
fuel
and
stores
consumed during the
prolongation of the voyage occasioned by a ship
entering a port or place of refuge or
returning to her
port
or place of
loading
shall be admitted as
general
average when the expenses
of
entering such port or place are
allowable in general average in accordance with
Rule X(a).
(
1
)如果船舶驶入避难港、避难地或驶回装货港、装货地的费用依照规
则十(
1
)的规定可认作共同海损,则由
此而引起的航程延长期间合理产生的船长、高级船员和一般船员的工资、给养和消耗的燃料、物料,也应认作共
同海损。
(b)When
a ship
shall
have
entered
or
been
detained
in
any
port
or place
in
consequence
of
accident,
sacrifice or other
extraordinary circumstances which render that
necessary for the common safety, or
to
enable
damage
to
the
ship
caused
by
sacrifice
or
accident
to
be
repaired,
if
the
repairs
were
necessary for the safe prosecution of
the voyage, the wages and maintenance of the
master, officers and
crew reasonably
incurred during the extra period of detention in
such port or place until the ship shall or
should have been made ready to proceed
upon her voyage, shall be admitted in general
average.
(
2
)由于意外事故、牺牲或其他特殊情况,船舶驶入或停留在任何港口或地
点,如果是为了共同安全的需要,
或者是为了使船舶因牺牲或意外事故所造成的损坏得以
修理,
而且此项修理是安全地完成航程所必需的,
则在此
种港口或地点额外停留期间,
直至该船舶完成或应能完成继续航行的准
备工作之时为止合理产生的船长、
高级船
员和一般船员的工资和
给养应认入共同海损。
Fuel
and stores consumed during the extra period of
detention shall be admitted as general average,
except such fuel and stores as are
consumed in effecting repairs not allowable in
general average.
额外停留期间消耗的燃料、物料,应作为共同海损,但为进行不属于共同海损的修理所消耗的燃料、物料除外 。
Port charges
incurred during the extra period of detention
shall likewise be admitted as general average
except such charges as are incurred
solely by reason of repairs not allowable in
general average.
额外停留期间的港口费用也应认作共同海损,但仅为进行不属于共同海损的修理而支付的港口费用除外。 p>
Provided that
when damage to the ship is discovered at a port or
place of loading or call without any
accident or other extraordinary
circumstance connected with such damage having
taken place during the
voyage, then the
wages and maintenance of master, officers and crew
and fuel and stores consumed and
port
charges
incurred
during
the
extra
detention
for
repairs
to
damages
so
discovered
shall
not
be
admissible
as general average, even if the repairs are
necessary for the safe prosecution of the voyage.
如果船舶的损坏是在装货或停靠港
口或地点发现的,
而且航程中没有发生过与此项损坏有关的任何意外事故或其
他特殊情况,
则在修理上述损坏的额外停留期间所支付的船长、
高级船员和一般船员的工资、
给养和消耗的燃料、
物料和港口费用不得认作共同海损,即使这项修理是安全的完成航程所必需的。
When the ship is condemned
or does not proceed to her original voyage, the
wages and maintenance of
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