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,北师大高一英语知识点

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2021-02-26 14:48
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2021年2月26日发(作者:jaunt)


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北师大版高中英语



知识概要与语法总结




必修一



1.


共有三个单元



2.


各单元知识点


< br>第一单元:


一般现在时,现在进行时,


be going to


第二单元:


一般过去时,过去进行时,现在完成时



第三单元:


被动语态,情态动词



3.


全书单词数量为:


204




词组数量为:


44 < /p>


北师大版高一英语必修一第


1


单元





.

< p>
重点句法词法。



Lesson 1


1.


疑问句


+do


you


think+


述句结构。


该句式常用来询问对方对某


事的意见或想法。


Do you think


在句中作插入语。除了


thin k


以外,动词


believe, imagine, suppose, guess, suggest


等也


常用于该句式。



Who do you think will give us a talk next week?


你觉得下


星期谁给我们做报告?



What do yor think he will do tomorrow?


你认为他明天会做


什么?



.


.



2.


I think



but


…常用来表达先是肯定然后转折。



I


thought


he


should


come


by


air,


but


he


preferred


to


drive


is new car.


我以为他会坐飞机来,但他更愿意驾驶他的新车。




ng.


Relaxing


是由及物动词


relax+ing


构成的形容 词,


意思是“轻松的,令人放松的”



Boring



relaxing


的构 词法


相同,意思是“令人厌烦的,单调乏味的”




Relaxed



放松的 ”



bored


< br>无聊的”


常用来修饰人;



re laxing



boring


均表示“ 令人……”


,常修饰物。



Mary felt relaxed to make a relaxing conversation with a


good friend, while Peter got bored with a lot of boring


homework to do.


和一个好朋友的轻松交谈让玛丽感到很放松,


而要做很多无聊的作业使 彼得感到很厌烦。



The


teacher


said


something


relaxing


to


get


him


relaxed,


so


Peter


decided


to


do


something


satisfying


to


make


the


tacher


satisfied.


老师对他说了一些让人放松的事情使他放松,


于是彼


得决定做点 儿令人满意的事情让老师满意。




e


(认为,猜想)的用法。



(1)suppose+that


从句,表示“猜测,假定”

< p>



.


.


I suppose that you are right..


我想你是对的。



(2)


supose+


名词


/


代词


+to be



表示“认为……是……”



Many people suppose him to be over 50.< /p>


许多人认为他已经


50


多岁了。



(3)suppose/supposing


作“假定,设想”讲,相当于连词


if.


Suppose you are wrong,what will you do then?


假如你错了,


你将会怎样做呢?



(4)


be supposed to


“被期望做……,应该做……”表示劝告、


建议、义务、责任等,相当于情态动词


should.


Am I supposed to clean all the rooms or just this one?



是应该打扫所有房间呢还是只这一间?



They were supposed to be here an hour ago.


(5)


用于简略答语中。



-Do you think we



ll have good weather this weekend?



认为周末天气会好吗?



-I suppose so/


not.

我想会吧


/


我想不会。




e.


Imagine

< p>
常用于祈使句,


表示一种假设或设想的情况,


用法 和意


义与


suppose


基本一样。< /p>



Imagine you marry such a lazy man.


想象一下你跟一个这样


懒惰的人结婚。



.


.


(1)


imagine (doing)


something.


想象(做)某事。



She imagined walking into the office and handing in her


report.


她想象着自己走进办公室,递上报告。



(


2)imaging sb. Doing sth.


想象某人做某事



I just can imagine him saying that!


我确实能想象到他那么


说!



(3)imagine sb./sth.(to be)


认为 某人


/


某事……



Don



t imagine your husband to be always wrong.


(4)imagine+that


从句



想象,误认为



Your can



t imagine he should make such a mistake.


你不到


他竟然犯了这样的错误 。




-three-year-ol d


是复合形容词,作定语,其中


year



能用复数。



The Eiffel Tower in Paris is a 120-year-old building.



黎的埃菲尔铁塔是一座有着


120< /p>


年历史的建筑。



注意:



1



复合形容词中


,被修饰的中心词与动词为


主谓关系



该动词用现在分词形式



或动词与其修饰的中心 词之间存在


被动


关系,则该动词用过去分词形式。



English-


speaking


countries


讲英语的国家



a horse-


drawn


carriage


一辆马车



(2)


复合形容词中若含有句词,名词往往用单数形式

< br>


.


.


a three- year-old child


一个三岁的孩子



a three-hour- drive


开车三小时的行程




7.



turn


相 关短语



turn on


打开(自来水、电灯、煤气、无线电等)



turn off


关掉(自来水、电灯、煤气、无线电等)



turn up


把音量调大;出现、露面



turn down


把音量调低;拒绝



turn in


上缴,归还



turn out


结果是,证明是



turn over


翻转,翻身



turn to


转向,求助于





到……(时间、地点)为止



He stayed here until twelve o



clock.


他在这里一直待到十


二点。



Until


还可以作连词


not



until


…意思是“直 到……才……”



He


will


not


give


you


any


answer


until


he


has


thought


it


over.


他对此事仔细考虑之后才会给你答复。




8.


与“开、关”有关的词



(1)open/close/shut



do or, window, box, book,eyes


等连用



.


.


(2)switch on/off


多与


radio, TV, light, computer


等连用



(3)turn on/off



switch on/off


更通俗,多与


radio, gas,


water


等连用。




9.


while

引导时间状语从句,意思是“当……的时候,与……同


时”


,表示两个动作同时进行或两种状态同时存在。



He was still studying while the others were sleeping.


While


还可以表示“然而、却”


,连接两 个并列句,含有


对比



意味。



Many


people


try


their


best


to


help


the


homeless


while



some


just


stand by.



很多人尽力于帮助那些无家可归的人,而有些人只是< /p>


袖手旁观





10.


couldn



t do



without




这是一个双重否定结构。



Without


your


help,


I


couldn



t


have


made


such


great


progress then.


没有你的帮助,我不可能取得那么大的进步。




11.



g o


有关的相关短语



go about


着手干;四处走动;


(故事等)流传



go against


反对;违背;对……不利



go over


检查;复习



.


.


go on with


继续



go without


没有……而勉强应付;没有……也行



go away/out


离开;出去



go after sb./sth.


追求某人


/


谋求某事



go thro ugh


审查,检查,


经过,度过;经历(痛苦、困难等)



go in for


参加(考

< p>
试或比赛)


;爱好



go wrong/mad


出毛病


/


疯了



go by


时光流逝;顺便走访




12


.It takes sb. Some time to do sth.


It takes some time for sb. To do sth.


这两个句型是固定句型,意思是“某人花费多少时间做某事”




13.



g et+


过去分词”构成系表结构,


通常强调动作的发生,也


可指状态的变化。此类结构还有:



get lost


迷路



get dressed


穿衣



get hurt


受伤



get paid


得到报酬



get married


结婚




14.


动词不定式作后置定语。


当被修饰的名词或代 词有序数词、


.


.


形容词最高级或


next,


last


only


等限定词时,要使用动词不定


式作定语。



I am always



the first person


to get t


o the office.


我总


是第一个到办公室。



Miss Brown is


the last person


to rise t


o speak.


布朗小姐


是最后一个站起来发言的人。




15.



t ake


有关的短语



take up


占据



take turns


轮流



take off


起飞



take over


接收,接管



take in


欺骗,收留



take down


记下



take on


呈现;雇用




15.


be filled with


充满着,相当于


be full of



fill



up with


用……装满,填满



fill in


填写;度过(时光)




16.


so+


形容词或副词

+that


…引导结果状语从句,意思是“如


此……以至于 …


…”



.


.


(1)s


o that=in order that


He works very hard so that he can buy his own apartment.


他努力工作,为的是能 买一套自己的公寓。



(2)


such



that


作“如此……以至于


”讲,连接一个表示结果的


状语从句。



He


was


such


an


honest


man


that


he


was


praised


by


the


teacher.


他非常诚实,因而受到了老师的表扬。

< p>


注意:如果后边的名词前由


many, much,few, little


等词修饰


的话,则不用


such


而用


so.


但当


little


的意思表示“


sm all



young


”时,仍然使用< /p>


such



that

…结构。





组成的短语



bring back


拿回,带回,恢复,使……想起



bring down


降低,使下降



bring up


扶养,养育



bring in


引起,带来,赚钱,赢利



bring out


使显露,生产



bring about


使发生,导致




18.


complain to /of sth.


向某人抱怨


/


诉苦 …





complain about sth. to sb.


向某人抱怨某事



She is always complaining about something.


她总是满腹


.


.


牢骚







Lesson 2


1.I find painting or drwing very relaxing


这 句用的是“


find+


宾语


+


宾语补足语”结构



类似的结构有:



Find+


宾语


+


形容词


/


副词



Find+


宾 语


+


名词



F ind+


宾语


+


现在分词


/


过去分词


/to be


不定式



Find+


宾语


+


介词短语



She woke up and found herself in a hospital bed.





lay/place/put stress on


把重点放在……上




place



happen, occur


的用法区别



take p lac


e:


指按计划、安排“发生”




举行,进行



,相当于


hold


happen



指偶然、意外的“发生”




碰巧”


,后面接动词不定式


< br>occur


作“


发生


”解,一般 可与


happen


互换。


Occur< /p>


还表示“想


.


.


起、想到”



It happened that the driver was his cousin.


那位司机碰巧


是他的表弟。



When


will


the


basketball


game


take


place?


篮球赛何时举行?



The idea occurred to him in a dream.





suffer from


Suffer:


意为“遭受(痛苦、损失)


”< /p>


,其宾语为


pain, loss,


punishment, wrong, hardship




S


uffer from:


指遭受战争、自然灾害带来的苦难及患病之苦



They suffered a great loss in the earthquake.


在地震中,


他们遭受了重大损失。



They suffered from all kinds of diseases in those years.


那些年他们身患各种各样的病。






to



表示“减少


到…


…”


;其中介词


to


表示“减少后


的结果 ”



reduce



by


表示“减少



……”


;其中介词


by


表示“减少的程

< p>
度或幅度”




6.I can



t stand talking in front of others.




talking in front of others< /p>


”为动名词短语作


stand


的宾


.


.







< p>










consider,


admit,


avoid,


practise, appreciate, risk, imagine




We


are


considering


buying


a


new


car.


我们在考虑买一辆新车。



She tried to avoid answering my questio ns.


她试图避而不答


我的问题。




sth./doing sth.


更喜欢……



Prefer to do sth..


宁愿做某事



Prefer sth./doing sth. to sth./doing sth.


宁愿……而不


愿……




Prefer sb. To do sth..


宁愿某人做某事




Prefer to do sth. rather than do


宁愿……而不愿……



Prefer that sb. (should) do sth.


宁愿某人做某事





Lesson 3


eer



1


)作名词,表示“志愿者”常接介词或不定式



The


volunteers


for


community


service


are


doing


a


good


job.


社区服务的志愿者做得很出色。



(< /p>


2



作动词,表“自愿去做”常跟


to do


不定式



.


.


The young man volunteered to help the old man.


那个年轻


人主动去帮助那位老年人。



V


oluntary: adj.


自愿的,志愿的



She does voluntary work for the Red Cross.


她自愿义务为


红十字会工作。




2.


pay attention to


…注意,留心,重视,


相当于


fi x one



s


attention on/upon


Draw/attract one



s attetion (to)

引起某人的注意;使某


人注意……






Lesson 4


1.


连词


befo re


引导的时间状语从句



I



m always tried before I arrive at work.


这样每天到办


公室前,我就 已感到很疲倦。



连词


before< /p>


的常见用法:




1



it


will


be/was+


时间段


+before+


时间状语从句:过了(一


段时间)……才……



It was quite a few years before he finally finished his


novel.



< br>好














2



It


won



t


.


.


be/was


n’


t+





+before+















就……



It won



t be long before we meet again.



3


)强调从句动作还没有发生,主句动作就发生了,作“还没


来 得及


/


没等……就”讲



Before I could sit down he offered me a cup of tea.


没等


我坐下,他就给我端上一杯茶。




4


)趁着……



Try to grasp the opportunity before it is too late.


趁现


在还不晚,一定要抓住机会。




2.


有关


make sure


的短语



(1)


make sure that+


宾语从句



注意:


make sure


后面常接


that


引导的宾语从句,后接名词时


需加介词


of/about


一般不用不定式,没有


make


sure


to


do


sth.


的句型。



(2) b


e sure to do sth.


务必


/


一定会做某事



(3)


be


sure


of/about



be


sure


that+


从句,表示肯定 ……,


对……有把握




ally, specialy, particularly


especially:


意为“尤其、特别地”


< p>
用来加强语气,


常用在所强


.


.


调的主语、介词短语、形容词、副词及状语从句前。



specially:


意这“特意的,专门地



。强调不广泛,是专门为某


一目的而进行的特地行为。



Particularly



=in particular


“特别的,尤其



;表过某事不


寻常、过分或特别重要。常


用于修饰名词、介词 短语。




4.


at the moment


此刻,目前,常用于现在进行时



For the moment


暂时,目前



For a moment


片刻,一会儿



In a moment


立刻,马上



The moment


“一……就……”



< /p>


5.


not



a nymore



no more


意思想同,表示“不再…


…”



Hurry up! I can



t wait anymore. = Hurry up! I can no more


wait..


快点,我不能再等了。




6.


as a result


因此,结果



As a result of +n./pron.


由于…




Result in


导致,造成……结果



Result from


起因于,由于



Without result


毫无结果地,徒劳地




.


.


7.c


ome up with


提出,想出(计划、主意等)



Come across


偶然遇到



Come about


发生,产生



Come out


(花儿)开放;出,发行;



Come true


成真,变成现实




8. include



contianin


Include


作“包含”解时,其后的宾语只是整体中的一部分

,侧


重于围



Contain



“包含”


解时,


其后的宾语指的是整体的全部或部分,


侧重于容



The bottle contains two glasses of beer.


这瓶子能装两杯啤


酒。



Six people were killed, including a child. 6


人死亡,其


中包括一句小孩。




9.


“主语


+be+said/thought/believed/supposed



+


动词不定















< br>…







”It


is/was+sai d/thought/believed/supposed



+that


从句”



It is said that Sydney is beautiful.




10


.make a difference


:有关系,有影响



.


.


Make no difference:


没有影响



Make some difference


:有一些影响








.


语法



1.


一般现在时



构成和句式:



肯定式:主语


+do/does


或< /p>


be(me/is/are)+


其他


< /p>


否定式:主语


+do/does+not



be(me/is/are)+not+


其他



疑问式:


Do/Does



Be(am/is/are)+


主语


+


其他



用法:




1


)表


示现 在发生的动作或存在的状态。



You look good in this new suit.



2

< br>)


表示经常性,习惯性的动作或存在的状态。


常与


usually,


often, always, every day, sometimes, once a month, never


等连用。



I often feel cold at this time of year.



3


)表


示普遍真理和客观存在的事实。



But it is spring now. It is warm in spring.



4


)表示计 划


、安排好的将来动作。常用表示位置转移的动词。


.


.



go, come, arrive, leave, start, begin


等。



The train leaves a 3:30 p.m.



5




时间或条件状语从句中,


用一般现在时代替一般将来时




We



ll go to the park


if i


t does not rain tomorrow.




2.


现在进行时



构成和句式:



肯定式:


主语


+ be(me/is/are)+doing+


其他



否定式:主语


+ be(me/is/are)not+doing+


其他



疑问式:


be(me/is/are)+


主 语


+doing+


其他



用法:




1



表示正在时行的动作




Peter, what are you doing there?



2


)表示现阶段正在进行而此刻不一 定进行的动作。



We are studying Spanish this semester.



3


)表


示将要发生的动作,


< br>一般跟时间状语,表明动作发生的


时间。常见的动词有


a rrive, begin, come, go, leave,start,


stay


等。



He is leaving for London next week.



4



表示发展中或 正在改变的情况



The weather is getting colder and colder.


.


.



5


)< /p>









always ,


forever,


continually,


constantly


等副词喧嚣用,表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作,


含有抱怨、赞叹、厌倦等感情色彩。



He is always changing his mind.



6



用于动词


hope, want,



wonder


等,表示一种比一般现


在时态更委婉的证


据。< /p>



I am wondering if you can lend me your bike.



3


.


一般将来时



构成及用法:



1




will+


动词原形



,常用来表示


将来 存在的状态、将要发生


的动作;


还可表示一种没有经过仔细考虑 的主观意图,


可能是在


说的当时才作出的决定。



It will be my birthday in two days.


I will buy you a new car for your birthday.



2




be going to+


动词原形”


:可以表示


近期的打算,常用来


表示事先已经 决定或安排


要做的事,


常译为


“准备做 ……”



“打


算做……”


;还可以表示“有迹象表明或预示着……”




How are you going to spend your weekend?



3


< p>
现在进行时表示将来:现在进行时往往表示计划好或准备


要做的事。若用一 些表示位置转移的终止性动词,如


go,


come,leave, start, begin, take


等,则表示马上要做某事。



.


.


I’


m taking the kids to the zoo this Sunday.



4


一般现在时表示将来:主要指严格按昭原定计划、时刻表


将要发生的事情;


在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中,


用一般现


在时表示将来。



I will return your car I you remember to buy a new car for


my birthday.



5




be


to+


动词原形”


表示将来:这种结构表示计划中约定的


或按职责、义务和要求必须做的事或即将发生的动作。



I am to do some shopping.


(< /p>


6




be


about


to+


动词原形”表示将 来:


这一结构表示眼下马


上要发生,不强调主观,一般不能与具 体的时间状语连用。



Oh, the store is about to close.


北师大版一轮复习必修一



单元练习


Unit 1


Lifestyles


1



—How’s


your


t


our


around


the


North


Lake



Is


it


beautiful?



It ________ be



but it is now heavily polluted.



A



will B



would


C



should D



must


2



The


train________


arrive


at


11



30



but


was


an


hour


late.


A



was about to B



was likely to


C



was supposed to D



was certain to


3



Progress


so


far


has


been


very


good.________



we


are


sure


.


.


that the project will be completed on time.


A



However B



Otherwise


C



Therefore


D



Besides


4



During the war



he________ much pain.


A



is suffered B



suffered


C



was suffered


D



was suffered from


5



I


would


keep


my________


from


that


dog



if


I


were


you



it


will bite.


A



space B



distance


C



length


D



reach


6



The old lady came in



________ herself with a walking


stick.


A



raising B



supporting


C



lifting


D



rising


7



Ladies


and


gentlemen



please


switch________


your


mobile


phones



The plane is taking off.


A



over B



on


C



to D



off


8


.—


Would you like me________ the radio a bit?



No



it’s


all


right.I’m


used


to________


w


ith


the


radio________.


A



to


turn


up


work



on B



to


turn


down



working



.


.


off


C



turning up

< p>


working



of f


D



to turn down



working



on


9



After studying in a medical college for five years



Jane________ her job as a doctor in the countryside.


A



set out B



took over


C



took up D



set up


10


.—


Four dollars a pair


?I think it’s a bit too much.




If you buy three pairs



the price for each will________


to three fifty.


A



come down B



take down


C



turn over D



go over


11



When


day


broke



we


found


ourselves________


on


the


shore.


A



lying B



lain


C



lay


D



to lie


12


.—


Have you finished your homework?



Yes .________




A



How about you B



How come


C



How so D



How about it


13


.—


John



Is this bag yours?




is


the


same


bag________


I


lost



did


you find it?


.


.


A



which B



as


C



that D



so


14



________ about the economic crisis that he decided to


look for more information about it.


A



So curious he was B



So curious was he


C



Such curious he was D



Such curious was he


15



Does_______ matter whether he can finish the job on


time




A



this B



that


C



he D



it





北师大版高一英语必修一第


2


单元



Warm-up



的用法



calm down


平静下来



keep


clam/remain calm


保持冷静



calm oneself down


使自己镇静下来



词汇辨析:



calm


:


平静的


,沉着的,指无风浪或人的心情不激动



You should keep calm even in face of danger.


.


.

< p>
quiet:


宁静的,


安静的

。指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、


忧虑



Could


you


keep


the


kids


quiet


while


I



m


on


the


phone?


still:


静止的,


不动的


,指没有运动或动作的 状态



Keep still while I brus your hair.


silent:


寂静的,沉 默的,


不出声的


。指没有声音或不讲话。



He was silent for a moment, then began his answer.



us


慷慨的,大方的



be generous to


sb


.


对某人


宽容



be generous with


sth.(


用钱等


)


大方



It is/was generous of you to take so much interest in my


work.


He is always generous with money when his friends turn to


him for help.



3.


character: n


性格 ,品质


。一般用来指人的性格特征。



character


istic



ad j


特征的,特性


。一般用来指一事物与他

物区别的不同的特征。



Lucy


and


Lily


are


twins,


but


they


have


different


characters.


A characteristic of this species is the blue stripes.


.


.




Lesson 1



.


句法与词法



1.


多个词一 起修饰一个名词,其顺序通常为:


限定描绘大长高,


形状年龄和 新老,颜色国籍出材料,作用类别往后靠。



The


old


lady


wants


to


buy


a


beautiful


red


Chinese


silk


dress


for her daughter as a present.


In the middle of the room stands a beautiful round wooden


table.



2.


choose from:


从……中挑选



choo se



as



:


挑选……作为……




te


v.


(使)分离;


(使)分开;分手


adj.


单独的;独


立的



词汇辨析:



separate:


表示


“将……与……分开”



指把原来


连在一起


或靠近


的 分隔开来



separate



from


…把……和……分开



It



s impossible to separate belief from emotion.


信仰和


感情是分不开的。



.


.


divide


< br>往往指


把某个


整体


划分为若干部 分



divide


< br>into


…把……分成……



The


world


is


divided


into


seven


continents


and


four


oceans.< /p>


世界分成七和


4


大洋。

< br>



e of


…由于……,因为……



后面常跟 名词、代词、动名词。


because


是连词,引导从句



He failed the final game because of his carelessness.


=He failed the final game because he was careless.


I come back because of the rain.




Liwei


had


several


tasks


to


complete


during


the


flight and only slept in the spaceship for about 3 hours.


本句中不定式


to complete


作后置定语修饰


tasks


,由于


ta sks


作其宾语,


不定式动词又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关 系,



以不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。

如果没有这种主谓关系,



不定式需要用被动形式。



I have got a letter to write.


The manager has a letter to be typed. < /p>


当不定式作表语形容词的状语,又和句中的主语构成动宾关系


时,


这时用不定式的主动形式表被动意义。


常可以样用的形容词


一般有:


easy,


difficult,


hard,


pleasant,


nice,


interesting


.


.


等。



The grammar book is difficult to understand.


The task is necessary to finish in time.



6


.Yang


Liwei


showed


the


flags


of


China


and


the


United


Nations,


expressing


the wishes of the Chinese people to


explore and use space peacefully.


Expressing the wished of the


……


.


为现在分词短语用作伴 随


状语,


与句子主语之间构成上的主动关系。

< br>


They came into the classroom, following the little boy.


现在分词除了可作伴随状语, 还可作方式、条件、原因、让步、


结果、时间状语。



Her


mother


died,


leaving



her



with


four


younger


brothers


and


sister.


(表结果)



Being too old, he couldn



t walk that far.


(原因状语)




7.


let


out

< br>释放


,放开;


泄露


(秘密、消息 等)


;发出(叫喊等)



放宽,放大( 衣服等)



They were let out of prison last month.


let alone


更不用说



let down


使某人失望



The baby can



t ever walk, let alone run.


.


.


I’


m afraid she


let


us


down


.



n


s


of



hundred, thousand, million, dozen


等以


单数形式


存在时,


其前常用表示


具体数量的词或


severa l, some, many


等修饰





hundred, thousand, million, dozen


等以


复数形式


存在时,


其后要加


of


,但前面

不能用表示数量的


词修饰。




9.


wave


v.


挥手致意,招手;起伏


n.


波浪,挥手



wave at/to sb.


向某人挥手


/


摆手



wave sth. at sb.


向某人挥动某物



wave goodbye to sb.= wave sb. goodbye.


向某人挥手告别






to


…太… …而不能……



在此结构中,


too< /p>


后面跟形容词或副词,


to


后面跟动词原 形



该结构还可以拓展为


too



for sb.


to…



(1)



too


后的形容词是表示心情的形容词时,



glad,


pleased,


surpised, happy, eager, anxious

< br>等,此时,


too


相当于


ver y



very much.


I’


m too glad to meet you.


见到你我非常高兴。



(2)


too



to


…与


never, not


等连用时,也表示肯定意义。



It is never too late to mend.


亡羊补牢未为晚也。



.


.


(


3)a little, a bit, rather, a lot, all, much


等都可以修

< p>


too



表示不同的程 度。


Very, fairly, quite, pretty


等词


不能用来修饰


too.


Joan tried on the skirt. It was a bit too big for her.


=at


that


time


这时,在那时(表示动作发生的突然性)



in


one



s opinion


在某人看来



ally(


就自己而言,就我个人而言


), as far as I


(在


我看来)



13.


be equal to


……



与……相等


/


平等



be equal to (doing) sth.


胜任


(做)某事



14. struggle to do sth.


努力去做某事



struggle to one



s feet


挣扎着站起来



struggle against


与……作斗争



+


反对的对象



struggle for


为(争取)……而斗争


/


奋斗



+


目的




struggle with



1< /p>


)与……作斗争,



2

< br>)和……一起搏斗



v.


判断,断定;估计,评价



judging from/by


……根据……判断



content to do sth.



(



)


……满意



be content with sth.



n


.


技术,技能,技巧



skilled


adj.



有技能的,熟练的;需要特殊技能的



be skilled in


熟悉


/


擅长……



.


.


adj.


习惯的,使用过的



useful adj.


有用的,有益的



useless adj


无用的



uselessness n.


无用,


无效





二.重点语法


1



一般过去时



构成和句式:



构成

< br>:主语


+


动词过去式



be(was, were)


句式



否定句


not


加在


di d



be


后,


疑问句把


did



be


提到主


语前。



用法:




1




表过去某一时刻


发生的动作



存在的状态


,常与表示


过去的时间状语连用。



I visited the Water Cube a month


ago


.


< p>
2


)表示过去一段时间经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。



We sometimes went to swim


last


summer.



3


)表示过去相继发生的一系列的连续动作。



He got up, washed his face, and went to school by bus.



4


)在时间、条件、让步、方式等从句中表示过去将来的动作。



Tom said he


would come



if


I


promised


to wait for him.


.


.



5



used to do



would do


表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。



I


used to


leave for work a 7:30.



6

)在虚拟证据中表示现在或将来的情况,


常和


could, would


等连用。



If I had time, I would go and visit you.



7



和一般过去时连用的时间状语有


two


weeks


ago


,


yesterday


,


last


week,



the


other


day,



during


the


night,



in


ancient


times,


once upon a time,


in


those days, earlier this month


等。



Mr Smith came to see you just now.



2


.过去进行时



构成和句式:



构成:


waswere+doing


句式:


否定句


not


加在

< p>
be


,疑问句把


be


提到 主语前



用法:




1




表示过去某一时或过去某一阶段正在进行的动作


< br>


I was watching the football match


at this time yesterday.




2


)表示另外一个动作发生的时间背景




It was snowing when they got to the top of the mountain.



3

)可与


always, forever,


continually, constantly


等副词


连用,表示过去反复出现的或习惯性的动作,带有感情色彩。



She was always ringing me up when I was in London. (


表示


.


.


厌烦


)



4



go, come, leave, start, arrive



位 移动词


可用


过去进


行时表示过去将来< /p>


的含义。



Nobody


knew


whether she


was coming.



5


)和过去进行时连用的时间状语有


at that time, at this


time last Sunday, at 2 o



clock yesterday afternoon, all


morning, the whole night


等。



What were you doing at this time last night?



过去进行时与一般过去时的区别:



一 般过去时常表示在过去某


时发生的动作或存在的状态


(包括



去习惯性动作)



过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻



在进行的动作< /p>





Lesson 3 Sports Stars


on


融洽相处,进展



He gets on well with his classmates.


get on well with


也可以说成


get along well with,


后接


sb.


表示“与某人相 处得好”


;接


sth.


表示“某事进展 如何”




get through< /p>


通过(考试等)


;接通()



get away


走开,离开



.


.


get away from


摆脱



get around


四处走动;说服



get in


收割



get over


恢复过来;克服



get together


聚集,相聚




then


“从那以后”


,相当于


from then on,


可以放在句


子开头或末尾。



Since then, he has developed another bad habit.


Since


的基本用法



(1)


prep.


< br>“自……以来”


,后面接名词或名词性短语,


经常与现< /p>


在完成时连用。



I have been there many times since the war.


(2 )conj.


“自……以后,自……以来”


< br>后面接时间状语从句,


从句中一般用一般过去时,主句中用现在完成时。



Ten


years


has


passed


since


I


graduated


form


the


university.


意 为“因为,既然”


,引导原因状语从句。



Since


you


misunderstood


Alice,


you


should



say


sorry


to


her.



3.


look back


回首,回忆



有关

< p>
look


的短语小结



look back on


回忆……



.


.


look out (for...)


当心(


……)



look through


浏览



look up


查阅


;向上看



look down upon/on...


轻视



look forward to


sth.


盼望……




e v.


比赛,竞赛



compet


ition



n.


比赛



compet


itor


n.[c]


竞争者,对手,比赛者



compet


itive


adj.


竞争的,有竞争力的



in competition with


和……竞争


/


比赛



compete in


参加……比赛



compete for


为……竞争


/


比赛



compete against/with sb.


与某人竞争




that


以便于



(1)so that


既可以表


结果,也可表目的。



I hired a boat so that I could go fishi ng.


我租了一条船,


为的是可以去钓鱼。


(2)so...that...


结构中,



so+


形容词


/


副词”


位于句首时,句子


用倒装结构。



So hard does he work that he seldom goes home.


他工作那么


.


.


努力,几乎不回家。




adj.


热心的;渴望的



He is keen on winter sports.


Be keen on


喜欢


;热衷于



Be keen (for sb.) to do sth.


渴望(某人)做某事



I wasn



t keen on going to the party.


我不太想去参加这次


聚会。



I



m not keen to go again.


我不太想再去了。




to


an end


结束,终止



达成



at the end of ...


在……尽头;在……末端



in the end


终于;最后



by the end of...


到……末



come to an end


结束



put an end to...


结束,使终止



at the end


结束;终结



bring...to an end


使……结束



注意:


come to an


end


是不及物动词短语,不能跟宾语,而


put


an end to



bring...to an end

< br>均为及物动词短语,后可跟宾


语。



I hope the war will come to an end soon.


.

-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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