-
.
北师大版高中英语
知识概要与语法总结
必修一
1.
共有三个单元
2.
各单元知识点
< br>第一单元:
一般现在时,现在进行时,
be going
to
第二单元:
一般过去时,过去进行时,现在完成时
p>
第三单元:
被动语态,情态动词
p>
3.
全书单词数量为:
204
个
词组数量为:
44 <
/p>
北师大版高一英语必修一第
1
单元
一
.
重点句法词法。
Lesson 1
1.
疑问句
+do
you
think+
述句结构。
p>
该句式常用来询问对方对某
事的意见或想法。
Do you think
在句中作插入语。除了
thin
k
以外,动词
believe, imagine,
suppose, guess,
suggest
等也
常用于该句式。
Who do you think will give us a talk
next week?
你觉得下
星期谁给我们做报告?
What do yor think he will do tomorrow?
你认为他明天会做
什么?
.
.
2.
I think
…
but
…常用来表达先是肯定然后转折。
I
thought
he
should
come
by
air,
but
he
preferred
to
drive
is new car.
我以为他会坐飞机来,但他更愿意驾驶他的新车。
ng.
Relaxing
是由及物动词
relax+ing
构成的形容
词,
意思是“轻松的,令人放松的”
。
Boring
和
relaxing
的构
词法
相同,意思是“令人厌烦的,单调乏味的”
。
Relaxed
“
放松的
”
和
bored
“
< br>无聊的”
常用来修饰人;
而
re
laxing
和
boring
均表示“
令人……”
,常修饰物。
Mary
felt relaxed to make a relaxing conversation with
a
good friend, while Peter got bored
with a lot of boring
homework to do.
和一个好朋友的轻松交谈让玛丽感到很放松,
而要做很多无聊的作业使
彼得感到很厌烦。
The
teacher
said
something
relaxing
to
get
him
relaxed,
so
Peter
decided
to
do
something
satisfying
to
make
the
tacher
satisfied.
老师对他说了一些让人放松的事情使他放松,
于是彼
得决定做点
儿令人满意的事情让老师满意。
e
(认为,猜想)的用法。
(1)suppose+that
从句,表示“猜测,假定”
。
.
.
I suppose that you are right..
我想你是对的。
(2)
supose+
名词
/
代词
+to
be
…
表示“认为……是……”
Many people suppose him to be over 50.<
/p>
许多人认为他已经
50
多岁了。
(3)suppose/supposing
作“假定,设想”讲,相当于连词
if.
Suppose
you are wrong,what will you do then?
假如你错了,
你将会怎样做呢?
(4)
be supposed to
“被期望做……,应该做……”表示劝告、
建议、义务、责任等,相当于情态动词
should.
Am I supposed to clean
all the rooms or just this one?
我
是应该打扫所有房间呢还是只这一间?
They
were supposed to be here an hour ago.
(5)
用于简略答语中。
-Do you think
we
’
ll have good weather this
weekend?
你
认为周末天气会好吗?
-I suppose so/
not.
我想会吧
/
我想不会。
e.
Imagine
常用于祈使句,
表示一种假设或设想的情况,
用法
和意
义与
suppose
基本一样。<
/p>
Imagine you marry such a
lazy man.
想象一下你跟一个这样
懒惰的人结婚。
.
.
(1)
imagine (doing)
something.
想象(做)某事。
She
imagined walking into the office and handing in
her
report.
她想象着自己走进办公室,递上报告。
(
2)imaging sb. Doing sth.
想象某人做某事
I just
can imagine him saying that!
我确实能想象到他那么
说!
(3)imagine sb./sth.(to be)
认为
某人
/
某事……
Don
’
t imagine
your husband to be always wrong.
(4)imagine+that
从句
想象,误认为
Your
can
’
t imagine he should make
such a mistake.
你不到
他竟然犯了这样的错误
。
-three-year-ol
d
是复合形容词,作定语,其中
year
不
能用复数。
The
Eiffel Tower in Paris is a 120-year-old building.
巴
黎的埃菲尔铁塔是一座有着
120<
/p>
年历史的建筑。
注意:
(
1
)
复合形容词中
,被修饰的中心词与动词为
主谓关系
,
该动词用现在分词形式
;
或动词与其修饰的中心
词之间存在
被动
关系,则该动词用过去分词形式。
English-
speaking
countries
讲英语的国家
a horse-
drawn
carriage
一辆马车
(2)
复合形容词中若含有句词,名词往往用单数形式
< br>
.
.
a three-
year-old child
一个三岁的孩子
a three-hour-
drive
开车三小时的行程
p>
7.
与
turn
相
关短语
turn on
打开(自来水、电灯、煤气、无线电等)
turn off
关掉(自来水、电灯、煤气、无线电等)
turn up
把音量调大;出现、露面
turn
down
把音量调低;拒绝
turn in
上缴,归还
turn out
结果是,证明是
turn over
翻转,翻身
turn to
转向,求助于
到……(时间、地点)为止
He stayed here until twelve
o
’
clock.
他在这里一直待到十
二点。
Until
还可以作连词
。
not
…
until
…意思是“直
到……才……”
He
will
not
give
you
any
answer
until
he
has
thought
it
over.
他对此事仔细考虑之后才会给你答复。
8.
与“开、关”有关的词
(1)open/close/shut
与
do
or, window, box,
book,eyes
等连用
.
.
(2)switch
on/off
多与
radio, TV, light,
computer
等连用
(3)turn
on/off
比
switch
on/off
更通俗,多与
radio, gas,
water
等连用。
9.
while
引导时间状语从句,意思是“当……的时候,与……同
时”
,表示两个动作同时进行或两种状态同时存在。
He was
still studying while the others were sleeping.
While
还可以表示“然而、却”
,连接两
个并列句,含有
对比
的
意味。
Many
people
try
their
best
to
help
the
homeless
while
some
just
stand
by.
很多人尽力于帮助那些无家可归的人,而有些人只是<
/p>
袖手旁观
。
10.
couldn
’
t do
…
without
…
这是一个双重否定结构。
Without
your
help,
I
couldn
’
t
have
made
such
great
progress
then.
没有你的帮助,我不可能取得那么大的进步。
11.
与
g
o
有关的相关短语
go about
着手干;四处走动;
(故事等)流传
go
against
反对;违背;对……不利
go over
检查;复习
.
.
go on
with
继续
go
without
没有……而勉强应付;没有……也行
go away/out
离开;出去
go after sb./sth.
追求某人
/
谋求某事
go thro
ugh
审查,检查,
经过,度过;经历(痛苦、困难等)
go in for
参加(考
试或比赛)
;爱好
go
wrong/mad
出毛病
/
疯了
p>
go
by
时光流逝;顺便走访
12
.It takes sb. Some time to
do sth.
It takes some time for sb.
To do sth.
这两个句型是固定句型,意思是“某人花费多少时间做某事”
13.
“
g
et+
过去分词”构成系表结构,
通常强调动作的发生,也
p>
可指状态的变化。此类结构还有:
get
lost
迷路
get
dressed
穿衣
get
hurt
受伤
get
paid
得到报酬
get
married
结婚
14.
动词不定式作后置定语。
当被修饰的名词或代
词有序数词、
.
.
形容词最高级或
next,
last
only
等限定词时,要使用动词不定
式作定语。
I am always
the first person
to get
t
o the office.
我总
是第一个到办公室。
Miss Brown is
the last
person
to rise t
o speak.
布朗小姐
是最后一个站起来发言的人。
15.
与
t
ake
有关的短语
take
up
占据
take
turns
轮流
take off
起飞
take
over
接收,接管
take
in
欺骗,收留
take
down
记下
take on
呈现;雇用
15.
be filled
with
充满着,相当于
be full
of
fill
…
up
with
用……装满,填满
fill
in
填写;度过(时光)
16.
so+
形容词或副词
+that
…引导结果状语从句,意思是“如
此……以至于
…
…”
.
.
(1)s
o that=in
order that
He works very hard so that
he can buy his own apartment.
他努力工作,为的是能
买一套自己的公寓。
(2)
such
…
that
作“如此……以至于
”讲,连接一个表示结果的
状语从句。
He
was
such
an
honest
man
that
he
was
praised
by
the
p>
teacher.
他非常诚实,因而受到了老师的表扬。
注意:如果后边的名词前由
many,
much,few, little
等词修饰
的话,则不用
p>
such
而用
so.
但当
little
的意思表示“
sm
all
或
young
”时,仍然使用<
/p>
such
…
that
…结构。
组成的短语
bring
back
拿回,带回,恢复,使……想起
bring down
降低,使下降
bring up
扶养,养育
bring
in
引起,带来,赚钱,赢利
bring out
使显露,生产
bring about
使发生,导致
18.
complain to
/of sth.
向某人抱怨
/
诉苦
…
…
complain about sth. to sb.
向某人抱怨某事
She is
always complaining about something.
她总是满腹
.
.
牢骚
Lesson 2
1.I
find painting or drwing very relaxing
这
句用的是“
find+
宾语
+
宾语补足语”结构
类似的结构有:
Find+
宾语
+
形容词
/
副词
Find+
宾
语
+
名词
F
ind+
宾语
+
现在分词
/
过去分词
/to
be
不定式
Find+
宾语
+
介词短语
She woke up and found herself in a
hospital bed.
lay/place/put stress on
把重点放在……上
place
与
happen,
occur
的用法区别
take p
lac
e:
指按计划、安排“发生”
;
“
举行,进行
”
,相当于
hold
happen
:
指偶然、意外的“发生”
;
“
碰巧”
,后面接动词不定式
< br>occur
作“
发生
”解,一般
可与
happen
互换。
Occur<
/p>
还表示“想
.
.
起、想到”
It happened
that the driver was his cousin.
那位司机碰巧
是他的表弟。
When
will
the
basketball
game
take
place?
篮球赛何时举行?
The idea
occurred to him in a dream.
与
suffer from
Suffer:
意为“遭受(痛苦、损失)
”<
/p>
,其宾语为
pain, loss,
punishment, wrong,
hardship
等
S
uffer
from:
指遭受战争、自然灾害带来的苦难及患病之苦
They suffered a great loss in the
earthquake.
在地震中,
他们遭受了重大损失。
They suffered from all kinds of
diseases in those years.
那些年他们身患各种各样的病。
…
to
p>
表示“减少
到…
…”
;其中介词
to
表示“减少后
的结果
”
reduce
…
by
表示“减少
了
……”
p>
;其中介词
by
表示“减少的程
度或幅度”
6.I
can
’
t stand talking in front
of others.
“
talking in front of others<
/p>
”为动名词短语作
stand
的宾
.
.
语
后
跟
劝
名
词
作
宾
语
的
动
词
还
有
:
consider,
admit,
avoid,
practise, appreciate, risk,
imagine
等
We
are
considering
buying
a
new
car.
我们在考虑买一辆新车。
She tried to avoid answering my questio
ns.
她试图避而不答
我的问题。
sth./doing
sth.
更喜欢……
Prefer
to do sth..
宁愿做某事
Prefer sth./doing sth. to sth./doing
sth.
宁愿……而不
愿……
Prefer sb. To do sth..
宁愿某人做某事
Prefer to do sth. rather than do
宁愿……而不愿……
Prefer
that sb. (should) do
sth.
宁愿某人做某事
Lesson 3
eer
(
1
p>
)作名词,表示“志愿者”常接介词或不定式
The
volunteers
for
community
service
are
doing
a
good
job.
社区服务的志愿者做得很出色。
(<
/p>
2
)
作动词,表“自愿去做”常跟
to do
不定式
.
.
The young man
volunteered to help the old man.
那个年轻
人主动去帮助那位老年人。
V
oluntary: adj.
自愿的,志愿的
She does
voluntary work for the Red Cross.
她自愿义务为
红十字会工作。
2.
pay attention
to
…注意,留心,重视,
相当于
fi
x one
’
s
attention
on/upon
Draw/attract
one
’
s attetion (to)
引起某人的注意;使某
人注意……
Lesson 4
1.
连词
befo
re
引导的时间状语从句
I
’
m always tried before I
arrive at work.
这样每天到办
公室前,我就
已感到很疲倦。
连词
before<
/p>
的常见用法:
(
1
)
it
will
be/was+
时间段
p>
+before+
时间状语从句:过了(一
段时间)……才……
It was quite a few
years before he finally finished his
novel.
过
了
< br>好
多
年
他
才
写
才
了
这
本
小
说
(
p>
2
)
It
won
’
t
.
.
be/was
n’
t+
时
间
段
+before+
时
间
p>
状
语
从
句
:
没
过
多
久
…
…
就……
It won
’
t be
long before we meet again.
(
3
)强调从句动作还没有发生,主句动作就发生了,作“还没
来
得及
/
没等……就”讲
Before I could sit down he offered me a
cup of tea.
没等
我坐下,他就给我端上一杯茶。
(
4
)趁着……
Try to grasp the opportunity before
it is too late.
趁现
在还不晚,一定要抓住机会。
2.
有关
make
sure
的短语
(1)
make sure
that+
宾语从句
注意:
make sure
后面常接
that
引导的宾语从句,后接名词时
需加介词
of/about
一般不用不定式,没有
make
sure
to
do
sth.
的句型。
(2) b
e sure to do sth.
务必
/
一定会做某事
(3)
be
sure
of/about
…
be
sure
that+
从句,表示肯定
……,
对……有把握
ally, specialy, particularly
especially:
意为“尤其、特别地”
。
用来加强语气,
常用在所强
.
.
调的主语、介词短语、形容词、副词及状语从句前。
specially:
意这“特意的,专门地
”
。强调不广泛,是专门为某
一目的而进行的特地行为。
Particularly
:
=in
particular
“特别的,尤其
”
;表过某事不
寻常、过分或特别重要。常
用于修饰名词、介词
短语。
4.
at the
moment
此刻,目前,常用于现在进行时
For the
moment
暂时,目前
For
a moment
片刻,一会儿
In a moment
立刻,马上
The
moment
“一……就……”
<
/p>
5.
not
…
a
nymore
和
no
more
意思想同,表示“不再…
…”
Hurry up! I can
’
t
wait anymore. = Hurry up! I can no more
wait..
快点,我不能再等了。
6.
as a
result
因此,结果
As a
result of
+n./pron.
由于…
…
Result in
导致,造成……结果
Result
from
起因于,由于
Without
result
毫无结果地,徒劳地
.
.
7.c
ome up with
提出,想出(计划、主意等)
Come across
偶然遇到
Come about
发生,产生
Come
out
(花儿)开放;出,发行;
Come true
成真,变成现实
8.
include
与
contianin
Include
作“包含”解时,其后的宾语只是整体中的一部分
,侧
重于围
Contain
p>
作
“包含”
解时,
其后的宾语指的是整体的全部或部分,
侧重于容
The bottle contains two glasses of
beer.
这瓶子能装两杯啤
酒。
Six people were killed, including a
child.
6
人死亡,其
中包括一句小孩。
9.
“主语
+be+said/thought/believed/supposed
等
+
动词不定
式
”
p>
句
型
表
示
“
据
说
,
人
们
说
…
< br>…
”
,
相
当
于
”It
is/was+sai
d/thought/believed/supposed
等
+that
从句”
It is
said that Sydney is beautiful.
10
.make a
difference
:有关系,有影响
.
.
Make no
difference:
没有影响
Make some difference
:有一些影响
二
.
语法
1.
一般现在时
构成和句式:
肯定式:主语
+do/does
或<
/p>
be(me/is/are)+
其他
<
/p>
否定式:主语
+do/does+not
或
be(me/is/are)+not+
其他
疑问式:
Do/Does
或
Be(am/is/are)+
主语
+
其他
用法:
(
1
)表
示现
在发生的动作或存在的状态。
You look good
in this new suit.
(
2
< br>)
表示经常性,习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
常与
usually,
often, always, every
day, sometimes, once a month,
never
等连用。
I often
feel cold at this time of year.
(
3
)表
示普遍真理和客观存在的事实。
But it is spring now. It is warm
in spring.
(
4
)表示计
划
、安排好的将来动作。常用表示位置转移的动词。
.
.
如
go, come,
arrive, leave, start,
begin
等。
The train
leaves a 3:30 p.m.
(
5
)
在
时间或条件状语从句中,
用一般现在时代替一般将来时
。
We
’
ll go to the
park
if i
t does not rain
tomorrow.
2.
现在进行时
构成和句式:
肯定式:
主语
+
be(me/is/are)+doing+
其他
否定式:主语
+
be(me/is/are)not+doing+
其他
p>
疑问式:
be(me/is/are)+
主
语
+doing+
其他
用法:
(
1
)
表示正在时行的动作
。
Peter, what are you doing there?
(
2
)表示现阶段正在进行而此刻不一
定进行的动作。
We are studying
Spanish this semester.
(
3
)表
示将要发生的动作,
< br>一般跟时间状语,表明动作发生的
时间。常见的动词有
a
rrive, begin, come, go, leave,start,
stay
等。
He is leaving for London next week.
(
4
)
表示发展中或
正在改变的情况
The weather is
getting colder and colder.
.
.
(
5
)<
/p>
现
在
进
行
时
可
与
always
,
forever,
continually,
constantly
等副词喧嚣用,表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作,
含有抱怨、赞叹、厌倦等感情色彩。
He is always changing his mind.
(
6
)
用于动词
hope, want,
和
wonder
等,表示一种比一般现
在时态更委婉的证
据。<
/p>
I am wondering if you can
lend me your bike.
3
.
一般将来时
构成及用法:
(
1
)
“
will+
动词原形
”
,常用来表示
将来
存在的状态、将要发生
的动作;
还可表示一种没有经过仔细考虑
的主观意图,
可能是在
说的当时才作出的决定。
It will be my birthday in two
days.
I will buy you a new car for your
birthday.
(
2
)
“
be going to+
动词原形”
:可以表示
近期的打算,常用来
表示事先已经
决定或安排
要做的事,
常译为
“准备做
……”
或
“打
算做……”
;还可以表示“有迹象表明或预示着……”
。
How are you going to spend your
weekend?
(
3
)
现在进行时表示将来:现在进行时往往表示计划好或准备
要做的事。若用一
些表示位置转移的终止性动词,如
go,
come,leave, start, begin,
take
等,则表示马上要做某事。
.
.
I’
m taking the kids to the
zoo this Sunday.
(
4
)
一般现在时表示将来:主要指严格按昭原定计划、时刻表
将要发生的事情;
在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中,
用一般现
在时表示将来。
I will
return your car I you remember to buy a new car
for
my birthday.
(
5
)
“
be
to+
动词原形”
表示将来:这种结构表示计划中约定的
p>
或按职责、义务和要求必须做的事或即将发生的动作。
I am to do some shopping.
(<
/p>
6
)
“
be
about
to+
动词原形”表示将
来:
这一结构表示眼下马
上要发生,不强调主观,一般不能与具
体的时间状语连用。
Oh, the store is
about to close.
北师大版一轮复习必修一
单元练习
Unit 1
Lifestyles
1
.
—How’s
your
t
our
around
the
North
Lake
?
Is
it
beautiful?
—
It ________
be
,
but it is now heavily
polluted.
A
.
will
B
.
would
C
.
should
D
.
must
2
.
The
train________
arrive
at
11
∶
30
,
but
was
an
hour
late.
A
.
was about to
B
.
was likely to
C
.
was supposed to
D
.
was certain to
3
.
Progress
so
far
has
been
very
good.________
,
we
are
sure
.
.
that the project will be
completed on time.
A
.
However
B
.
Otherwise
C
.
Therefore
D
.
Besides
4
.
During the
war
,
he________ much pain.
A
.
is suffered
B
.
suffered
C
.
was suffered
D
.
was suffered
from
5
.
I
would
keep
my________
from
that
dog
,
if
I
were
you
—
it
will bite.
A
.
space
B
.
distance
C
.
length
D
.
reach
6
.
The old lady
came in
,
________ herself
with a walking
stick.
A
.
raising
B
.
supporting
C
.
lifting
D
.
rising
7
.
Ladies
and
gentlemen
,
please
switch________
your
mobile
phones
!
The plane
is taking off.
A
.
over
B
.
on
C
.
to
D
.
off
8
.—
Would you like
me________ the radio a bit?
—
No
,
it’s
all
right.I’m
used
to________
w
ith
the
radio________.
A
.
to
turn
up
;
work
;
on
B
.
to
turn
down
;
working
;
.
.
off
C
.
turning up
;
working
;
of
f
D
.
to
turn down
;
working
;
on
9
.
After studying
in a medical college for five
years
,
Jane________ her job
as a doctor in the countryside.
A
.
set out
B
.
took over
C
.
took up
D
.
set up
10
.—
Four dollars
a pair
?I think it’s a bit too
much.
—
If you buy
three pairs
,
the price for
each will________
to three fifty.
A
.
come down
B
.
take down
C
.
turn over
D
.
go over
11
.
When
day
broke
,
we
found
ourselves________
on
the
shore.
A
.
lying
B
.
lain
C
.
lay
D
.
to lie
12
.—
Have you
finished your homework?
—
Yes
.________
?
A
.
How about you
B
.
How come
C
.
How so
D
.
How about it
13
.—
John
!
Is this bag yours?
—
is
the
same
bag________
I
lost
did
you find it?
.
.
A
.
which
B
.
as
C
.
that
D
.
so
14
.
________ about
the economic crisis that he decided to
look for more information about it.
A
.
So curious he
was B
.
So
curious was he
C
.
Such curious he
was D
.
Such
curious was he
15
.
Does_______
matter whether he can finish the job on
time
?
A
.
this
B
.
that
C
.
he
D
.
it
北师大版高一英语必修一第
2
单元
Warm-up
的用法
calm down
平静下来
keep
clam/remain
calm
保持冷静
calm
oneself down
使自己镇静下来
词汇辨析:
calm
:
平静的
,沉着的,指无风浪或人的心情不激动
You should keep calm even
in face of danger.
.
.
quiet:
宁静的,
安静的
。指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、
忧虑
Could
you
keep
the
kids
quiet
while
I
’
m
on
the
phone?
still:
静止的,
不动的
,指没有运动或动作的
状态
Keep still while I
brus your hair.
silent:
寂静的,沉
默的,
不出声的
。指没有声音或不讲话。
He was silent for a moment, then
began his answer.
us
慷慨的,大方的
be generous to
sb
.
对某人
宽容
be generous with
sth.(
用钱等
)
大方
It is/was generous of you to take so
much interest in my
work.
He
is always generous with money when his friends
turn to
him for help.
3.
character: n
性格
,品质
。一般用来指人的性格特征。
character
istic
:
ad
j
特征的,特性
。一般用来指一事物与他
物区别的不同的特征。
Lucy
and
Lily
are
twins,
but
they
have
different
characters.
A characteristic
of this species is the blue stripes.
.
.
Lesson 1
一
.
句法与词法
1.
多个词一
起修饰一个名词,其顺序通常为:
限定描绘大长高,
形状年龄和
新老,颜色国籍出材料,作用类别往后靠。
The
old
lady
wants
to
buy
a
beautiful
red
Chinese
silk
dress
for her daughter as a
present.
In the middle of the room
stands a beautiful round wooden
table.
2.
choose
from:
从……中挑选
choo
se
…
as
…
:
挑选……作为……
te
v.
(使)分离;
(使)分开;分手
adj.
单独的;独
立的
词汇辨析:
separate:
p>
表示
“将……与……分开”
,
指把原来
连在一起
或靠近
的
分隔开来
separate
…
from
…把……和……分开
It
’
s impossible
to separate belief from emotion.
信仰和
感情是分不开的。
.
.
divide
:
< br>往往指
把某个
整体
划分为若干部
分
divide
…
< br>into
…把……分成……
The
world
is
divided
into
seven
continents
and
four
oceans.<
/p>
世界分成七和
4
大洋。
< br>
e
of
…由于……,因为……
后面常跟
名词、代词、动名词。
because
是连词,引导从句
He failed the final game
because of his carelessness.
=He failed
the final game because he was careless.
I come back because of the rain.
Liwei
had
several
tasks
to
complete
during
the
flight
and only slept in the spaceship for about 3 hours.
本句中不定式
to complete
作后置定语修饰
tasks
,由于
ta
sks
作其宾语,
不定式动词又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关
系,
所
以不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
如果没有这种主谓关系,
则
不定式需要用被动形式。
I have got a letter to write.
The manager has a letter to be typed. <
/p>
当不定式作表语形容词的状语,又和句中的主语构成动宾关系
时,
这时用不定式的主动形式表被动意义。
常可以样用的形容词
p>
一般有:
easy,
difficult,
hard,
pleasant,
nice,
interesting
.
.
等。
The grammar
book is difficult to understand.
The
task is necessary to finish in time.
6
.Yang
Liwei
showed
the
flags
of
China
and
the
United
Nations,
expressing
the wishes of the
Chinese people to
explore and use space
peacefully.
Expressing the wished of
the
……
.
为现在分词短语用作伴
随
状语,
与句子主语之间构成上的主动关系。
< br>
They came into the classroom,
following the little boy.
现在分词除了可作伴随状语,
还可作方式、条件、原因、让步、
结果、时间状语。
Her
mother
died,
leaving
her
with
four
younger
brothers
and
sister.
(表结果)
Being too old, he
couldn
’
t walk that far.
(原因状语)
7.
let
out
< br>释放
,放开;
泄露
(秘密、消息
等)
;发出(叫喊等)
;
放宽,放大(
衣服等)
They were let out of
prison last month.
let
alone
更不用说
let
down
使某人失望
The
baby can
’
t ever walk, let
alone run.
.
.
I’
m afraid she
let
us
down
.
n
s
of
当
hundred, thousand, million,
dozen
等以
单数形式
存在时,
p>
其前常用表示
具体数量的词或
severa
l, some, many
等修饰
。
当
hundred, thousand, million,
dozen
等以
复数形式
存在时,
p>
其后要加
of
,但前面
不能用表示数量的
词修饰。
9.
wave
v.
挥手致意,招手;起伏
n.
波浪,挥手
wave
at/to sb.
向某人挥手
/
摆手
wave sth. at
sb.
向某人挥动某物
wave
goodbye to sb.= wave sb.
goodbye.
向某人挥手告别
…
to
…太…
…而不能……
在此结构中,
too<
/p>
后面跟形容词或副词,
to
后面跟动词原
形
该结构还可以拓展为
too
…
for sb.
to…
(1)
当
too
后的形容词是表示心情的形容词时,
如
glad,
pleased,
surpised, happy, eager, anxious
< br>等,此时,
too
相当于
ver
y
或
very much.
I’
m too glad to meet
you.
见到你我非常高兴。
(2)
too
…
to
…与
never,
not
等连用时,也表示肯定意义。
It is never too late to
mend.
亡羊补牢未为晚也。
.
.
(
3)a little, a
bit, rather, a lot, all, much
等都可以修
饰
too
,
表示不同的程
度。
Very, fairly, quite, pretty
等词
不能用来修饰
too.
Joan tried on the skirt. It was a bit
too big for her.
=at
that
time
这时,在那时(表示动作发生的突然性)
in
one
’
s opinion
在某人看来
ally(
就自己而言,就我个人而言
), as far as
I
(在
我看来)
13.
be equal
to
……
与……相等
/
平等
be equal
to (doing) sth.
胜任
(做)某事
14. struggle to do sth.
努力去做某事
struggle
to one
’
s feet
挣扎着站起来
struggle
against
与……作斗争
+
反对的对象
struggle for
为(争取)……而斗争
/
奋斗
+
目的
struggle with
(
1<
/p>
)与……作斗争,
(
2
< br>)和……一起搏斗
v.
判断,断定;估计,评价
judging from/by
……根据……判断
content
to do sth.
对
(
做
)
……满意
be content
with sth.
n
.
技术,技能,技巧
skilled
adj.
有技能的,熟练的;需要特殊技能的
be skilled in
熟悉
/
擅长……
.
.
adj.
习惯的,使用过的
useful
adj.
有用的,有益的
useless adj
无用的
uselessness n.
无用,
无效
二.重点语法
1
.
一般过去时
构成和句式:
构成
< br>:主语
+
动词过去式
或
be(was, were)
句式
:
否定句
not
加在
di
d
或
be
后,
疑问句把
did
或
be
提到主
语前。
用法:
(
1
)
p>
表过去某一时刻
发生的动作
或
存在的状态
,常与表示
过去的时间状语连用。
I visited the Water Cube a
month
ago
.
(
2
)表示过去一段时间经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
We sometimes went to swim
last
summer.
(
3
)表示过去相继发生的一系列的连续动作。
He got up, washed his face, and went to
school by bus.
(
4
)在时间、条件、让步、方式等从句中表示过去将来的动作。
Tom said he
would
come
if
I
promised
to wait for him.
.
.
(
5
)
used to
do
或
would
do
表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
I
used to
leave
for work a 7:30.
(
6
)在虚拟证据中表示现在或将来的情况,
常和
could,
would
等连用。
If I
had time, I would go and visit you.
(
p>
7
)
和一般过去时连用的时间状语有
two
weeks
ago
,
yesterday
,
last
week,
the
other
day,
during
the
night,
in
ancient
times,
once upon a time,
in
those days, earlier this
month
等。
Mr Smith
came to see you just now.
2
.过去进行时
构成和句式:
构成:
waswere+doing
句式:
否定句
not
加在
be
,疑问句把
be
提到
主语前
用法:
(
1
)
p>
表示过去某一时或过去某一阶段正在进行的动作
。
< br>
I was watching the football
match
at this time
yesterday.
(
2
)表示另外一个动作发生的时间背景
。
It was snowing when they got to the top
of the mountain.
(
3
)可与
always, forever,
continually, constantly
等副词
p>
连用,表示过去反复出现的或习惯性的动作,带有感情色彩。
She was always ringing me up when I was
in London. (
表示
.
.
厌烦
)
(
4
)
go,
come, leave, start, arrive
等
位
移动词
可用
过去进
行时表示过去将来<
/p>
的含义。
Nobody
knew
whether she
was coming.
(
5
)和过去进行时连用的时间状语有
at that time, at
this
time last Sunday, at 2
o
’
clock yesterday afternoon,
all
morning, the whole
night
等。
What were
you doing at this time last night?
过去进行时与一般过去时的区别:
一
般过去时常表示在过去某
时发生的动作或存在的状态
(包括
p>
过
去习惯性动作)
;
过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻
正
在进行的动作<
/p>
Lesson 3 Sports Stars
on
融洽相处,进展
He gets
on well with his classmates.
get on
well with
也可以说成
get along well
with,
后接
sb.
表示“与某人相
处得好”
;接
sth.
表示“某事进展
如何”
。
get through<
/p>
通过(考试等)
;接通()
get away
走开,离开
.
.
get away
from
摆脱
get
around
四处走动;说服
get
in
收割
get
over
恢复过来;克服
get
together
聚集,相聚
then
“从那以后”
,相当于
p>
from then
on,
可以放在句
子开头或末尾。
Since then, he has developed another
bad habit.
Since
的基本用法
(1)
prep.
< br>“自……以来”
,后面接名词或名词性短语,
经常与现<
/p>
在完成时连用。
I have
been there many times since the war.
(2
)conj.
“自……以后,自……以来”
,
< br>后面接时间状语从句,
从句中一般用一般过去时,主句中用现在完成时。
Ten
years
has
passed
since
I
graduated
form
the
university.
意
为“因为,既然”
,引导原因状语从句。
Since
you
misunderstood
Alice,
you
should
say
sorry
to
her.
3.
look
back
回首,回忆
有关
look
的短语小结
look back on
回忆……
.
.
look out
(for...)
当心(
……)
look through
浏览
look
up
查阅
;向上看
look down
upon/on...
轻视
look
forward to
sth.
盼望……
e v.
比赛,竞赛
compet
ition
n.
比赛
compet
itor
n.[c]
竞争者,对手,比赛者
compet
itive
adj.
竞争的,有竞争力的
in competition with
和……竞争
/
比赛
compete in
参加……比赛
compete for
为……竞争
/
比赛
compete
against/with sb.
与某人竞争
that
以便于
(1)so
that
既可以表
结果,也可表目的。
I hired a boat so that I could go fishi
ng.
我租了一条船,
为的是可以去钓鱼。
(2)so...that...
结构中,
“
so+
形容词
/
副词”
位于句首时,句子
用倒装结构。
So hard does he work that he
seldom goes home.
他工作那么
.
.
努力,几乎不回家。
adj.
热心的;渴望的
He is
keen on winter sports.
Be keen on
喜欢
;热衷于
Be keen (for sb.) to do
sth.
渴望(某人)做某事
I
wasn
’
t keen on going to the
party.
我不太想去参加这次
聚会。
I
’
m not keen to
go again.
我不太想再去了。
to
an
end
结束,终止
达成
at the end of
...
在……尽头;在……末端
in
the end
终于;最后
by
the end of...
到……末
come to an end
结束
put an end
to...
结束,使终止
at
the end
结束;终结
bring...to an
end
使……结束
注意:
come to an
end
是不及物动词短语,不能跟宾语,而
put
an end
to
与
bring...to an end
< br>均为及物动词短语,后可跟宾
语。
I hope the war will come to an end
soon.
.