-
简明病历书写手册
1
(英汉对照)
简明病历书写手册(英汉对照)
郭航远
编著
目
录
第一章
第二章
第三章
第四章
第五章
第六章
第七章
第八章
第九章
第十章
病人身份
主诉
现病史
过去史、系统回统和个人史
月经、婚姻、生育史和家族史
体检(一般项目)
体检(头颈部)
体检(胸腹部)
体检(神经、骨骼和肌肉)
体检(泌尿生殖道与其他)
标准化病人体检项目
实验室检查
辅助检查
诊断(疾病名称)
常用医嘱术语
常用药物及中草药
住院文书格式
附录
第十一章
第十二章
第十三章
第十四章
第十五章
第十六章
第十七章
第十八章
附
p>
1
、常用解剖术语
p>
附
2
、医学英语常用前后缀
附
3
、医学
英语的特征
附
4
p>
、医学英语常用短语
附
p>
5
、英语问诊常用句子
p>
附
6
、医学英语缩写一览表
附
7
、医院
日常用品和设备
附
8
p>
、医学院和医院相关名称
前
言
随着我国加入
WTO
,
医疗体制发生了革命性的改变。
随着改革开放的深入
,
外国投资和管理的医院将不断涌现,
中外医学交流也日趋频繁
,
出国学习、
进修
和援外医疗队的医务
人员逐年增多,这就要求医生具有正确书写英文病历的能
力。目前,国内供临床医生完成
英文病历的参考书很少。签于此,编著者根据美
国罗马琳达大学的病历书写要求,
结合十余年的国内外工作经验
(编者所在的邵
逸夫医院是一所由美国专家管理的、
与国际接轨的新型综合性医院,
有十余年的
英文病历书写实践)
,并参阅一些国内外的相关
文献,编写了本手册。
本手册按病历书写的顺序进行编写,<
/p>
采用英中对照写法,
内容详尽,
条理清<
/p>
晰,形式新颖,适用于临床医生、出国人员、实习生和医学院校的学生。
< br>
在本手册的编写过程中,
得到了美国罗马琳达大学医学
院和日本福井大学医
学院和邵逸夫医院领导的关心和支持。
谨以此书献给我的老师、同事、朋友和家人。
郭航远
2002.11.1
于
浙江大学医学院
第一章
病人身份
[Identification]
·
[Name]
姓名
·
[Sex]
性别
·
[Age]
年龄
·
[Occupation]
职业
·
[Date of birth]
出生日期
·
[Marriage
(
Marital
status
)
]
婚姻
·
[Race]
民族
·
[Place of birth
(Birth place)]
籍贯
·
[Identification
No.(code of ID card No.)]
身份证号码
·
[Department of
work and TEL. No. (Unit and Business phone No.)]
工作单位及
电话
·
[Home address
and phone No.]
家庭住址及电话
·
[Post code]
邮政编码
·
[Person to notify (Correspondent) and
phone No.]
联系人及电话
·
[Source
(Complainer;offerer;supplier;provider) of history]
病史陈术者
·
[Reliability of
history]
病史可靠程试
·
[Medical
security (Type of payment)]
医疗费用
·
[Type of admission (Patient condition)]
住院类别(入院时病情)
·
[Medical record
No.]
病历号
·
[Clinic
diagnosis]
门诊诊断
·
[Date of
admission (admission date)]
入院日期
·
[Date of record]
记录日期
1
、年龄的表示方法(以
36
岁为例)
·
36 years old (y/o)
·
Age 36
·
36 year-old
·
The age of 36
·
36 years of age
2
、性别的表示方法
·
[Male,
♂
]
男性
·
[Female,
♀
]
女性
3
、职业的表示方法
·工人
[Worker]
·退休工作
[Retired
worker]
·农民
[Farmer
(peasant)]
·干部
[Leader
(cadre)]
·行政人员
[administrative
personnel (staff)]
·职员
[staff
member]
·商人
[Trader
(Businessman)]
·教师
[Teacher]
·学生
[Student]
·医生
[Doctor]
·药剂师
[Pharmacist]
·护士
[Nurse]
·军人
[Soldier]
·警察
[Policeman]
·工程师
[Engineer]
·技术员
[Technician]
·家政人员
[Housekeeper]
·家庭主妇
[Housewife]
·营业员
[Assistant]
·服务员
[Attendant]
·售票员
[Conductor]
4
、民族的表示方法
·汉
[Han]
·回
[Hui]
·蒙
[Meng]
·藏
[Tibetan]
·朝鲜
[Korean]
·美国人
[American]
·日本人
[Japanese]
·英国人
[Britisher]
5
、医疗费用的表示方法
·
[Self pay
(Individual medical care)]
自费
·
[Government insruance (Public medical
care)]
公费
·
[Insurance]
保险
·
[Local insurance]
本地医保
·
[Non-local in surance]
外地医保
·
[Labor protestion care]
劳保
6
、婚姻状况的表示方法
·
[Married]
已婚
·
[Single (Unmarried)]
未婚
·
[Diverced]
离婚
·
[Widow]
寡妇
·
[Widower]
鳏夫
7
、病史可靠程度的表示方法
·
[Reliable]
可靠
·
[Unreliable]
不可靠
·
[Not entirely]
不完全可靠
·
[Unobtainable]
无法获得
8
、住址的表示方法
·
[NO.3,Qing Chun Road
East,Hangzhou, Zhejiang]
浙江省杭州市庆春东路
3
号
·
[XinDong Cun, Cheng Guan
Town, Zhu Ji municipality, zhejiang province.]
浙
江省诸暨市(县)城关镇新东村
9
、病史陈述者的表示方法
·
[Patient
himself (herself)]
患者本人
·
[Her husband]
患者的丈夫
·
[His wife]
患者的妻子
·
[Patient`s
colleague]
患者的同事
·
[Patient`s
neighbor]
患者的邻居
·
[Patient`s Kin
(Mother; Son; daughter;brother;Sister)]
患者的亲属
(
父亲、
母
亲、儿子、女儿、兄弟、姐妹
)
·
[Taximan]
出租车司机
·
[Traffic
police]
交通警察
10
、日期的表示方法
·
2002
年
10
月
1
日
[10-1-2
002(10/1/2002; Oct.1,2002;
,2002)](
美国
)
·
2002
年
10
月
p>
1
日
[1-10-2002(1/10/2
002; 1 Oct.,2002; 1st of Oct.,2002)]
(
英国
)
11
、住院类别的表示方法
·
[Emergent
(Emergency call)]
急诊
·
[Urgent]
危重
·
[Elective (General)]
一般(普通)
12
、入院时病情的表示方法
·
[Stable]
稳定
·
[Unstable]
不稳定
·
[Relative stable]
相对稳定
·
[Critical (Imminent)]
危重
·
[Fair (General)]
一般
第二章
主诉
[Chief Complaint]
1
、主诉的表示方法:症状
+
时间(
Symptom+Time
)
·症状
+for+<
/p>
时间
如:
[Chest pain for 2 hours]
胸痛
2
小时
·症状
+of+
时间
< br>
如:
[Nausea
and vomiting of three days` duration]
恶心呕吐
3
天
·症状
+
时间
+in duration
如:
[Headache 1 month in duration]
头痛
1
月
<
/p>
·时间
+of+
症状
如:
[Two-day
history of fever]
发热
2
天
2
、常见症状
·
[Fever]
发热
·
[Pain]
疼痛
·
[Edema]
水肿
·
[Mucocutaneous hemorrhage (bleeding)]
皮肤粘膜出血
·
[Dyspnea
(Difficuly in breathing;Respiratory
difficulty;short of breath)]
呼吸
困难
·
[Cough and
expectoration (Sputum;Phlegm)]
咳嗽和咯痰
·
[Hemoptysis]
咯血
·
[Cyanosis]
紫绀
·
[Palpitation]
心悸
·
[Chest discomfort]
胸闷
·
[Nausea (Retch;Dry
V
omiting)and V
omiting]
恶心和呕吐
·
[Hematemesis
(V
omiting of blood)]
呕血
·
[Hematochezia (Hemafecia)]
便血
·
[Diarrhea]
腹泻
·
[Constipation
(Obstipation)]
便秘
·
[Vertigo
(Giddiness; Dizziness)]
眩晕
·
[Jaundice
(Icterus)]
黄疸
·
[Convulsion]
惊厥
·
[Disturbance of consciousness]
意识障碍
·
[Hematuria]
血尿
·
[Frequent
micturition,urgent micturition and dysuria]
尿频,尿急和尿痛
·
[Incontinence
of urine]
尿失禁
·
[Retention of
urine]
尿潴留
(
1
)发热的表示方法
·
[Infective
(Septic)fever]
感染性发热
·
[Non-infective
(Aseptic)fever]
非感染性发热
·
[Dehydration
(Inanition)fever]
脱水热
·
[Drug fever]
药物热
·
[Functional hypothermia]
功能性低热
·
[Absorption
fever]
吸收热
·
[Central fever]
中枢性发热
·
[Fever type]
热型
▲
▲
▲
[Continuous fever]
稽留热
[Remittent
fever]
驰张热
[Intermittent fever]
间歇热
▲
[
Undulant fever
]
波状热
▲
[
Recurrent fever]
回归热
▲
[Periodic fever]
周期热
[Ephemeral
fever]
短暂热
[Double peaked fever]
双峰热
▲
[
Irregular fever]
不规则热
▲
▲
·
[Fever of undetermined(unknown) origin,
FUO]
不明原因发热
·
[Rigor
(shivering;chill;shaking chill;ague)]
寒战
·
[Chilly Sensation (Fell chilly;cold
fits;coldness)]
畏寒
·
[Ultra-
hyperpyrexia]
超高热
·
[Hyperthermia
(A high fever;hyperpyrexia;ardent fever)]
高热
·
[Moderate fever]
中度发热
·
[Hypothermia (Low-grade fever;slight
fever;subfebrile temperature)]
低热
·
[Become feverish (Have a temperature)]
发热
·
[Crisis]
骤降
·
[Lysis]
渐降
·
[Typhoid fever]
伤寒热
·
[Rheumatic fever]
风湿热
·
[Cancerous fever]
癌性发热
·
[Fervescence period]
升热期
·
[Defervescence period]
退热期
·
[Persistent febrile period]
持续发热期
(
2
)疼痛的表示方法
·
[Backache (Back
pain)]
背痛
·
[Lumbago]
腰痛
·
[Headache]
头痛
▲
[Vasomotor headache]
血管舒缩性头痛
▲
[Post-traumatic headache]
创伤后头痛
▲
[Migraine
headache]
偏头痛
▲
[Cluster headache]
丛集性头痛
·
[Chest pain]
胸痛
·
[Precardial pain]
心前区痛
·
[Retrosternal pain]
胸骨后痛
·
[Abdominal pain (Stomachache)]
腹痛
·
[Acrodynia (pain in limbs)]
肢体痛
·
[Arthrodynia (Arthralgia)]
关节痛
·
[Dull pain]
钝痛
·
[Sharp pain]
锐痛
·
[Twinge pain]
刺痛
·
[Knife-like
pain (Piercing pain)]
刀割(刺)样痛
·
[Aching pain]
酸痛
·
[Burning pain]
烧灼痛
·
[Colicky (Griping;cramp) pain]
绞痛
·
[Colic]
绞痛
·
[Bursting pain]
胀痛(撕裂痛)
·
[Hunger pain]
饥饿痛
·
[Tic pain]
抽搐痛
·
[Bearing-down
pain]
坠痛
·
[Shock-like
pain]
电击样痛
·
[Jumping pain]
反跳痛
·
[Tenderness pain]
触痛(压痛)
·
[Girdle-like
pain]
束带样痛
·
[Wandering
pain]
游走性痛
·
[Throbbing
pain]
搏动性痛
·
[Radiating
pain]
放射性痛
·
[Cramping pain]
痉挛性痛
·
[Boring pain]
钻痛
·
[Intense pain]
剧痛
·
[Writhing pain]
痛得打滚
·
[Dragging pain]
牵引痛
·
[Labor pain]
阵痛
·
[Cancerous
pain]
癌性疼痛
·
[Referred pain]
牵涉痛
·
[Persistent pain (Unremitting pain)]
持续性痛
·
[Constant pain]
经常性痛
·
[Intermittent pain]
间歇性痛
(
3
)水肿的表示方法
·
[Mucous edema
(Myxedema)]
粘液性水肿
·
[Cardiac
(Cardiogenic) edema]
心源性水肿
·
[Nephrotic
(renal) edema]
肾源性水肿
·
[Hepatic edema]
肝源性水肿
·
[Alimentary
(Nutritional) edema]
营养不良性水肿
·
[Angioneurotic
edema]
血管神经性水肿
·
[Pitting]
凹陷性
·
[Nonpitting]
非凹陷性
·
[Localized
(Local) edema]
局限性水肿
·
[Generalized
edema (Anasarca)]
全身性水肿
·
[Hydrops]
积水
·
[Elephantiasic crus]
橡皮肿
·
[Cerebral(Brain) edema]
脑水肿
·
[Pulmonary edema (Hydropneumonia0]
肺水肿
·
[Hydrocephalus]
脑积水
·
[Edema of endoscrinopathy]
内分泌病性水肿
·
[Invisible
(Recessive) edema]
隐性水肿
·
[Frank edema]
显性水肿
·
[Inflammatory edema]
炎性水肿
·
[Idiopathic edema]
特发性水肿
·
[Cyclical
edema]
周期性水肿
·
[Ascites
(Abdominal effusion;hydroperiotoneum)]
腹水
·
[Pleural effusion (Hydrothorax)]
胸水
·
[Pericardial effusion
(Hydropericardium)]
心包积液
·
[Bronchoedema]
支气管水肿
·
[Slight (Mild)]
轻度
·
[Moderate]
中度
·
[Serious]
重度
·
[Transudate]
漏出液
·
[Exudate]
渗出液
(
4
)呼吸困难的表示方法
·
[Cardiac
dyspnea]
心原性呼吸困难
·
[Inspiratory]
吸气性
·
[Expiratory]
呼气性
·
[Mixed]
混合性
·
[Obstructive]
梗阻性
·
[Dyspnea at
rest]
静息时呼吸困难
·
[Dyspnea on
exertion]
活动时呼吸困难
·
[Dyspnea on
lying down]
躺下时呼吸困难
·
[Paroxysmal
nocturnal dyspnea,PND]
夜间阵发性呼吸困难
·
[Orthopnea]
端坐呼吸
·
[Asthma]
哮喘
·
[Cardiac
asthma]
心源性哮喘
·
[Bronchial
asthma]
支气管性哮喘
·
[Hyperpnea]
呼吸深快
·
[Periodic breathing]
周期性呼吸
·
[Tachypnea
(Rapid or fast breathing;accelerated
breathing;short of
breath)]
气促
·
[Bradypnea
(Slow breathing)]
呼吸缓慢
·
[Irregular
breathing]
不规则呼吸
(
5
)皮肤粘膜出血的表示方法
·
[Bleeding spots
in the skin]
皮肤出血点
·
[Petechia]
瘀点
·
[Eccymosis]
瘀斑
·
[Purpura]
紫癜
·
[Splinter hemorrhage]
片状出血
·
[Oozing of the blood (Errhysis)]
渗血
·
[Blood blister (Hemophysallis)]
血疱
·
[Hemorrhinia (Nasal bleeding)]
鼻衄
·
[Ecchymoma]
皮下血肿
(
6
)咳嗽与咯痰的表示方法
·
[Dry
cough (Nonproductive cough;hacking cough)]
干咳
·
[Sharp cough]
剧咳
·
[Wet cough
(Moist cough)]
湿咳
·
[Productive
cough (Loose cough)]
排痰性咳
·
[Chronic cough]
慢性咳嗽
·
[Irritable cough]
刺激性咳嗽
·
[Paroxysmal
cough]
发作性(阵发性)咳嗽
·
[Cough
continually]
持续性咳嗽
·
[Spasmodic
cough]
痉挛性咳嗽
·
[Whooping
cough]
百日咳
·
[Winter cough]
冬季咳
·
[Wheezing cough]
喘咳
·
[Short cough]
短咳
·
[Distressed
cough]
难咳
·
[Shallow cough]
浅咳
·
[Droplet]
飞沫
·
[Frothy sputum]
泡沫样痰
·
[Bloody sputum]
血痰
·
[Mucous (Mucoid) sputum]
粘液样痰
·
[Purulent sputum]
脓痰
·
[Mucopurulent sputum]
粘液脓性痰
·
[White
(Yellow,green) sputum]
白(黄
,<
/p>
绿)痰
·
[Fetid (Foul) sputum]
恶臭痰
·
[Iron-rust (Rusty) sputum]
铁锈色痰
·
[Chocolate coloured sputum]
巧克力色痰
·
[Thick sputum]
浓痰
·
[Thin sputum]
淡痰
·
[Viscous
sputum]
粘痰
·
[Transparent
sputum]
透明痰
·
[Much (Large
amounts of) sputum]
大量痰
·
[Moderate
amounts of sputum]
中等量痰
·
[Not much
(Small amounts of ) sputum]
少量痰
(
7
)内脏出血的表示方法
·
[
Goldstein’s hemoptysis
]
戈耳斯坦氏咯血
·
[Massive
hematemesis]
大量呕血
·
[Epistasis
(Nosebleed;Nasal bleeding;
Hemorrhinia;rhinorrhagia)]
鼻衄
·
[Hematuria]
血尿
·
[Initial hematuria]
初血尿
·
[Idiopathic hematuria]
特发性血尿
·
[Painless
hematuria]
无痛性血尿
·
[Terminal
hematuria]
终末性血尿
·
[Gross
(Macroscopic) hematuria]
肉眼血尿
·
[Microscopic hematuria]
镜下血尿
·
[Hematuria in the whole process of
urination]
全程血尿
·
[Gingival
bleeding (Ulaemorrhagia;gum bleeding)]
牙龈出血
·
[Hematochezia]
便血
·
[Bloody stool]
血便
·
[Black stool (Melena)]
黑便
·
[Tarry stool]
柏油样便
·
[Bleeding following trauma]
外伤后出血
·
[Spontaneous
bleeding]
自发性出血
·
[Bleeding
Continuously]
持续出血
·
[Occult
blood,OB]
隐血
·
[Hematobilia]
胆道出血
·
[Hemathorax]
血胸
·
[Hemarthrosis]
关节积血
·
[Hematocoelia]
腹腔积血
·
[Hematoma]
血肿
·
[Hemopericardium]
心包积血
·
[Cerebral hemorrhage]
脑出血
·
[Subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)]
蛛网膜下腔出血
·
[Excessive
(Heavy) menstrual flow with passage of clots]
月经量多伴血块
·
[Mild
(Moderate) menses]
月经量少(中等)
·
[Painless
Vaginal bleeding]
无痛性阴道出血
·
[Postcoital
bleeding]
性交后出血
·
[Pulsating
bleeding]
搏动性出血
·
[Post-operation
wound hemorrhage]
术后伤口出血
·
[Excessive
bleeding after denal extraction]
拔牙后出血过多
(
< br>8
)紫绀的表示方法
·
[Congenital
cyanosis]
先天性紫绀
·
[Enterogenous]
肠源性
·
[Central]
中枢性
·
[Peripheral]
周围性
·
[Mixed]
混合性
·
[Acrocyanosis]
指端紫绀
(
9
)恶心与呕吐的表示方法
·
[V
omiturition (Retching)]
干呕
·
[Feel nauseated]
恶心感
·
[Postprandial nausea]
饭后恶心
·
[Hiccup]
呃逆
·
[Sour
regurgitation]
返酸
·
[Fecal
(Stercoraceous) vomiting]
吐粪
·
[undigested
food V
omiting]
吐不消化食物
·
[Bilious
V
omiting]
吐胆汁
(
10
)腹泻与便秘的表示方法
·
[Moning
diarrhea]
晨泻
·
[Watery
(Liquid)diarrhea]
水泻
·
[Mucous
diarrhea]
粘液泻
·
[Fatty
diarrhea]
脂肪泻
·
[Chronic
(Acute)]
慢性(急性)
·
[Mild diarrhea]
轻度腹泻
·
[Intractable (Uncontrolled)diarrhea]
难治性腹泻
·
[Protracted
diarrhea]
迁延性腹泻
·
[Bloody stool]
血梗
·
[Frothy stool]
泡沫样便
·
[Formless (Formed)stool]
不成形(成形)便
·
[Loose (Hard)
stool]
稀(硬)便
·
[Rice-water
stool]
米泔样便
·
[Undigested
stool]
不消化便
·
[Dysenteric
diarrhea]
痢疾样腹泻
·
[Inflammatory
diarrhea]
炎症性腹泻
·
[Osmotic]
渗透性
·
[Secretory]
分泌性
·
[Malabsorption]
吸收不良性
·
[Lienteric]
消化不良性
·
[Pancreatic
diarrhea]
胰性腹泻
·
[Tenesmus]
里急后重
·
[Pass a stool (Have a passage; open or
relax the bowel)]
解大便
·
[Have a call of
nature]
便意
·
[Fecal
incontinence (Copracrasia)]
大便失禁
·
[Functional constipation]
功能性便秘
·
[Organic
constipation]
器质性便秘
·
[Habitual
constipation]
习惯性便秘
·
[Have a
tendency to be constipated]
便秘倾向
(
11
)黄疸的表示方法
·
[Latent
(occult) jaundice]
隐性黄疸
·
[Clinical
jaundice]
显性黄疸
·
[Nuclear
icterus]
核黄疸
·
[Physiologic
icterus]
生理性黄疸
·
[Icterus
simplex]
传染性黄疸
·
[Toxemic
icterus]
中毒性黄疸
·
[Hemolytic]
溶血性
·
[Hepatocellular]
肝细胞性
·
[Obstructive]
阻塞性
·
[Congenital]
先天性
·
[Familial]
家族性
·
[Cholestatic]
胆汁淤积性
·
[Hematogenous]
血源性
·
[Malignant]
恶性
·
[Painless]
无痛性
(
1
2
)意识障碍的表示方法
·
[Somnolence]
嗜睡
·
[Confusion]
意识模糊
·
[Stupor]
昏睡
·
[Coma]
昏迷
·
[Delirium]
谵妄
·
[Syncope (swoon; faint)]
晕厥
·
[Drowsiness]
倦睡
<
/p>
(
13
)排尿的表示方法
·
[Enuresis
(Bed-wetting)]
遗尿
·
[Anuria]
无尿
·
[Emiction interruption]
排尿中断
·
[Interruption of urinary stream]
尿线中断
·
[Nocturia]
夜尿
·
[Oliguria]
少尿
·
[Polyuria]
多尿
·
[Pass water
(Make water; urinate; micturition)]
排尿
·
[Frequent micturition (Frequency of
micturition; fruquent urination;
Pollakiuria)]
尿频
·
[Urgent
micturition (Urgency of urination or micturition)]
尿急
·
[Urodynia (Pain on micturition;
painful micturition; alginuresis;
micturition
pain)]
尿痛
·
[Dysuria (Difficulty in micturition;
disturbance of micturition)]
排尿困难
·
[Small urinary stream]
尿线细小
·
[V
oid with a good stream]
排尿通畅
·
[Guttate emiction (Dribbling following
urination;terminal dribbling)]
滴尿
·
[Bifurcation of urination]
尿流分叉
·
[Residual urine]
残余尿
·
[Extravasation of urine]
尿外渗
·
[Stress incontinence]
压力性尿失禁
·
[Overflow
incontinence]
溢出性尿失禁
·
[Paradoxical in
continence]
反常性尿失禁
3
.少见症状
·
[Weekness(
Debility; asthenia; debilitating)]
虚弱(无力)
·
[Fatigue (Tire;
lassitude)]
疲乏
·
[Discomfort
(Indisposition; malaise)]
不适
·
[Wasting (thin;
underweight; emaciation; lean)]
消瘦
·
[Night sweating]
盗汗
·
[Sweat (Perspiration)]
出汗
·
[Cold sweat]
冷汗
·
[Pruritus
(Iching)]
搔痒
·
[Asthma]
气喘
·
[Squeezing (Tightness; choking;
pressing) sensation of the chest]
胸部紧缩
(压榨)感
·
[Intermittent
claudication]
间歇性跛行
·
[Difficulty in
swallowing( Dysphagia; difficult swallowing;
acataposis)]
吞咽
困难
·
[Epigastric
(Upper abdominal) discomfort]
上腹部不适
·
[Anorexia
(Sitophobia)]
厌食
·
[Poor appetite
(Loss of appetite)]
纳差
·
[Heart-burn(
Pyrosis)]
胃灼热
·
[Stomachache(
Pain in stomach)]
胃部痛
·
[Periumbilial
pain]
脐周痛
·
[Belching
(Eructation)]
嗳气
·
[Sour
regurgitation]
返酸
·
[Abdominal
distention(bloating)]
腹胀
·
[Pass gas(
Break wink)]
肛门排气
·
[Small(Large)
stool]
大便少(多)
·
[Expel(Pass)
worms]
排虫
·
[Pain over the
liver]
肝区痛
·
[Lumbago]
腰痛
·
[Pica(Parorexia; allotriophagy)]
异食癖
·
[Dysmenorrhea]
痛经
·
[Menoxenia
(Irregular menstruation)]
月经不调
·
[Polymenorrhea (Epimenorrhea)]
月经过频
·
[Oligomenorrhea]
月经过少
·
[Excessive menstruation (Menorrhagia;
menometrorrhagia; hypermenorrhea)]
经量过多
·
[Hypomenorrhea (Scantymenstruation)]
经量过少
·
[Menopause (Menostasia; menostasis)]
绝经
·
[Amenorrhea (Menoschesis)]
闭经
·
[Leukorrhagia]
白带过多
·
[Asexuality (lack of libido)]
无性欲
·
[Hyposexuality]
性欲低下
·
[Hypersexuality]
性欲亢进
·
[Prospermia (Ejaculatio praecox)]
早泄
·
[Impotency (impotence)]
阳萎
·
[Nocturnal emission (Spermatorrhea)]
遗精
·
[Lack of potency]
无性交能力
·
[Hair loss]
脱发
·
[Joint pain (Arthralgia; arthrodynia)]
关节痛
·
[Polydipsia (Excessive thirst)]
多饮(烦渴)
·
[Polyphagia
(Excessive appetite; hyperorexia; bulimia)]
多食
·
[Cold (Heat) intolerance]
怕冷(热)
·
[Dwarfism
(Excessive height)]
身材矮小(高大)
·
[Excessive
sweating]
多汗
·
[Hands tremble]
手抖
·
[Obesity (Fatty)]
肥胖
·
[Agitation (Anxiety;nervous
irritability)]
焦虑(忧虑)
·
[Mania]
躁狂
·
[Hallucination]
幻觉
·
[Aphasia (Logopathy)]
失语
·
[Amnesia (Poor memorization;memory
deterioration)]
记忆力下降
·
[Hemianesthesia]
偏身麻木
·
[Formication]
蚁走感
·
[Tingling]
麻刺感
·
[Hyperpathia]
痛觉过敏
·
[Hypalgesia]
痛觉减退
·
[Illusion]
错觉
·
[Hemiplegia]
半身不遂
·
[Insomnia (Poor
sleepness;sleeplessness)]
失眠
·
[Nightmare]
多梦
·
[Numbness]
麻木
·
[Pain in limbs
(Acrodynia)]
肢体痛
·
[Limitation of
motion]
活动受限
·
[Tetany]
手足抽搐
·
[Discharge of pus]
流脓
·
[Blurred vision(Hazy vision;blurring of
vision; dimness of
vision)]
视物模糊
·
[Burning (Dry)
sensation]
烧灼(干燥)感
·
[Tearing
(Dacryorrhea;Lacrimation)]
流泪
·
[Double vision (Diplopia)]
复视
·
[Strabismus]
斜视
·
[Hemianopia]
偏盲
·
[Tired eyes (Eyestrain)]
眼疲劳
·
[Foreign body sensation]
异物感
·
[Lose the sight (Lose of vision)]
失明
·
[Diminution of vision]
视力减退
·
[Nictition]
眨眼
·
[Ophthalmodynia
(Eye-ache;ocular pain)]
眼痛
·
[Photophobia]
畏光
·
[Spots before the eyes]
眼前黑点
·
[Deafness(Anacusia)]
耳聋
·
[Auditory dysesthesia]
听力减退
·
[Otalgia (Otodynia;pain in the ear
;ear-ache)]
耳痛
·
[Stuffy feeling
in the ear]
耳闭气
·
[Tinnitus]
耳鸣
·
[Outophony]
自声过强
·
[Nasal
obstruction (blockage)]
鼻塞
·
[Dryness of the
nose]
鼻干燥
·
[Rhinorrhea
(Snivel;Nasal discharge)]
流鼻涕
·
[Sneezing]
打喷嚏
·
[Snoring]
打鼾
·
[Hyposmia (Reduction of the sense of
smell)]
嗅觉减退
·
[Anosmia
(Complete loss of sense of smell)]
嗅觉丧失
·
[Dysphonia]
发音困难
·
[Hoarseness]
声嘶
·
[Pain on swallowing]
吞咽痛
·
[Saliva dribblies from the mouth]
流涎
·
[Troaty voice]
声音沙哑
·
[Stridor]
喘鸣
·
[Red and
swollen]
红肿
·
[Scurf]
头皮屑
·
[Show]
见红
·
[Amniotic fluid
escaped]
破水
·
[Uterine
contraction]
宫缩
·
[Acalculia]
计算不能
·
[Apathy]
情感淡漠
·
[Delusion]
妄想
4
、时间的表示方法
(
1
)月(
Month
)
·
[January,Jan.]
一月
·
[February,Feb.]
二月
·
[March,Mar.]
三月
·
[April,Apr.]
四月
·
[May]
五月
·
[June,Jun.]
六月
·
[July,Jul.]
七月
·
[August,Aug.]
八月
·
[September,Sept.]
九月
·
[October,Oct.]
十月
·
[November,Nov.]
十一月
·
[December,Dec.]
十二月
(
2
)周(
Week
)
·
[Monday]
星期一
·
[Tuesday]
星期二
·
[Wednesday]
星期三
·
[Thursday]
星期四
·
[Friday]
星期五
·
[Saturday]
星期六
·
[Sunday]
星期日
(
3
)年(
Year
)和日
[Day]
·
[1st (First)
year]
第
1
年
·
[2nd (Second)
year]
第
2
年
·
[3rd
(Third)year]
第
3
年
·
[4th (Forth)
year]
第
4
年
·
[One year
(day)] 1
年(天)
·
[Two years
(days)] 2
年(天)
·
[Whole year]
整年
·
[1st (First)] 1
日
·
[2rd (Second)]
2
日
·
[3rd (Third)] 3
日
·
[5th (Fifth)]
5
日
·
[Today]
今天
·明天
[Tomorrow]
·昨天
[Yesterday]
·前天
[The day bdfore
yesterday]
·后天
[The day after
tomorrow]
·大前天
[3 days ago]
·大后天
[3 days hence]
·今晚
[Tonight]
·昨晚
[Last night]
·明晚
[Next night]
·通宵
[All night]
·整天
[All day (the whole day)]
(
4
)季节
[
Season]
和时节
[Solar terms]
·春季
[Spring]
·夏季
[Summer]
·秋季
[Autumn]
·冬季
[Winter]
·立春(夏、秋、冬)
[the Beginning of
Spiring (Summer;Autumn;Winter)]
·小暑(雪、寒)
[Slight Heat
(Snow;Cold)]
·大暑(雪、寒)
[Great
Heat (Snow;Cold)]
·雨水
[Rain
Water]
·惊蛰
[the Waking of
Insects]
·春(秋)分
[the Spiring
(Autumnal) Equinox]
·清明
[Pure
Brightness]
·谷雨
[Grain Rain]
·小满
[Grain Full]
·芒种
[Grain in Ear]
·夏(冬至)
[the Summer (Winter)
Solstice]
·处暑
[the Limit of
Heat]
·白(寒)露
[White (Cold)
Dew]
·霜降
[
Frost’s
Descent
]
(
5
)时间的表示方法
·
In[
在??内(后)
]
▲在
2003
年
[In
2003]
▲在
3
月
[In March(Mar.)]
▲在去年
10
月
[In last Oct.]
▲在早晨
[In the morning]
▲在上午
[In the
forenoon]
▲在下午
[In the afternoon]
▲在晚上
[In the
evening]
▲在近
5
天
[In the past 5 days]
▲在
10
分钟后
[In 10 minutes]
▲在秋季
[In autumn]
▲在这
2
~
3
天内
[In a couple of days]
·
Within[
在??中
]
▲
在近
8
个月中
[Within the
last 8 months]
▲在过去的
2
年中
[Within the
preceding 2 years]
·
On[
在??时候
]
▲在
2002
的
9
月
18
日
[On
the
18th
of
September,2002(
英国
)or
On
s
ept.18th,2002(
美国
)
▲在星期三
[On
Wednesday]
▲在本月
7
日
[On 7th instant]
p>
·
At[
在??时
]
▲在中午
[At
noon]
▲在晚上
[At
night]
▲在昨晚
[At last
(preceding;previous )night]
▲在半夜
[At midnight]
▲在上午
10
点钟
[At 10AM]
< br>▲在
5
岁时
[At the
age of five]
▲在
2000
年底(中、初)
[At the end
(middle;beginning) of 2000]
·
p>
For[
计??时间
]
▲一周
[For one week]
▲近
2
个月来
[For the past 2 months]
▲几乎(整整)一年
[For nearly a month
(a full month)]
▲
3
个月左右
[For 3 months or
so]
▲至少
3
个月
[For at least 3 months]
▲
3
个月以上
[For more than 3 months]
▲
3
个月或以上
[For 3months or more]
▲时间不详
[For an
unknown(indefinite) period (time)]
·
p>
Of[
在??时期
]
▲
10
年内
[Of 10 years` duration]
▲期间
[Length of time]
▲
6
月
6
日
[The 6th of
June]
·
Dring[
在??期间
]
▲在
2000-2005
年的几年中
[During the years form 2000 to 2005]
▲在这
4
年中
[During four years]
▲在过去的几周中
[During the
past(Last) couple of weeks]
▲在夜间
[During the night]
▲整天
[During
the entire day]
·
About
[
约
]
▲约
1
个半小时
[About
one and half an hour]
▲大约半年
[About half a year]
·
To[
至;在??之前
]
▲从
今下午点至明上午
8
点
[Form 6
PM today to 8 AM tomorrow]
< br>▲
6
点
45
分
[At fifteen to seven]
·
From[
从??起
]
▲从
14
岁至
52
岁
[Fro
m 14 to 52 year-old]
▲从上
午
7
点
30
分
开始
[Form 7:30AM]
▲从周一至周五
[From Monday through
Friday]
·
Past
[
过去;超过
]
▲在过去的
3
周中
[In
the past 3 weeks]
▲
8
点
10
分
[ten minutes past eight]
·
Through or
throughout[
在??整个期间
]
▲通宵值班
[Be on
duty through the night]
▲从一月到六月
[From January through
June]
▲熬过明晚
[Through the next
nigut]
▲整天(晚)
[Throughout the day
(night)]
·
Ove
r[
在??期间
]
▲在过去的
2
个月内
< br>[Over the past two months]
▲一夜间
[Overnight]
(
6
)其他表示方法
·每月(年、日)一次
[Monthly (Yearly;
daily)]
·整整一年
[Yearlong
(Year-round)]
·满周岁
[Yearling]
·工作日
[Weekday]
·周末
[Weekend]
·每周末
[Weekends]
·<
/p>
8
小时工作日
[An eight-
hour day]
·整天
[Daylong]
·白天
[Daytime]
·昼夜
[Nighttime]
·日常的
[Day-to-day]
·夏令时间
[Daylight saving time]
·每晚
[Nightly]
·黄昏
[Nighfall]
·过期的
[Overdue]
·前天晚上(一夜间)
[Overnight]
·
After
[
在??之后
]
▲婚后
[After one`s marriage]
▲七点十分
[Ten after (past)
seven]
▲住(出)院后
[After
admission (discharge)]
▲起病后<
/p>
2
天
[2 days after
the onset(attack) of symptoms]
< br>·
Before[
在??之前
]
▲
7
点
50<
/p>
分之前
[Before seven fifty]
▲医生到达前
[Before the doctor
come]
▲以前未有种症状
[Have had not the
same symptom before]
·
Ago[
以前
]
▲
5
年前
[5
years ago]
▲直到一个月前
[Up to one
month ago]
▲大前天
[Three days
ago]
·
Prior
to[
在??之前
]
▲入(出)院前
[Prior to admission
(discharge)]
▲前天之前
[Prior to
the day before yesterday]
·
Up
to[
直到
]
▲直到
3
周前
[Up to 3 weeks ago]
▲直到现在(出院)
[Up to now
(discharge)]
·
Until or
till[
直到
]
▲直到
80
岁
[Until 80 years
old]
▲直到今晨
8
点
[Until 8 o`clock this moning]
▲直到医生查完房
[Until
the
doctor
have
finished
the
ward
round]
▲直到
3
年以前
[Until 3 years
ago]
▲直到出院前一天
[Until 1 day prior
to discharge]
·
By
[
在??之前
]
▲下午点钟前
[By 5 PM]
▲下个月之前
[By next
month]
·
Since[
从??开始
]
▲自从去年术后
[Since operation was
performed last year]
▲前天起
[Since the day before
yesterday]
▲从
2002
年
6
月起
[S
ince June 2002]
·超时
(
加班
)[Overtime]
·上午
8
点
[8
:
00AM]
·下午
2
点
30
分
[2
:
30PM]
·
7
p>
点
50
分
[Sev
en fifty (Ten to eight)]
·
9<
/p>
点
20
分
[Ni
ne twenty(Twenty past or after nine)]
·术前
[Pre-operation]
·术后
[Post-operation]
第三章
现病史
[History of present
illness (HPI/PI)]
现病史书写的重点包括:
一、主诉中症状的详细描述;
二、疾病的发展过程;
三、诊疗经过;
四、目前的一般情况。
1
、诱因
·无诱因下
[With no inducing
factors]
·无明显诱因下
[Under no
obvious predisposing causes]
·感冒一周后
[After getting
(catching) common cold for 1 week]
2
、症状出现的叙述
·有??症状
▲
suffer from
▲
have an attack of
▲
have(fell)
▲
begin to fell
▲
a feeling (sensation)
of
??
▲
complain (of)
▲??
sensation (feeling) in
(of)
??
▲
< br>[
发热
]have a temperature
(become feverish)
·在??情况下发生
▲活动时呼吸困难
[dyspnea on
exertion]
▲躺下后即出现咳嗽
[Cough
occurs soon after lying]
·与??有(无)关
▲与??有关
[be associated with]
▲与??有关
[have (make) relation
to]
▲与??无关
[have
(make)no relation to]
·在??情况下加重(减轻)
▲餐后加重
[become worse after
taking meals]
▲站立后缓解
[be
relieved by standing up]
▲随呼吸和咳嗽而加重
[become more
severe with breathing and
cough]
·伴有??
▲
be accompanied by
3
、起病方式
·急性腹痛
[acute abdominal pain]
·慢性低热
[chronic lower fever]
·暴发性发病
[the onset was
fulminating]
·骤起胸痛
[an
explosive onset of chest pain]
·突然起病伴高热
[the onset was
sudden with high fever]
·突发突止
[attacks began and
ended abruptly]
·因??而突然起病
[the attack is
precipitated by
??
]
·很快发生晕厥
[syncope occured
rapidly]
·逐渐出现咳嗽咳痰
[gradual
onset of cough and sputum]
·偶而
[occasionally
(sporadically, accidentally)]
·反复胸闷心悸
[recurrent (bouts of)
chest discomfort and palpitation]
·一过性发作
[transitory attack]
·连续胸痛
[chest pain
continually]
·时重时轻
[waned and
waxed]
·时好时坏
[hang in the
balance]
·不停地咳嗽
[have a fit
of cough]
·发作性呼吸困难
[paroxysmal short of
breath]
·频繁咳嗽
[cough
frequently (very often)]
·持续性(间歇性)
[persistent
(intermittent)]
·频发胸痛
[frequent episodes of
chest pain]
·持续不变
[be steady]
4
、病情变化描述
< br>·
[
症状好转
]
▲
fell better
than before
▲
take a
favorable turn
▲
take a turn for the better
▲
improve
▲
make favorable progress
▲
turn for the better
▲
change for the better
▲
be better
·
[
症状减轻
]
▲
alleviate
▲
reduce
▲
palliate
▲
diminish
▲
ease(lighten)
▲
mitigate
▲
subside
▲
regress
▲
clear up
▲
vanish
▲
dissolve
▲
die (fade) away
▲
relieve
▲
worsen
▲
become more severe
▲
take a turn for the worse
▲
be aggravated
▲
increase in severity
▲
take a bad turn
▲
make (become) more serious
▲
make (become) heavier
▲
remain the same
as
??
▲
continue without change
▲
be identical
▲
be alike
▲
be similar
▲
resemble
▲
hang in the balance
·
[
症状消失
]
▲
disappear
·
[
症状加重
]
▲
be
(make,become,get) worse
·
[
无变化
]
·
[
时好时坏
]
▲
wane and wax
·
[
体温
/
血压
升降
]
▲升至
[
rise (go up)
to ]
▲已升至
[have risen (gone
up) to ]
▲从??升至??
[go up from
??
to
??
]
▲升至
[be elevated to]
▲迅速下降
[fall (decline, abate)
abruptly]
▲骤降(升)
[sudden drop
(elevation)]
▲渐降(升)
[fall
(elevate) gradually]
▲缓慢下降
[slow crisis (lysis) of
]
▲一天天下降
[be (become) lower
day by day]
▲开始降低
[begin to
remit]
▲降至正常
[drop (was
reduced) to normal]
▲已降至
[have gone down
(dropped) to]
▲回复到正常
[return
(revert) to normal]
▲由??降(升)至??
[fall (elevate) f
rom
??
to
??
< br>]
▲维持在??水平
[maintain at a
level of
??
]
▲稳定在??
[stabilize
at
??
]
▲热退了
[fever disappeared]
▲不超过
[do not go up over
(exceed)
??
]
▲在??和??之间波动
[fluctuate (vary)
between
??
and
??
]
▲在??至??范围内
[range from
??
to
??
]
▲平均
38.5
℃
[an
average temperature of
38.5
℃
]
▲有
< br>39.2
℃的体温
[have fever (a
temperature) of 39.2
℃
]
5
、症状的时间表示
·持续
▲
lasted for 2
days
▲
have gone on for 1
month
▲
have continued for 10
hours
▲
lasted on the average
3-5 hours
▲
lasted a variable
time from 5 minutes to several hours
▲
lasted about half an hour
·超过(不到)
[move than (less
than)]
·??以前
[two years ago]
·多在??时发生
[usually between 3
and 5 PM]
·未发作过
[be free of
onsets (attacks) for 2 weeks]
6
、症状的严重程度
·轻度
[mild (slight)]
·中度
[moderate]
·重度
[severe (serious)]
7
、症状的其他描述方法
·
[
部位
]
▲
be located
(situated) in (over)[
位于
]
▲
There is localized pain in<
/p>
??
[
疼痛位于
]
▲
near
??
< br>[
在??附近
]
▲
be localized to (in,
over)[
局限于
]
▲
be limited (confined)
to[
局限于
]
▲心尖部,表示小的部位或点
[at the apex]
▲上腹部,表示大的部位
[in the upper
abdomen]
▲在左下肢,表示皮肤表面上(下)的病变
[on
(beneath) the
▲在右肺,表示正上方的相应体表部位
[over the
right lung]
▲嘴上(下)方,表示高低或上下的位置关系
[above
(below)
▲左乳皮下
[under the skin of the
left breast]
·
[
表示
部位的介词
]
left lower
limb]
the mouth]
·
[
转移
/
放射
]
▲转移到??
[shift
(migrate) to
??
]
▲放射到??
[radiate
(travel,go,refer)to
??
]
▲从??放射到??
[radiate from
??
to
??
]
▲耳痛
[otalgia (pain of ears)]
▲耳鸣
[tinnitus (ears ring)]
▲耳鸣
[a buzzing
(ringing,singing) in the ears]
▲左耳有耳鸣感
[a buzzing sensation
in the left ear]
▲耳聋
[deafness (loss in
hearing)]
▲左耳聋
[be deaf of
the left ear]
▲耳流脓
[otorrhea
(otopyorrhea)]
▲耳出血
[otorrhagia]
▲耳垢
[cerumen (earwax)]
▲耳血肿
[othematoma]
▲鼻塞
[nasal obstruction]
▲不能用鼻呼吸
[be unable to breathe
through (by) the nose
▲打喷涕和流涕
[sneezing and nasal
discharge]
▲水样鼻涕
[watery
rhinorrhea]
·
[
耳鼻咽
喉及口腔症状
]
(nasal
dyspnea)]
▲鼻出血
[nosebleed]
▲咽喉痛
[sore throat]
▲口吃
[stuttering]
▲口臭
[ozostomia
(saburra,halitosis)]
▲张口困难
[difficult (inability)
to open the mouth]
▲张口(吞咽、嚼)困难
[difficult in
opening the mouth
▲咽下困难
[dysphagia]
▲流涎多
[have excessive
salvation]
▲眼睑浮肿
[eyelid
edema]
▲眼痛
[pain in the eyes]
▲视边模糊
[blurring of vision
(blurred vision)]
▲过度流泪
[excessive tearing
(watering)]
▲视疲劳
[asthenopia
(visional tired)]
▲视力减退
[hypopsia (diminution
of vision)]
▲视力衰弱
[ophthalmocopia]
▲远(近)视力模糊
[indistinct distant
(near) vision]
▲失明
[loss of
vision]
▲搏动性牙痛
[throbbing
pain of tooth (odontalgia)]
▲牙龈出血
[gingival bleeding]
▲牙龈萎缩(增生)
[gingival
atrophy(hypertrophy)]
▲牙周溢脓
[peripyema]
▲月经过多
[excessive menstrual
flow (menorrhagia)]
▲月经多并伴血块
[experience
menorrhagia with passage of
▲经量少(中等、多)
[mild
(moderate,heavy) menses]
▲月经过少
[hypomenorrhea]
▲阴道出血
[vaginal
bleeding(colporrhagia)]
▲阴道大出血
[massive (profuse)
vaginal bleeding]
(swallowing
,
masticating)]
·
[
眼科及牙科症状
]
·
[
妇产科症状
]
clots]
▲无痛性(性交后)阴道出血
p>
[painless(postcoital) vaginal
▲阴道干燥
[colpoxerosis]
bleeding]
▲月经规则(不规则)
[rugular
(irregular) menstrual cycle]
▲月经周期
26
天,
持续
4
天
[menstrual periods of 26 days
and
▲白带增多
[leukorrhagia (profuse
leukorrhea or whites)]
▲外阴搔痒
[pruritus of vulva]
▲外阴湿疹(白斑)
[eczema
(leukoplakia) of vulva]
▲绝经
[amenorrhea]
▲停经
[menopause]
▲停
经
3
年
[3 years post
menopausal]
▲
50
岁停
经
[Passed menopause at age 50]
▲经前(期)痛
[pain before (during)
the flow]
▲预产期
[expected date
of confinement]
▲见红和破水
[show
and amniotic fluid escaped (rupture of
▲羊水过多(少)
[polyhydramnios
(oligohydramnios)]
▲月经期水肿
[menstrual edema]
▲月经失调
[menstrual disorder]
lasted 4 days]
membranes)]
▲性欲正常(减退)
[normal(decreased)
libido]
▲无性欲
[loss of libido]
▲性功能障碍
[sexual disorder]
▲性变态
[paraphilia]
▲性要求高(低)
[be
oversexed(undersexed)]
▲性感不快
[dypareunia]
▲性欲亢进(减退)
[hypersexuality
(hyposexuality)]
▲产程
[stage
of labor]
▲产程延长
[prolonged
labor]
▲产道裂伤(损伤)
[laceration
(injury) of birth canal]
▲产后腹痛(出血,尿潴留,子痫)
[postpartum
tormina
▲产前出血
[antepartum
hemorrhage]
▲产前子痫
[prenatal
eclampsia]
▲产前检查
[prenatal
examination]
▲产褥热
[puerperal
fever]
▲产褥期护理
[pureperal
care]
(hemorrhage,retention of urine,
eclampsia)]
▲妊娠呕吐
[vomiting of pregnancy
(hyperemesis gravidarum)]
▲妊娠反应
[pregnancy reaction]
▲妊娠高血压(水肿)
[gestation
hypertension (edema)]
▲一般情况尚可(一般、差)
[general
condition is fair (ordinary, bad)]
▲胃纳佳(差)
[have a good (poor)
appetite]
▲过度进食
[eat too much
(overeat, eat heavily)]
▲过少进食
[eat poorly (take
little food)]
▲无食欲
[have no
appetite]
▲食欲减退
[appetite
decreases]
▲口渴
[feel thirsty]
▲大量饮水
[drink water
generously]
▲体重增加
[gain in
weight]
▲体重增加
8
公斤<
/p>
[a 8 kilograms weight gain (gain 8
kilograms)]
▲体重减轻
[loss of
weight (weight loss)]
▲体重稳定不变
[body weight is
stable (unchanged, maintained)]
▲睡眠障碍
[somnipathy]
▲睡眠不足
[lack (want) of sleep]
▲不易入睡
[have trouble getting
to sleep]
▲容易入睡
[fall into a
sleep very easily]
▲睡眠过度
[hypersomnia]
▲睡行症
[sleep walking]
▲嗜(贪)睡
[somnolence (be fond
of sleep)]
▲夜晚因??而易醒
[easily
wakened at night because
of
??
]
▲失眠
[have insomnia]
▲睡眠差(好)
[sleep is poor
(good)]
▲消化不良
[dyspepsia
(have bad digestion)]
▲大(小)便通畅
[stool (urination)
is easy and smooth(unobstructed, clear)]
▲每日
2
次大便
[have
two stools daily]
▲含粘液的水样便
[watery stools
coutaining mucus]
▲便秘(腹泻)
[constipation
(diarrhea)]
▲排尿困难
[difficulty
in micturition]
▲尿频(急)
[frequency(urgency) of
micturition]
▲尿痛
[micturition
pain]
·
[
病程中的一般情况<
/p>
]
▲少尿(无尿、多尿)
[oliguria (anuria,
polyuria)]
▲大便失禁
[fecal
incontinence]
▲小便失禁
[incontinence of urine]
▲精神不振
[lassitude]
▲精神紧张(抑郁)
[mental stress
(depression)]
▲精神混乱
[confusion]
▲精神失常
[amentia (mental state
is bad)]
▲精神状态正常
[orthophrenia (mental
state is good)]
▲体力旺盛(不足,正常)
[hypersthenia
(hyposthenia, euthesia)]
第四章
过去史、系统回顾和个人史
(
Past history, systems
review and personal history
)
1
、过去史
[past
history]
·无药物(食物)过敏史
[no past
history of allergy to drugs (food )]
·有青霉素过敏史
[have allergic
history of pencillin]
·有肺结核接触史
[there was contact
histoy of lung tuberculosis]
·
2000
年
6
月因急性阑尾切除术
[Appendectomy was done in June, 2000
due to
acute appendicitis]
·健康状况佳(差)
[health state was
good (bad)]
·既往体健
[be well
(healthy) before]
·否认既往心、肺疾病史
[deny any history
of prior heart and lung disease]
·
10
岁时(
20
年前)曾
患过??
[suffered
from
??
at age
10(20 years ago)]
·易患??
[be
liable (subjuct, apt) to
??
]
·不详
[not in detail (not quite
clear)]
·外伤史
[rtauma history]
·预防接种史
[history of preventive
inoculation]
2
、系统回顾
[system
review]
·呼吸系统:咳嗽、咳痰、呼吸困难、胸痛、盗汗、发热
[respiratory system:
cough,
sputum, short of breath, chest pain, night
sweeting, fever.]
·
循环系统:
心悸、
胸痛、
气促、
咳
嗽和咯血、
水肿、
晕厥、
头晕
[Circulatory
system:
palpitation, chest pain, short of breath, cough
and hemoptysis, edema,
syncope,
dizziness.]
·
消化系统:
嗳气、
返酸、
腹胀、
腹痛、
腹泻、
恶心和呕吐
[alimentary
system:
belching, sour regurgitation,
abdominal distension, abd. pain, diarrhea, nausea
and vomiting.]
·
泌
尿系统:
排尿困难、
尿频和尿急、
尿痛
、
腹痛、
水肿
[urinary
system: difficulty
in
micturition,
frequency
and
rugency
of
micturition,
painful
micturition,
abdominal pain,
edema.]
·
造血系统:
乏力、
头晕、
心悸、
出血
[hematopoietic system:fatigue, dizziness,
palpitation, bleeding.]
·
内分泌系统:
心悸、
怕热、
< br>多汗、
烦渴、
水肿、
手抖、
p>
消瘦和肥胖
[endocrine
system:
palpitation,
heat
intolerance,
excessive
sweeting,
polydipsia,
edema,
hand tremble, wasting and obesity.]
·神经系统:头痛、晕厥、头晕和眩晕、失眠、偏瘫、失语
[nerv
ous system:
headache, coma, dizziness
and vertigo, insomnia, hemiplegia, aphasia.]
·运动系统:关节痛、麻木、跛行、瘫痪
[motor
system: joint pain, numbness,
claudication, paralysis.]
3
、个人史
[personal
history]
·出生于(出生地)
[was born
in (birthplace)]
·出生后一直生活
[have lived
in
??
(there) since birth]
·曾(未曾)去过北方
[have (deny
having) been to the north]
·
受教育程度
(文盲、
小学、
中学、
p>
大学)
[educational level
(illiterate, primary,
middle, high
grade)]
·业余爱好
[hobby (be fond
of, be keen of, interest)]
·从事??职业
[be engaged in]
·卫生习惯和嗜好
[health habit and
special addiction]
·不洁性交(性行为)史
[history of
unclean coitus (sexual behavior)]
·不吸烟
[ no smoking(not a
smoker)]
·吸烟
20
年,每
天
2
包
[have smoked
two packages
of cigarette a day
for 20
years]
·戒烟
[give up (stop) smoking]
·戒烟
[smoking abstinence
(withdrawal)]
·不饮酒
[no
alcohol use]
·偶而少量饮酒
[drink
little liquor occasionally]
·过度饮酒
[drink heavily (too
much)]
·每天饮酒
0.5
公斤
[drink (imbibe) about 0.5 kilogram a
day]
·酒精性饮料
[alcoholic
beverage]
·偏食
[food
preference (particular with food)]
·无偏食
[no likes or dislikes in
food]
·偏爱??
[have partiality
for (showe favoritism to, be partial to, like)]
第五章
月经、婚姻、生育史和家族史
[Menstrual, marrital and childbearing
history and family history]
1
、月经史
[menstrual
history]
·初潮年龄
[age of
menarche]
·月经周期
[menstrual
cycle]
·行经期
[menstrual
period]
·未次月经时间
[last
menstrual period (LMP)]
·闭经年龄
[age of menostasis]
·白带过多
[profuse leukorrhea
(whites)]
·月经过多
[menorrhagia
(hypermenorrhea, menometrorrhagia)]
·月经过少
[hypomenorrhea
(scantymenstruation)]
·月经过频
[polymenorrhea]
·月经稀发
[oligomenorrhea]
·月经不调
[menoxenia (irregular
menses, menstrual disorder)]
·月经正常
[eumenorrhea (regular
menses)]
·经前水肿(疼痛)
[premenstrual edema
(pain)]
·经量少(中、大)量
[mild
(moderate, heavy) meustrual blood]
·痛经
[dysmenorrhea (pain
during the flow)]
·
36
岁就停经了
[pass the menopause at age 36]
2
、婚姻史
[marrital
history]
·未婚(已婚)
[single
(married)]
·结婚年龄
[age of
wedding]
·配偶的健康状况
[health
status of partner (spouse)]
·性生活和谐(不和谐)
[sexual life is
harmonious (disorder)]
·夫妻关系和睦(不和睦)
[relation of
husband and wife is amicable (hostile)]
·近亲(非近亲)结婚
[consanguineous
(nonconsanguineous) marriage]
3
< br>、生育史
[childbearing history]
·妊娠(生育)次数和年龄
[times and age
of pregnancy (childbearing)]
·怀孕和生产次数
[pregnancies and
labors]
·
人工
(自然)
p>
流产次数
[times of induced
(spontaneous) abortion (miscarriage)]
·流产
[miscarriage(abortion)]
·死胎(产)
[dead fetus (birth)]
·割腹产
[caesarean birth (be
born by caesarean section)]
·子女数
[number of children]
·早产(儿)
[premature birth
(bady)]
·足月产
[term labor]
·产褥热(感染)
[puerperal fever
(infection)]
·计划生育
[family
planning (birth control)]
·用避孕环(药、油膏、套、
栓)避孕
[contraception
by
intrauterine
ring
(contraceptives, ointment, condom,
supposity)]
·节育手术
[contraceptive
operation]
·自然分娩
[be
delivered normally and spontaneously(spontaneous
labor)]
·产钳分免
[forceps
delivery(be delivered by forceps)
·产前(后
)子痫
[antepartum(postpartum) eclampsia] <
/p>
·出生时
3.5
公斤重,
48
厘米高
[3.5 kilograms and
48cm in height at birth]
·母乳喂养
[breast feeding (be fed
at breast)]
·人工喂养
[artificial
feeding]
·发育正常
[normal
development]
·
发育异常
(
停顿、
缺陷、
畸形
)[developmental
anomaly(arrest,defect,deformity)]
·发育迟缓
(过渡)
[hypoevolutism(hypergenesis)]
4
、家庭史
[family
history]
·父母(兄弟,姐妹和儿女)的健康状况和疾病情况
[health status and illness
of
parents (brothers,sisters and children)]
·同样疾病
[the same sickness]
·遗传疾病
[heredopathia (genetic
disease)]
·遗传特征
[hereditary
feature]
·死因
[cause of death]
·健康
[be healthy (be in good
healthy)]
·健在
[be living and
well]
·无??家族史
[no family
history of
??
]
·死于??
[die
of
??
]
第六章
体检(一般项目)
[Physical
examination(general items)]
·视诊
[inspection]
·触诊
[palpation]
·叩诊
[percussion]
·听诊
[auscultation]
·嗅诊
[olfactory examination]
·浅(深)触诊法
[light (deep)
palpation]
·
深
部
滑
行
(
深
压
,
双
手
,
冲
击
)
触
诊
法
[deep
slipping
(deep
press,bimanual,ballottement]
·间接(直接)叩诊
[indirect (direct)
percussion]
·
叩
诊
p>
音
(
过
清
音
,
清
音
,
浊
音
,
< br>鼓
音
,
实
音
)
[percussion
sound
(hyperresonance,resona
nce,dullness,tympany,flatness)]
·用钟(膜)型胸件听诊
[with the bell
(diaphragmatic) chestpiece ]
1
、体温
[temperature,
T]
·口(腋、肛)温
[oral (axillary,
rectal) temperature]
·经口(腋、肛)测的温度
[per mouth
(axilla, rectum)]
·摄氏与华氏换算
[Centigrade VS
Fahrenheit]
℃
=5/9(
℉
-32)
℉
=9/5
℃
+32
℃~℉
℃~℉
36.5
~
97.7
38.5
~
101.3
3
7.0
~
98.6
38.9
~
102.0
37.2
~
99.0
39.0
~
102.2
37.5
~
99.5
39.4
~
103.0
37.8
~
100
38.0
~
100.4
38.3
~
101.0
2
、脉搏
[pulse, P]
p>
·脉率
72
次
/<
/p>
分
[pulse 72 beats per minute(P
72 bpm)]
·搏动存在(消失)
[pulse are
present (absent)]
·速(缓)脉
[fast (slow) pulse]
·洪(细丝)脉
[bounding (small,
thready) pulse]
·水冲脉
[water
hammer pulse]
·交替脉
[alternating pulse]
40.0
~
104.0
40.5
~
104.9
41.0
~
105.8
·
37.5
℃
.orall
y(99.5
℉
)[
口温摄氏
37.5
度(华氏
99.5
度)
]
·奇脉
[paradoxical]
·二联(三联)脉
[bigeminal
(trigeminal) pulse]
·重脉
[dicrotic pulse]
·间歇脉
[intermittent pulse]
·陷落脉
[collapsing]
·不规则(规则)脉
[irregular(regular)
pulse]
3
、呼吸
[respiration,
R]
·呼吸频率
[respiratory rate
(RR)]
·呼吸频率
19
次
/
分
[RR 19 beats/min
(R 19 bpm)]
·规则(不规则)呼吸
[regular
(irregular) breathing]
·呼吸均匀
[eupnea]
·呼吸急促(缓慢)
[repid (slow)
breathing]
·呼吸停止(中断)
[pausal
(interrupted) breathing]
·呼吸骤停
[breath arrest]
·深(浅)呼吸
[deep (superficial)
breathing]
·呼吸困难
[dyspna
(short of breath)]
·呼吸费力
[labored breathing]
·胸(腹)式呼吸
[thoracic
(abdominal) breathing]
·张口呼吸
[mouth (buccal)
breathing]
·周期性呼吸
[periodic
respiration]
·库斯毛氏呼吸
[Kussmaul`s
respiration]
·陈
-
施
(潮式)呼吸
[Cheyne-Stokes (tidal)
respiration]
·间歇呼吸
[Biot`s
breathing]
·叹息样(胎儿
,
鼾样)呼吸
[sighing
(fetal,
stertorous)
respiration]
·口臭
[have foul (fetid) breath
(halitosis)]
·酮味呼吸
[a smell
of ketone]
·静息下(活动时)气促
[dyspnea at rest
(on exertion)]
·丙酮(氨臭,蒜臭)味
[acetone
(ammoniacal, alliaceous) odor]
·肝臭
[hepaticus fetor]
·腋臭
[bromidrosis]
4
、血压
[blood
pressure, BP]
·收缩(舒张)压
[systolic
(diastolic) blood pressure]
·血压
< br>20/12
千帕(
150/90
毫米汞柱)
[BP 20/12 kPa(150/90mmHg)]
1kPa=7.5mmHg (1mmHg=0.1333kPa)
< br>·
血压为收缩压
20
,
舒张压
12
千帕
[Bp
is 20 over 12 (Bp is 20 systolic and 12
diastolic)]
·测量血压
[take (measure, check )
Bp]
·坐(卧)位血压
[sitting (lying)
Bp]
·无创(有创)血压
[non-invasive
(invasive) Bp]
·脉压
[pulse
pressure]
·血压测不出
[Bp is
unavailable (unobtained)]
·左臂(右臂)血压
[Bp in left (right)
arm]
·双下肢血压
[Bp in both lower
limbs]
·袖带
[cuff]
5
、体位
[position]
·主动(被动、强迫)体位
[active
(passive, forced ) position]
·立(坐、卧)位
[upright (sitting,
dorsal) position]
·仰卧(俯卧)位
[supine (prone)
position]
·左(右)侧卧位
[left
(right) lateral (decubitus) position]
·蜷腿位
[coiled position]
·半卧位
[semi-reclining (semi-
recumbent) position]
·端坐位
[orthopnea position]
·胸膝(膝肘)位
[knee-chest (knee-
elbow) position]
·截石(分娩)位
[dorsosacral
(obstetric) position]
·角弓反张位
[opisthotonus
position]
·强迫蹲位
[compulsive
squattin]
·辗转体位
[alternative
position]
·头高(低)脚低(高)位
[high
(low) head and low(high) legs]
6
、神志和意识
[consciousness and mind]
·清醒(半清醒的)
[alert (semi-
conscious)]
·昏迷(半昏迷)的
[comatose (semi-
comatose)]
·无精打采的
[listless]
·思睡的
[somnolent (drowsy,
sleepy)]
·昏睡的
[lethargic]
·焦虑不安的
[anxious (restless,
apprehensive)]
·激动的
[excited
(irritable)]
·精神错乱的
[confused]
·意识障碍
[distrubance of
consciousness]
·谵妄
[delirium]
·抽搐
[convulsion]
·木僵的
[stuporous]
·合作佳(欠佳、差)
[cooperation is
good (not good enough, bad)]
·反应迟钝
[have a dull reaction]
·有(无)定向力
[be oriented
(disoriented)]
·朦胧状态
[be in a
mist tent]
·神志模糊
[blurred
(dim, vague) mind]
·失去知觉
[loss
consciousness(unconsciousness)]
·对疼痛刺激的反应
[reaction to
painful stimuli]
7
、面容
[facial
features]
·呈急(慢)性面容
[be in
acute (chronic) distress]
·病然面容
[critical facies]
·濒死面容
[hippocratic facies]
·苦笑面容
[sardonic facies]
·表情不安
[anxious
(distressing) expression]
·神情憔悴
[ haggard expression]
·贫血(肾病、肝病)面容
[anemic
(nephrotic, hepatic) facies]
·二尖瓣(伤寒)面容
[mitral (typhoid)
facies]
·满月(面具)面容
[moon
(masked) facies]
·肢端肥大症面容
[acromegaly facies]
·甲亢(粘液性水肿)面容
[hyperthyroid
(myxedema) facies]
·老年貌
[senile feature]
·颜面潮红(苍白)
[reddy (pale)
facies]
·面色红润
[florid facies]
8
、发育
[development]
·身高
[body height (length)]
·身材(高大、矮小)
[stature (tall,
dwarf)]
·体格(强壮、脆弱)
[physique
(strong, weak)]
·青春期
[adolescent spurt]
·体型
[habitus]
▲
无力(乏力、超力)型
[asthenic (ortho-
sthenic, sthenic) type]
▲
巨人症
(重体侏儒症、
奄人症)
[gigan
tism (pituitary dwarfism, eunuochism)]
▲
运动员体型
[athletic
type]
▲
矮胖(瘦长)型
[stocky
(lanky) type]
·一位发育良好(中等)的病人
[a well
(middle)-developed patient]
·发育不良(异常)
[hypoplasia
(dysplasia)]
·身高
171
厘米
[177cm in height]
9
、营养
[nutrition]
·营养良好(中等、不良)
[well (middle,
under)-nourished]
·良好、不良,中等
[well (poorly,
fairly)]
·肥胖
[obesity
(overweight,fat)]
·消瘦
[emaciation (underweight,
thin, lean)]
·恶液质
[cachexia]
·水牛背
[buffalo hump]
10
、姿势与步态
[posture
and gait]
·共济失调步态
[ataxic
(incoordination) gait]
·剪刀步态
[scissors gait]
·慌张步态
[festinating gait]
·跨域步态
[steppage gait]
·摇摆步态
[swaying gait]
·蹒跚步态
[reeling (staggering,
waddling) gait]
·闭目难立征
[Romberg`s sign]
·间歇性跛行
[intermittent
claudication]
11
、皮肤与粘膜
[skin and
mucosa]
▲
颜色
[color]
▲
苍白
(红色、
暗红、
p>
潮红、
粉红色)
[pallor
(redness, dusky redness, flush, pinky)]
▲
显得苍白
[be (look)
pale]
▲
紫绀(手足发绀)
[c
yanosis (acrocyanosis)]
▲
黄疸(黄染)
[jaundice
(stained yellow)]
▲
黑色素
[melanin]
▲
色素沉着过多(减退)
[hyper
pigmentation (depigmentation)]
▲
色素沉着增加
(
减少
)[pi
gmentation increase
(
decrease
)
]
▲
白癜(白斑)
[vitiligo
(leukoplakia)]
▲
雀斑(老年斑)
[fleck
(senile plague)]
▲
紫(妊娠)纹
[purple
(pregnant) striae]
▲
多血症
[be
plethoric]
▲
重度(中度、轻度)紫绀
[be
severely (moderately, slightly) cyanosis]
·湿度与弹性
[moisture and
elasticity]
▲
干燥(湿润)的
[dry
(moist)]
▲
湿冷
[cold
moist]
▲
冷(暖、热)
[cool
(warm, hot)]
▲
光滑(粗糙)的
[smooth
(rough)]
▲
光亮的
[shing]
▲
紧张(松弛)的
[taut
(loose)]
▲
软(硬)
[soft
(hard)]
▲
鳞状(皱纹)的
[scaly
(wrinkling)]
▲
有(无)弹性的
[elastic
(inelastic)]
▲
萎缩(肥厚)的
[atrophic
(hypertrophic)]
▲
皮下气肿
[subcutaneous emphysema]
▲
全身(局限)性水肿
[anasarca (localized edema)]
▲
凹陷性(非凹陷性)水肿(加重、减轻、消退)
[pitting (non-pitting) edema
(increase, decrease, subside)]
·皮损
[skin lesions]
▲
皮疹
[skin
eruption]
▲
斑疹
[maculae]
▲
玟瑰疹
[roseola
(rose spots)]
▲
丘疹
[papule]
▲
斑丘疹
[maculopapule]
▲
风疹
[rubella]
▲
疱疹
[belbs]
▲
斑片
[patch]
▲
斑块
[plaque]
▲
荨麻疹
[urticaria
(hives)]
▲
脱皮(屑)
[d
esquamation (excoriation)]
▲
蜘蛛痣
[spider
angioma]
▲
皮下小结
[su
bcutaneous nodules]
▲
瘢痕
[scar]
▲
痱子
[sudamen]
▲
水(血、脓)疱
[water
(blood, pus ) bpister]
▲
小(大)水疱
[vesicle
(bulla)]
▲
单纯疱疹
[herpes
simplex]
▲
风团(囊肿、肿瘤)
[wheal
(cyst, tumor)]
▲
皮屑(鳞屑)
[furfur
(scale)]
▲
结痂(焦痂)
[crust
(eschar)]
▲
溃疡(糜烂、皱裂)
[ulcer
(erosion, fissure)]
▲
肝掌(朱砂掌)
[liver
(erythema) palms]
▲
黄褐斑
[chloasma]
▲
环形红斑
[circinate
erythema]
▲
黑痣
[pigmented
nevas]
▲
胎记
[birthmark]
▲
疣(鸡眼)
[werruca
(clavus)]
▲
冻疮
[pernio]
▲
褥疮
[bedsore
(decubitus)]
▲
渗液
[exudate]
·出血
[bleeding]
▲
瘀点
[petechia]
▲
紫癜
[purpura]
▲
瘀斑
[ecchymosis]
▲
血肿
[hematoma]
▲
片状出血
[splinter
hemorrhage]
▲
渗血
[oozing of the
blood]
▲
压之褪色
[blanch on
pressure]
12
、头发与指甲
[hair and
nail]
·头发(稀疏、浓密、秃头)的
[hair
(sparse, dense, bald)]
·头皮
[scalp]
·粗(细)
[coarse (fine)]
·密(疏)
[thick (thin)]
·干性(油性)
[dry (oily)]
·有(无)光泽的
[lustrous
(lusterless)]
·多(少、无)毛
[hairy
(oligotrichosis, hairless)]
·脱发(斑秃、全秃)
[hair loss
(alopecia areata, baldness)]
·眉毛(阴毛、腋毛)稀少(过多)
[scant
(excessive) eyebrows (public hair,
axillary hair)]
·体毛(胡须)
[body hair(beard) ]
·全身性多毛症
[hypertrichosis
universalis]
·毛发的性状和分布
[quality and
distribution of the hair]
·甲变形(匙状甲)
[deformities of
nail (spoonnail)]
·薄(脆)甲
[thin (brittle) nail]
·甲脱落
[ongchoptosis]
13
、浅表淋巴结
[superficial lymph
nodes]
·浅表淋巴结未扪及
[be
no
palpable
superficial
lymph
nodes
(
?
can
not
be
palpated)]
·淋巴结肿大
[enlarged lymph nodes
(lymphnode enlargement)]
·部位
[site]
▲
全身(局部)
[general
(local)]
▲
耳前(后)淋巴结
[pre(post)-auricular nodes]
▲
枕后淋巴结
[occipital
nodes]
▲
颏下淋巴结
[submental
nodes]
▲
下颌淋巴结
[sub
maxillary nodes]
▲
颈前(后)淋巴结
p>
[anterior (posterior) cervical nodes]
▲
锁骨上淋巴结
[supraclavicu
lar nodes]
▲
滑车上淋巴结
[epitrochlear nodes]
▲
腋
窝
上
(
内
侧
,
前
,
< br>后
,
外
侧
)
淋
巴
结
[
axillary
top
(medial,anterior,posterior,lateral)]
p>
▲
腹股沟淋巴结(横组,纵组)
[ingu
inal nodes
(transverse
group,longitudinal
group)
lymphnode]
·大小
[size]
▲
4
×
2cm
大小
[4 by 2 cm in diameter (size)]
p>
▲
米粒
(豌豆,
核
桃,
小指,
拇指,
拳头,
手掌,
鸡蛋)
大小
[siz
e of a rice grain
(pea,walnut,small,rin
ger,thumb,fist,palm,hen’s egg)
]
▲
针头大小
[pinhead
size]
▲
苹果大小
[size
of an apple]
▲
小孩头(成人大小)
[
size of a(n) infant’s(man’s)
head
]
·形态
[shape]
▲
不规则
[irregular] <
/p>
▲
结节(颗粒、纺锤)状的
[tuber
ous (granular,spindle-shaped)]
▲
光滑(粗糙)的
[smooth
(coarse)]
▲
平坦(凹凸不平)的
[flat
(uneven)]
▲
球(椭园,卵园,园)形的
[globular (elliptical,oval,circular)]
·硬度和活动度
[hardness and
mobility]
▲
硬(软)
[hard
(soft)]
▲
石头(骨)样硬
[of
stone-like (bone-like)]
▲
可活动(固定)的
[movable
(fixed)]
▲
与周围组织(结构)固定
[be
fixed to the surrounding tissues (structures)]
▲
压痛
[tenderness]
▲
融合(粘连)
[fusion
(adhesion)]
▲
肿胀(疤痕)
[swelling
(fistula)]
第七章
体检(头颈部)
[Physical
examination(head and neck)]
1
、头颅
[cranium,skul
l]
·头颅变形
[deforming skull]
·头形(围)
[head contour
(circumference)]
·小颅(尖颅,巨颅)
[microcephalism
(acrocephalia,large skull)]
·长(短)头
[dolichocephalia
(brachycephalism)]
·方(塔)颅
[squared (tower)
skull]
·落日现象
[sitting sun
phenomenon]
·颅缝
[cranial
suture]
·前(后)囟门
[anterior
(posterior) fontanel]
·囟门膨出(塌陷)
[bulging
(edpressed) fontanel]
·囟门晚(早)闭
[delayded (earlier)
closure of the fontanel]
2
、眼球
[eyeball]
·眼球浮动
[ocular bobbing]
·眼球破裂
[eyeball rupture]
·眼球穿孔伤
[ocular-perforating
injury]
·眼球内异物
[intralcular
foreign body]
·眼距增宽(变窄)
[ocular
hypertelorism (hypotelorism)]
·眼球萎缩
[atrophy of eyeball]
·眼球突出(凹陷)
[exophthalmos
(enophthalmos)]
·眼球震颤
[nystagmus]
·眼球固定
[eyeball fixation
(stare)]
·眼球活动受限
[limitation
of eye movement]
·假眼
[ocular
prosthesis]
·眼外肌运动
[extraocular
movements]
3
、眼睑
[eyelids]
·睑内(外)翻
[entropion
(ectropion)]
·流泪
[lacrimation]
·上睑下垂
[ptosis]
·眼睑痉挛(松驰)
[blepharospasm
(blepharo-chalasis)]
·眼睑水肿(红肿)
[edema (redness and
swelling) of the eyelids]
·瞬目过少
[nictitation
diminution(lid lag )]
·瞬目过多
[frequent nictitation
(blinking)]
·眼裂缩小(增宽)
[blepharophimosis
(blepharodia stasis)]
·眼睑充血
[blepharal hyperemia]
·泪囊
[lacrimal sac ]
·睫毛反射
[eyelash reflexes]
·压眶反射
[reaction to pressure
on the supraocular notch]
·皱眉(皱额,闭目)
[raise eyebrows
(wrinkle forehead,force eyelids closing)]
4
、结膜
[conjunctive]
·结膜反射
[conjunctival reflexes]
·充血
[congestion]
·红(白)
[redness (pallor)]
·球结膜水肿
[chemosis]
·结膜滤泡(滤泡增生)
[conjunctival
follicle (folliculosis)]
·沙眼
[trachoma]
·胬肉
[pterygium]
·水样(脓性)分泌物
[watery (purulent)
discharge]
5
、角膜和巩膜
[cornea
and sclerae]
·角膜反射
[corneal
reflexes]
·角膜混浊
[cornea
opacity]
·透明(不透明)的
[transparent
(opaque)]
·异物
[foreign body]
·老年环
[arcus senilis]
·溃疡(穿孔)
[ulcer (perferation)]
·黄染(无黄染)
[stained yellow
(anicteric)]
6
、瞳孔
[pupil]
·右眼
[OD (oculus dextet)]
·左眼
[OS (oculus sinister)]
p>
·
2mm
大小
[2
mm in size]
·等大等园
[be equal
and round ]
·瞳孔大小不一
[unevenness of pupils
(anisocoria)]
·固定
[fixed]
·瞳孔缩小
[contraction of pupils
(miosis)]
·瞳孔散大
[dilation of
pupils (platycoria)]
·瞳孔畸形(闭锁)
[deformity
(seclusion) of pupils]
·直接(间接)对光反射
[direct
(consensual) response to light]
·瞳孔对光反射
(佳)
(差)
[good (poor) light
reflex of pupils]
·对光反射存在
[retain light
reflexes]
·调节反射
[accommodation reflex]
·辐辏反射
[convergence reflex]
7
、视力和视野
[Vision
and Visual fields]
·视力模糊(减退,差)
[blurred
(impaired, poor) Vision]
·弱视
[amblyopia]
·复视
[double vision
(diplopia)]
·斜视
[strabismus]
·麻痹性斜视
[paralytic squint]
·偏盲
[hemiscotosis]
·失明
[amaurosis (blindness)]
·夜盲
[night blindness]
·色盲
[color blindness]
·全色盲
[achromatopsia]
·绿(蓝)色盲
[achromatopsia
green(blue) blindness]
·红
-
p>
绿色盲
[red-green blindness]
·色弱
[color weakness]
·远视
[far-sightedness (far
–
sighted,hyeropia)]
·近视
[short-sightedness
(short-sighted,nearsightedness,myopia)]
·右(左)眼
200
度
[200
degree,OD(OS)]
·左(右)眼视力
[OS(OD) vision]
·视野完整
[full (intact) visual
fields]
·象限视野缺损
[tetarfanopia]
·单侧(双颞侧)缺损
[unilateral
(bitemporal) defect]
·视野缺损
[visual field defect]
·视野缩小
[contraction of visual
field]
8
、眼底和眼压
[fundus
and intraocular pressure]
·眼底镜检查
[fundoscopy
(ophthalmoscopy)]
·眼底清晰
[fundi are clear]
·小动脉(小静脉)
[arteriole
(venule)]
·小动脉狭窄
[narrow
arteriole]
·小动脉硬化
[arteriolosclerosis]
·微动脉瘤
[microaneurysm]
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇:《土力学》第二章习题集及详细解答要点
下一篇:220kV构架基础施工方案