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考研英语（阅读）
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试卷
147
(
总分：
60.00
，做题时间：
90
分钟
)
一、
Reading Comprehension(
总题数：
6
，分数：
< br>60.00)
1.
Section II
Reading Comprehension
（分数：
10.
00
）
_____________
__________________________________________________
___________________________
解析：
2.
Part ADirections: Read the
following four texts. Answer the questions below
each text by
choosing A, B, C or D.
（分数：
10.00
）
_______________________________________
__________________________________________________
_
解析：
Pretty
in
pink:
adult
women
do
not
remember
being
so
obsessed
with
the
colour,
yet
it
is
pervasive
in
our young girls
of the rainbow and,
though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it
also repeatedly and firmly
fuses
girls
identity
to
appearance.
Then
it
presents
that
connection,
even
among
two-year-olds,
between girls as not only innocent but
as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I
despaired at
the
singular
lack
of
imagination
about
girls
lives
and
interests.
Girls
attraction
to
pink
may
seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in
their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an
associate
professor of American
Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded
at all until the early
20th century, in
the era before domestic washing machines all
babies wore white as a practical
matter, since the only way of getting
clothes clean was to boil them.
What
girls
wore
what
were
thought
of
as
gender-
neutral
dresses.
When
nursery
colours
were
introduced,
pink was actually considered the more
masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which
was
associated with strength. Blue,
with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy
and
faithfulness,
symbolized
femininity.
It
was
not
until
the
mid-1980s,
when
amplifying
age
and
sex
differences
became
a
dominant
children
s
marketing
strategy,
that
pink
fully
came
into
its
own,
when it began to seem
inherently attractive to girls, part of what
defined them as female, at
least
for
the
first
few
critical
years.
I
had
not
realised
how
profoundly
marketing
trends
dictated
our perception of what is natural to
kids, including our core beliefs about their
psychological
development. Take the
toddler. I assumed that phase was something
experts developed after years
of
research into children
of childhood
consumerism, it was popularized as a marketing
trick by clothing manufacturers in
the
1930s.
Trade
publications
counselled
department
stores
that,
in
order
to
increase
sales,
they
should create a
after
developmental
stage.
Splitting
kids,
or
adults,
into
ever-tinier
categories
has
proved
a
sure-fire
way to boost
profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a
market is to magnify gender
differences
—
or
invent them where they did not previously exist.
（分数：
10.00
）
(1).By saying
（分数：
2.00
）
not be the sole representation of
girlhood.
√
not be associated with
girls
explain
girls
influence
girls
解析：解析：含义题。从作者的语气“such
a
tiny
slice”，“repeatedly”，及第一段结尾作者的态度
“I
despairedat the singular lack of imagination”可知，作者
认为女生的生活充斥着单一的粉色，
既无变化也无新意，粉色的东西不应该是女孩生活的
全部，就像彩虹有很多种颜色一样，所有
A
项符合题
意。
(2).According to
Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of col
ours?
（分数：
2.00
）
s are encoded in
girls
used to be regarded
as the colour for girls.
√
used to be a neutral
colour in symbolising genders.
is preferred by babies.
解析：
解析：细节题。根据关键词定位到第二段，由“Blue,…symbolized femininity”可
知蓝色曾经被
认为是女孩子的颜色，
B
项符合题意，故为正确答案。根据文章第二段第一句话，前半部分是说“女孩对
于粉色的
关注看起来好像是不可避免的，不知怎么的，就跟存在与她们的基因里一样”，
but<
/p>
之后是对前
者的否定，
故
A
项不对；
根据第二段的第
6
行“pink
was
actually
considered
the
moremasculine
colour”
可以看出
C
项也不对
；
根据第二段第
4
、
< br>5
行，
可以得知，
儿童穿白色是
属于以前的情况，
并非现在的事实，
而
D
项的时态是指一般现在时，时态不符合。
(3).The author suggests that our
perception of children
influenced by
（分数：
2.00
）
marketing of products for
children.
√
observation of children
ches into children
s of childhood consumption.
解析：解析：细节题。根据关键词定位到第三段首句，“我之前没有意识到，我们对孩子们所固有特性的
认知深受市场趋势的支配，包括我们对他们心理发展的核心看法”，这一句可以明显看出相关儿童
市场及
其产品在左右人们对儿童心理发展的看法上所起的重要作用。
B
、
C
、
D
项均曲解了原文的意思，只有
A
项<
/p>
符合文章的意思，故为正确答案。
(4).We may learn from Paragraph 4 that
department stores were advised to
（分数：
2.00
）
on infant wear and older
kids
equal importance to
different genders.
fy
consumers into smaller groups.
√
some common shoppers
解析：解析：细节题。根据关键词定位到原
文第四段“splitting
kids，
or
adults
，
into
even
一
tinier
categorieshas proved a
sure-
fire way to boost profits”，百货公司为了利
益最大化，尽可能细分儿
童服装市场。
C
项将消费者分为更小的群体，
符合题意，
为正确答案。
其他选项不是曲解原文就是没提到，
都不符合原文意思。
(5).It can be concluded that girl
s
（分数：
2.00
）
y explained by their
inborn tendency.
understood by clothing manufacturers.
imposed by profit-driven businessmen.
√
interpreted by psychological experts.
解析：解析：推断题。最后一段清晰地揭示了粉色“was
popularized as
a
marketing trick
by clothing
manu-
factures in the 1930s”．
所以女孩们对粉色的痴迷完全是商家主导的潮流。
C
项“主要受
利润驱
使的商人们的影响”符合原文，故为正确答案，其他几项均没有原文支撑。
Europe is not a gender-
equality heaven. In particular, the corporate
workplace will never be
completely
family-friendly until women are part of senior
management decisions, and Europe
top
corporate-governance
positions
remain
overwhelmingly
male.
Indeed,
women
hold
only
14
percent
of positions on
European corporate boards. The Europe Union is now
considering legislation to
compel
corporate
boards
to
maintain
a
certain
proportion
of
women
—
up
to
60
percent.
This
proposed
mandate
was
bora
of
frustration.
Last
year,
Europe
Commission
Vice
President
Viviane
Reding
issued
a
call to voluntary action. Reding invited
corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of
40 percent female board membership. But
her appeal was considered a failure: only 24
companies
took it up. Do we need quotas
to ensure that women can continue to climb the
corporate ladder
fairly
as
they
balance
work
and
family?
I
don
like
quotas,
Reding
said
recently.
I
like
what
the
quotas
do.
Quotas
get
action:
they
the
way
to
equality
and
they
break
through
the
glass
ceiling,
according
to
Reding,
a
result
seen
in
France
and
other
countries
with
legally binding provisions on placing
women in top business positions. I understand Redi
ng
reluctance
—
and
her frustration. I don
meritocracy,
governance by the capable. But, when one considers
the obstacles to achieving the
meritocratic ideal, it does look as if
a fairer world must be temporarily ordered. After
all,
four decades of evidence has now
shown that corporations in Europe as well as the
US are evading
the
meritocratic
hiring
and
promotion
of
women
to
top
positions
—
no
matter
how
much
pressure
is
put
upon
them.
When
women do
break
through
to
the
summit
of
corporate
power
—
as,
for
example
,
Sheryl Sandberg
recently
did at
Facebook
—
they
attract
massive attention
precisely
because they
remain the exception to the rule. If
appropriate pubic policies were in place to help
all
women
—
whether
CEOs or their children
—
and
all families, Sandberg would be no more
newsworthy than any other highly
capable person living in a more just society.
（分数：
10.00
）
(1).In the European corporate
workplace, generally
（分数：
2.00
）
take the lead.
have the
final say.
√
ate governance is overwhelmed.
management is family-
friendly.
解析：解析：细节题。根据关键词定位到第一段。倒数第二句说欧
洲的高管层中男性仍然占绝大多数，结
合首句“欧洲并不是性别平等的天堂”，
可知答案
B
项“男性有最终决策权”。
A
项“女性为首”、
D
项“高
级管理如家庭般友好”与原文相反。
C
< br>项是对文章
overwhelmingly
这个词出的干
扰项。
(2).The European Union
（分数：
2.00
）
A.a reflection of gender
balance.
√
B.a reluctant choice.
C.a response to Reding
D.a voluntary action.
解析：解析：
细节题。根据关键词定位到第二段。欧盟现在正在考虑立法来迫使董事会维持一定的女性比
例——最高将达到
60
％，可见这项立法是性别平等的表现，
因此选
A
项。
B
项中的“reluctant”是对
“Reding’s reluctance”出
的干扰项。
C
项“对
Reding
号召的反应”，
Reding
号召的是“v
oluntary
action”。
D
项“志愿行动”指的是签署达到性别平等目标的协议．与题意不符。
(3).According to Reding, quotas may
help women
（分数：
2.00
）
top business
positions.
√
through the glass ceiling.
e work and family.
pate legal results.
解析：解析：细节
题。根据关键词定位到第四段。
Reding
说她“不喜欢限额
，但喜欢限额达到的效果，它
可以通往性别平等之路并冲破‘玻璃天花板’”，
即帮助女性进入公司高层，
后面的例子也验证了这一点，
因此答案为
A
项。
B
项“see through”虽与原文“break
through”有一词之差，意思却不一样，
break
t
hrough“突破，
突围”，
see
through“识破，
看穿”。
C
项“平衡工作与家庭”、
D
项“预计法律后果”，
原文没有提及。
(4).The author<
/p>
（分数：
2.00
）
cism.
iveness.
erence.
al.
√
解析：解析：态度题。根据关键词定位到第五段。作者说理解
R
eding
，自己本身也不喜欢限额，但是既然
现在任人唯贤的
社会理想遇到了阻碍，就确实需要法律手段强行设定男女比例，因此作者是“赞成”的，
选
D
项。
A
项
“怀疑”、
B
项“客观”、
C
项“冷漠”均与原文不符。
(5).Women entering top management
become headlines due to the lack of
（分数：
2.00
）
social justice.
e media attention.
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