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福建省建设行业从业人员
施工单位的工程机械设备超出报废年限处理方法
引言
The introduction
p>
武警水电部队作为一支自负盈亏长期战斗在水电施工一线
的工程部队
,
足迹遍布全国各地,
施工中队主要以工程机械作业作为
施工手段,
笔者结合在藏木水电站工作两年的实践,
< br>对施工部队机械
设备的管理谈一些体会和看法。
Armed police hydropower
troops as a self-financing hydropower
construction for a long time a line of
engineering forces, footprints all
over
the
country,
the
construction
company
mainly
engaged
in
engineering
machinery
operation
as
a
means
of
construction,
the
author
combined
with
the
practice
of
two
years
experience
in
dam,
the
construction
unit
of
mechanical
equipment
management
talk
about some experiences
and views.
一、水利水电工程工程机械使用特点
A, water conservancy and
hydropower engineering construction
页脚内容
1
福建省建设行业从业人员
machinery use features
p>
水利水电工程施工中,
机械设备使用频繁,
从进场到使用,
主要存在以下三个特点:
Water
conservancy
and
hydropower
engineering
construction,
mechanical
equipment use frequently, from entry to use, there
are the
following three features:
p>
(
一
)
露天作业<
/p>
(a) outdoor job
p>
工程机械几乎都是露天作业,
工作环境恶劣。
为了确保工程
质量和施工进度,
就特别要求施工机械的工作可
靠性,
一旦发生故障
能够及时排除。
Engineering
machinery
are
almost
all
outdoor
homework,
poor
working
conditions.
In
order
to
ensure
the
engineering
quality
and
construction progress, special
requirements for the working reliability
of
construction
machinery,
in
the
event
of
failure
to
eliminate
in
a
timely manner.
页脚内容
2
福建省建设行业从业人员
(
二
p>
)
技术结构复杂
(2) technology is complicated
p>
工程机械品种繁多、技术结构复杂,涉及各个知识领域。机
械的造型
、使用、保养、维修、原理有着很强的技术性和经济性。
Engineering
machinery,
many
varieties
technology
complex,
involving
various
knowledge
domains.
The
modelling
of
mechanical
principle,
use,
maintenance,
repair,
has
a
strong
technicality
and
economy.
(
p>
三
)
设备流动性大
(3) the equipment liquidity
p>
由于工程项目部的都是中标后临时组建的,
施工地点流动性
大,机械转场频繁。工程机械小则一二十吨,大的上百顿。所以工程
机械
在转场工程中受道路及桥梁承载能力和隧道净高的限制,
转运起
来很困难。
页脚内容
3
福建省建设行业从业人员
Due
to
the
engineering
projects
are
temporary
form
after
winning
the
bid,
construction
site
fluidity
big,
mechanical
frequent
transitions. Engineering machinery
small YiErShiDun, hundreds of tons.
So
in
zhukovskiy
engineering
construction
machinery
by
roads
and
Bridges
and the tunnel clear height limit bearing
capacity, the transfer
is very
difficult.
二、工程机械设备使用管理中的几点体会
2,
engineering
machinery
and
equipment
used
in
the
management some
experiences
两年来,在设备使用管理中不断更新观念、改进方法,得出<
/p>
一下六个方面的体会:
For
two
years,
unceasingly
renew
the
idea,
the
improvement
in
the management of equipment use method,
draw the experience of
the six aspects:
p>
(
一
)
建立机械设
备管理制度,完善设备管理体制。
(a) establish mechanical equipment
management system, perfect
页脚内容
4
福建省建设行业从业人员
equipment management system.
p>
合理运用设备管理终身制,
建立健全设备技术档案,
设备购
入到报废全程跟踪闭合式管理,
电动吊篮普及设
备管理信息化和数字
化,实现设备资源共享。根据藏木水电站项目施工特点,建立了项目
施工的设备管理制度,确保有章可循。一方面严格落实“三定制度”
和“机长责任制”
,即定机、定人、定岗,并与机长签订机长岗位责
任书,定期对机长进行考评,确保机长有效履行职责。另一方面要求
严格遵守以
下使用制度:
1
、操作人员要严格遵守操作规程规范,认
真填写机械装备运行、保养记录;
2
、新机械
装备到场,必须对操作
人员进行技术培训和技术交底,试运转正常后,方可使用;
3
、投入
使用的机械装备必须处于完好状态,
不允许带故障运行和超负荷作
业;
4
、
机械装备的零部件不得任意拆卸,特殊情况确需拆卸时,要
做好记录后方可拆卸;
5
、经过大修、技术改造和重新安装的机械装
备,在投入使用前按照规定进行技术鉴定和验收;
6
、对库存和
封存
的机械装备,
按规定进行保养并妥善保管。
我部两年以来合理运用以
上设备管理制度,
设备完好率
大幅度提高,
月平均设备完好率保持在
85%
< br>以上。
Reasonable use system of life tenure in
equipment management,
establish
and
improve
the
equipment
technical
documents,
equipment
purchases
to
scrap
the
whole
track
closed
type
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5
福建省建设行业从业人员
management,
popularization
of
equipment
management
informatization
and
digitization,
and
realize
the
equipment
resource
sharing.
According
to
characteristics
of
dam
project
construction,
project
construction
of
the
equipment
management
system
is
established,
make
sure
there
is.
On
the
one
hand,
strict
implementation
of
system
and
responsibility
system
with
the
pilot
and
the
pilot
job
responsibility,
to
assessment
of
the
captain, on a regular basis to ensure
effective perform his duties. On
the
other
hand
requires
strict
adherence
to
the
following
system:
1,
operating
personnel
should
strictly
abide
by
the
procedures
specification
and
fill
in
machinery
and
equipment
operation,
maintenance
records; 2, new machinery and equipment, to
operating
personnel
for
technical
training
and
technical
clarificaiton,
after
test
run normally, can use;
3 and put into use of machinery and equipment
must
be
in
good
condition
and
not
allowed
to
run
with
faults
and
overload
operation;
4,
machinery
and
equipment
parts
shall
not
be
arbitrarily
disassembled,
special
circumstances
is
really
necessary
is
disassembled,
should
be
recorded
in
the
rear
removable;
5,
after
major
repair,
technological
transformation,
and
reinstall
the
machinery and equipment, before put
into use, in accordance with the
provisions of technical appraisal
and acceptance; 6, to the
inventory
页脚内容
6
福建省建设行业从业人员
and
storage of machinery and equipment, according to
the rules for
maintenance
and
safekeeping.
I
two
years
reasonable
use
of
the
above
equipment
management
system,
greatly
improve
equipment
intact
rate,
average
monthly
equipment
intact
rate
remains
above
85%.
(
p>
二
)
因地制宜,根据实际情况做好工程机械
的配套使用工
作,确保效益最大化。
(2)
adjust
measures
to
local
conditions,
according
to
the
actual
situation
to
do
a
good
job
of
supporting
the
use
of
engineering
machinery, to
ensure maximum benefits.
在项目化施工中,
机械的配套使用是否合理,
将直接关系到
施工进度、质
量和成本,是优质、高产、低耗地完成施工生产任务和
充分发挥机械效能的关键。
做好机械设备的配套使用,
主要有以下几
个方
面:
1
)编好设备使用计划。根据施工组织设计编制使用计划。
编制时要采用分析、统筹、
预测等方法,计算机械施工的工程量
和施
工进度,
作为选择调配机械类型、
台数的依据,
以尽量避免大机小用,
早要迟用,既要保证施工需
要,又不使机械停置,或不能充分发挥其
效益。
2
)分析选用设备。任何工种工程配备的施工设备,不仅有机
种上的选用,还有
机型、规格上的选择。在满足施工生产要求的前提
页脚内容
7<
/p>
福建省建设行业从业人员
下,对不同类型的设备施工方案,从经济性进行分析比较。即将几种
不同的
方案,
计算单位实物工程量的成本费,
取其最小者为经济最佳<
/p>
方案。对于同类型的设备施工方案,如其规格、型号不相同,也可以
进行分析比较择优选用。
3
)机械的配套使用原则。要使选用
的机械
达到高效率,必须做到合理配套,具体讲有以下几个方面:一是工序
设备配套。如土石方工程中,不仅有挖土、运土机械,还有平整、压
实机械,
要做到机种、
数量和工序配套。
二是设
备的规格、
能力配套。
如自卸车应和挖掘、
装载机的容量相适应。
三是配套设备中应以关键
及大型设备
为基准,
其它配套设备都应确保关键及大型设备充分发挥
效率为
选配标准。
合理做好设备配套使用工作,
有效提高了我部装备<
/p>
使用效率,两年来我部工程机械设备平均出勤率达到
85%
。
During
the
construction
of
a
project,
supporting
the
use
of
machinery
is
reasonable,
will
directly
related
to
the
construction
schedule,
quality
and
cost,
and
is
high
quality,
high
yield,
low
consumption
for
construction
production
tasks
and
give
full
play
to
the mechanical efficiency of the key.
Ready for supporting the use of
machinery and equipment, mainly has the
following several aspects: 1)
making
equipment
by
using
plan.
According
to
the
use
plan
of
construction
organization
design.
Analysis
should
be
used
when
compiling,
plan
as
a
whole,
methods
of
prediction,
calculation
of
mechanical construction
and construction schedule of quantities and
页脚内容
8
福建省建设行业从业人员
as
a
basis
for
the
option
allocate
mechanical
type,
the
Numbers,
in
order
to avoid big machine for small, early to late,
both to ensure the
construction needs,
and the mechanical stop, or cannot make full use
of
its
benefits.
2)
analysis
to
choose
equipment.
Any
type
of
work
project
with
construction
equipment,
the
selection
of
organic
plant,
not only have choice models,
specifications. To meet the construction
under
the
premise
of
production
requirements,
different
types
of
equipment
construction
plan,
from
the
economy
carries
on
the
analysis
comparison. The several different scheme, physical
quantities
in
the
cost
calculation
unit,
take
the
minimum
for
economic
best
solution.
Construction
schemes
for
the
same
type
of
equipment,
as
the
specification,
type,
also
can
select
carries
on
the
analysis
comparison.
3)
supporting
the
use
of
mechanical
principle.
To
make
use
of
machinery
to
achieve
high
efficiency,
we
must
accomplish
reasonable
matching,
specifically
has
the
following
several
aspects:
one is the process equipment. As
conditions in engineering, not only
of
digging,
earthmoving
machinery,
and
level
off,
compaction
machinery, to do
model, quantity, and supporting processes. Second
is
the
specifications
of
the
equipment,
supporting
ability.
Such
as
capacity
of
dump
truck
should
dig
and
loader.
3
it
is
to
form
a
complete
set
of
equipment
should
be
based
on
key
and
large
equipment,
other
equipment
shall
ensure
that
the
key
and
large
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