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施工单位的工程机械设备超出报废年限处理方法

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2021-02-28 06:28
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2021年2月28日发(作者:lipservice)


福建省建设行业从业人员











施工单位的工程机械设备超出报废年限处理方法





引言




The introduction






武警水电部队作为一支自负盈亏长期战斗在水电施工一线


的工程部队 ,


足迹遍布全国各地,


施工中队主要以工程机械作业作为


施工手段,


笔者结合在藏木水电站工作两年的实践,

< br>对施工部队机械


设备的管理谈一些体会和看法。




Armed police hydropower troops as a self-financing hydropower


construction for a long time a line of engineering forces, footprints all


over


the


country,


the


construction


company


mainly


engaged


in


engineering


machinery


operation


as


a


means


of


construction,


the


author


combined


with


the


practice


of


two


years


experience


in


dam,


the


construction


unit


of


mechanical


equipment


management


talk


about some experiences and views.






一、水利水电工程工程机械使用特点




A, water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction


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1



福建省建设行业从业人员



machinery use features







水利水电工程施工中,


机械设备使用频繁,


从进场到使用,


主要存在以下三个特点:




Water


conservancy


and


hydropower


engineering


construction,


mechanical equipment use frequently, from entry to use, there are the


following three features:






(



)


露天作业< /p>




(a) outdoor job






工程机械几乎都是露天作业,


工作环境恶劣。


为了确保工程


质量和施工进度,


就特别要求施工机械的工作可 靠性,


一旦发生故障


能够及时排除。




Engineering


machinery


are


almost


all


outdoor


homework,


poor


working


conditions.


In


order


to


ensure


the


engineering


quality


and


construction progress, special requirements for the working reliability


of


construction


machinery,


in


the


event


of


failure


to


eliminate


in


a


timely manner.



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2



福建省建设行业从业人员






(



)


技术结构复杂




(2) technology is complicated






工程机械品种繁多、技术结构复杂,涉及各个知识领域。机


械的造型 、使用、保养、维修、原理有着很强的技术性和经济性。




Engineering


machinery,


many


varieties


technology


complex,


involving


various


knowledge


domains.


The


modelling


of


mechanical


principle,


use,


maintenance,


repair,


has


a


strong


technicality


and


economy.






(



)


设备流动性大




(3) the equipment liquidity






由于工程项目部的都是中标后临时组建的,


施工地点流动性


大,机械转场频繁。工程机械小则一二十吨,大的上百顿。所以工程


机械 在转场工程中受道路及桥梁承载能力和隧道净高的限制,


转运起


来很困难。




页脚内容


3



福建省建设行业从业人员



Due


to


the


engineering


projects


are


temporary


form


after


winning


the


bid,


construction


site


fluidity


big,


mechanical


frequent


transitions. Engineering machinery small YiErShiDun, hundreds of tons.


So


in


zhukovskiy


engineering


construction


machinery


by


roads


and


Bridges and the tunnel clear height limit bearing capacity, the transfer


is very difficult.






二、工程机械设备使用管理中的几点体会




2,


engineering


machinery


and


equipment


used


in


the


management some experiences






两年来,在设备使用管理中不断更新观念、改进方法,得出< /p>


一下六个方面的体会:




For


two


years,


unceasingly


renew


the


idea,


the


improvement


in


the management of equipment use method, draw the experience of


the six aspects:






(



)


建立机械设 备管理制度,完善设备管理体制。




(a) establish mechanical equipment management system, perfect


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4



福建省建设行业从业人员



equipment management system.






合理运用设备管理终身制,


建立健全设备技术档案,


设备购


入到报废全程跟踪闭合式管理,


电动吊篮普及设 备管理信息化和数字


化,实现设备资源共享。根据藏木水电站项目施工特点,建立了项目


施工的设备管理制度,确保有章可循。一方面严格落实“三定制度”

和“机长责任制”


,即定机、定人、定岗,并与机长签订机长岗位责


任书,定期对机长进行考评,确保机长有效履行职责。另一方面要求


严格遵守以 下使用制度:


1


、操作人员要严格遵守操作规程规范,认


真填写机械装备运行、保养记录;


2


、新机械 装备到场,必须对操作


人员进行技术培训和技术交底,试运转正常后,方可使用;


3


、投入


使用的机械装备必须处于完好状态, 不允许带故障运行和超负荷作


业;


4


、 机械装备的零部件不得任意拆卸,特殊情况确需拆卸时,要


做好记录后方可拆卸;


5


、经过大修、技术改造和重新安装的机械装


备,在投入使用前按照规定进行技术鉴定和验收;


6


、对库存和 封存


的机械装备,


按规定进行保养并妥善保管。


我部两年以来合理运用以


上设备管理制度,


设备完好率 大幅度提高,


月平均设备完好率保持在


85%

< br>以上。




Reasonable use system of life tenure in equipment management,


establish


and


improve


the


equipment


technical


documents,


equipment


purchases


to


scrap


the


whole


track


closed


type


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5



福建省建设行业从业人员



management,


popularization


of


equipment


management


informatization


and


digitization,


and


realize


the


equipment


resource


sharing.


According


to


characteristics


of


dam


project


construction,


project


construction


of


the


equipment


management


system


is


established,


make


sure


there


is.


On


the


one


hand,


strict


implementation


of



system


and



responsibility


system


with


the


pilot


and


the


pilot


job


responsibility,


to


assessment


of


the


captain, on a regular basis to ensure effective perform his duties. On


the


other


hand


requires


strict


adherence


to


the


following


system:


1,


operating


personnel


should


strictly


abide


by


the


procedures


specification


and


fill


in


machinery


and


equipment


operation,


maintenance records; 2, new machinery and equipment, to operating


personnel


for


technical


training


and


technical


clarificaiton,


after


test


run normally, can use; 3 and put into use of machinery and equipment


must


be


in


good


condition


and


not


allowed


to


run


with


faults


and


overload


operation;


4,


machinery


and


equipment


parts


shall


not


be


arbitrarily


disassembled,


special


circumstances


is


really


necessary


is


disassembled,


should


be


recorded


in


the


rear


removable;


5,


after


major


repair,


technological


transformation,


and


reinstall


the


machinery and equipment, before put into use, in accordance with the


provisions of technical appraisal


and acceptance; 6, to the


inventory


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6



福建省建设行业从业人员



and storage of machinery and equipment, according to the rules for


maintenance


and


safekeeping.


I


two


years


reasonable


use


of


the


above


equipment


management


system,


greatly


improve


equipment


intact


rate,


average


monthly


equipment


intact


rate


remains


above


85%.






(



)


因地制宜,根据实际情况做好工程机械 的配套使用工


作,确保效益最大化。




(2)


adjust


measures


to


local


conditions,


according


to


the


actual


situation


to


do


a


good


job


of


supporting


the


use


of


engineering


machinery, to ensure maximum benefits.






在项目化施工中,


机械的配套使用是否合理,


将直接关系到


施工进度、质 量和成本,是优质、高产、低耗地完成施工生产任务和


充分发挥机械效能的关键。


做好机械设备的配套使用,


主要有以下几


个方 面:


1


)编好设备使用计划。根据施工组织设计编制使用计划。


编制时要采用分析、统筹、


预测等方法,计算机械施工的工程量 和施


工进度,


作为选择调配机械类型、


台数的依据,


以尽量避免大机小用,


早要迟用,既要保证施工需 要,又不使机械停置,或不能充分发挥其


效益。


2


)分析选用设备。任何工种工程配备的施工设备,不仅有机


种上的选用,还有 机型、规格上的选择。在满足施工生产要求的前提


页脚内容


7< /p>



福建省建设行业从业人员


< p>
下,对不同类型的设备施工方案,从经济性进行分析比较。即将几种


不同的 方案,


计算单位实物工程量的成本费,


取其最小者为经济最佳< /p>


方案。对于同类型的设备施工方案,如其规格、型号不相同,也可以


进行分析比较择优选用。


3


)机械的配套使用原则。要使选用 的机械


达到高效率,必须做到合理配套,具体讲有以下几个方面:一是工序


设备配套。如土石方工程中,不仅有挖土、运土机械,还有平整、压


实机械,


要做到机种、


数量和工序配套。


二是设 备的规格、


能力配套。


如自卸车应和挖掘、

装载机的容量相适应。


三是配套设备中应以关键


及大型设备 为基准,


其它配套设备都应确保关键及大型设备充分发挥


效率为 选配标准。


合理做好设备配套使用工作,


有效提高了我部装备< /p>


使用效率,两年来我部工程机械设备平均出勤率达到


85%





During


the


construction


of


a


project,


supporting


the


use


of


machinery


is


reasonable,


will


directly


related


to


the


construction


schedule,


quality


and


cost,


and


is


high


quality,


high


yield,


low


consumption


for


construction


production


tasks


and


give


full


play


to


the mechanical efficiency of the key. Ready for supporting the use of


machinery and equipment, mainly has the following several aspects: 1)


making


equipment


by


using


plan.


According


to


the


use


plan


of


construction


organization


design.


Analysis


should


be


used


when


compiling,


plan


as


a


whole,


methods


of


prediction,


calculation


of


mechanical construction and construction schedule of quantities and


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8



福建省建设行业从业人员



as


a


basis


for


the


option


allocate


mechanical


type,


the


Numbers,


in


order to avoid big machine for small, early to late, both to ensure the


construction needs, and the mechanical stop, or cannot make full use


of


its


benefits.


2)


analysis


to


choose


equipment.


Any


type


of


work


project


with


construction


equipment,


the


selection


of


organic


plant,


not only have choice models, specifications. To meet the construction


under


the


premise


of


production


requirements,


different


types


of


equipment


construction


plan,


from


the


economy


carries


on


the


analysis comparison. The several different scheme, physical quantities


in


the


cost


calculation


unit,


take


the


minimum


for


economic


best


solution.


Construction


schemes


for


the


same


type


of


equipment,


as


the


specification,


type,


also


can


select


carries


on


the


analysis


comparison.


3)


supporting


the


use


of


mechanical


principle.


To


make


use


of


machinery


to


achieve


high


efficiency,


we


must


accomplish


reasonable


matching,


specifically


has


the


following


several


aspects:


one is the process equipment. As conditions in engineering, not only


of


digging,


earthmoving


machinery,


and


level


off,


compaction


machinery, to do model, quantity, and supporting processes. Second


is


the


specifications


of


the


equipment,


supporting


ability.


Such


as


capacity


of


dump


truck


should


dig


and


loader.


3


it


is


to


form


a


complete


set


of


equipment


should


be


based


on


key


and


large


equipment,


other


equipment


shall


ensure


that


the


key


and


large


页脚内容


9


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