新标准大学英语视听说教程4-听力原文及翻译

新标准大学英语视听说教程

听力原文及翻译< /p>

4-

Unit 1

Outsideview

Conversation 1

Li:What a wonderful view! This is such a great city!Do you ever get tired of living in London, Andy?

A;

Li:That's a quotation by Samuel Johnson, isn't it?

A:Correct,so do you have any plans when you finish at Oxford?

Li: I've got another year to go and then I suppose I'll go back home.

A; And you will find a job?

Li:I think I have to do my Master's before I look for I must admit London is very you think you would ever leave

London?

A:Sure, I'd love to come to china one day, and I like traveling. But i think I'll always come back here.

Li:Well, your roots are here and there are so many opportunities.

A;But have you ever thought of living in London for a year or two?

Li:Yes,

but

what

could

I

do

here?

I

had

planned

to

become

a

i

have

often

thought

if

there

was a

job

i

could

do

here

in

publishing,maybe as an editor, I'll go for it.

A:That's sounds like a great idea.I think that would really suit you

Li:Maybe I should update my CV and send it to one or two publisher.

A:Don't make it look too good

Li:Why not?

A;Well,if you enjoy working with London Time Off, we don't want you working with anyone else

Li:Oh, working with you and Joe it's great fun and really interesting. I couldn't think of a better way to find out about a city

A;So maybe you should think about applying for a job with us

Li:But do you think I'd stand a chance(

有可能，有希望

)?I mean, I'm not sure if Joe likes me

A:Don't even think about it!Joe is very straight talking and I promise you that you'd know if he didn't like you.

Li:Perhaps we should both update our CVs and look for jobs together

A:Hey,right!That would be fun.

Conversation 2

Li:Talking about future plans,how do you see your career developing?

A:My career?Well, I like working for

London Time 's a part of a larger media company called Lift off USA,so there are lots of

...

Li:But...What?

A:It's not always very easy working with Joe.I mean,I kind of think he has a different agenda

（

different way of thinking from Andy

不一

样的想法）

.I like his work, but sometimes I don't think his heart is in his job.

Li:How did he end up in London?

A:He did media studies in the States,and then found work as a gofer

（杂工）

at Lift off USA in New York.

Li:What's a gofer?

A:Go for this,go for 's a word for the least experienced person in the film and TV he came to London and got a

proper job as a researcher at Lift off UK,and then after a few years he got the producer's job in London Time Off

Li:He is good at his job,isn't he?

A:Yes,he is confident and competent at what he does,so the people who work with him rate him quite highly

（

speak highly of

）

.

Li:Except you?

A:No,I rate him I get on with him quite well,although we are not best budies or anything like that,it's just...I want his job!

Li:Now we know your little secret.I promise I won't tell anyone

A:Janet,there was something I was going to ask you...

Li:Sure,what is it?

A:I was wondering...oh,it's ,all this talk about your future career is making me 's go for a drink.

Li:Who is round ?

A:You...

Outsideview :How to get a job

a

big day!Your life is about to

begin!And then your parents say...

first job out of college can be pretty g all the job listing is so trying to figure out what the actual job is can be

ing through the want ads can be so writing your resume is really hard work.

—

the whole process is pretty tough.

性格外向 的人

).Definitely.

want to know about me?

Even though I was trying really hard,even though I had sent out about 300 resumes,even though I

asked all my friend and

relatives if they knew of anything.I wasn't getting anywhere!Despite all my best efforts,I was still unemployed.

（顾问）

?I'll pay for ng to help you get a job!

So I figure,heck,why not?I met with Phyllis Stein,a professional job coach.

the position and the latter,she coaching me on my interviewing skills.

learn from ?

standard.

—

my mom is a social worker,and my dad is an engineer.

（归结为）

to preparation,presentation,

and understanding what the interviewer is looking for

(Watching the videotape)

about your parents and that you want to live in may need you to be able to be a use some examples

in your life from being a troubleshooter.

need to be sure that you stay,sort of ,on target with preventing,presenting yourself in the strongest possible way.

This time I felt a lot more confident when I went in for the interview.

you.

a bed-and- breakfast.

them what they needed,and handled any complains.

Making a good first impression is the most important part of a job interview.

Arriving on time and being confident are the most important parts of a job interview.

It's very important that you are being confident and you're being clear in your answers and listening carefully

Not fidgeting

（坐立不安，烦躁）

and being confident are the most important things in a job interview.

Writing a thank-you note is the most important thing you want to do after a job interview/

And go in there with a firm handshake.

Listening in

what successful people are like...It is only by asking where they are from that we can unravel the logic

behind who succeed and who doesn't

This is the basic idea of an intriguing book called Outliers, by the American journalist Malclom book explores the

factors which contribute to people who are extremely successful in their careers, for example, the role the family , culture

and friend

play.

Gladwell examines the causes of why the majority of Canada ice hokey players are born in the first few months of the calender

year,what

the

founder

of

Microsoft

Bill

Gates

did

to

achieve

his

extraordinary

success,and

why

the

Beatles

managed

to

redefine

the

whole of popular music in the 1960s.

Gladwell points out that the youth hockey league in Canada recruits from January the first, so that players born early in the year

are

bigger,stronger

and

better

athletes

than

others

born

later

in

the

because

they

have

this

advantage

at

the

start

of

their

sports career,they're given extra coaching,and so there's a greater chance that they'll be picked for an elite hockey team in the future.

He

calls

this

phenomenon

accumulative

advantage

（积累优势）

,a

bit

like

the

idea

that

the

rich

get

richer

and

the

poor

get

s depends on the process by which talented athletes are identified as much as it does on their own abilities.

Another

aspect

which

contributes

to

success

is

the

10000

hour

success

demands

an

enormous

amount

of

time

for

practise and example,the Beatles performed live in Hamburg Germany more than 1200times over four years,much more

than the 10000 hours Gladwell claim is necessary for great by the time they returned to England,they had developed their

talente and sounded completely different from any other group.

In

the

same

way,Bill

Gates

had

thousands

of

hours'

worth

of

programming

because

he

had

access

to

a

computer

at

his

high

also became a teenager just at the right time to take advantage of the latest developments in computer technology.

Outliers has met with extraordinary sucess,matched only by Gladwell's own career for 25 years in a result, many

citics have seen it as an autobiography, in which the writer appears to be apologizing for his own personal the ides

that

you

have

to

be

born

at

the

right

moment,in

the

right

place

and

in

the

right

family,and

then

you

have

to

work

really

hard

is

a

thought-provoking way

of

revisiting

our

traditional

view

of genius and

great

's

certainly worth

reading,as

long

as

you

don't take it too seriously.

Listening in 2

P:Hi,we are talking about typical working hours in the US and in ...um...you're from the States,tell me what are the typical

working hours in the States?

E:Er...traditionally people go to work at 9o'clock in the morning and they finish at about 5,so sort of a 9to 5.

P:And,and Penny I...I know you're English but you work in Brazil,what are the hours in Brazil?

Penny:Um varies slightly,sometimes you can start um on an early shift,say,8o'clock in the

morning to 5 um or 9 until in Brazil

often people will work longer hours than this.

P:Right,right what kind of clothes do you wear?I mean do you dress up formally or in a relaxed way?

E:It used to be that you would wear a jacket and tie to work for...for men but er nowadays an open shirt is don't necessarily have

to wear a tie and sometimes on a Friday you can wear a pair of jeans to work.

P:Oh,right the dress down Friday?

E:The dress down Friday that's right.

P:Does that still happen?

E:Yes, yes sure it does.

P:And how about in Brazil?

Penny:Um, it's fairly casual,quite informal,um I mean you need to look neat and tidy obviously,but you,you have your own choice rely

on what you would wear,there are no rules and 's important to look smart but comfortable.

P:Right,yeah do you have meal breaks or is that...you just fit in meals when you can or...?

E:Lunch,lunch is usually an hour sometimes a little shorter if you have to do a lot of work from your desk.

P:Yeah,how about Brazil?

Penny:That's the same, about an hour.

P:And,and with overtime,I mean,if you...I mean you're obviously contracted to do a certain number of happens if you do

more than the hours that you...that's in you...that are in your contract?

E:I have to make a fairly um strict record of my hours so if I go beyond 5 o'clock on most days I put in for overtime.

P:Right.

E:And it's...the first hour is one of overtime and then there's I think 15minute periods after I could work an hour and a quarter.

P:And you'd be paid for the quarter hours?

E:That's right,by the quarter hour.

P:How about in Brazil?

Penny:It's,it's a lot looser in Brazil we often end up doing overtime but unfortunately not paid.

P: 's hard what about holidays,what about in the States?You don't have much holidays in the States do you?

E: you start at a company you get two weeks holiday or two weeks vacation as we say...

P:Yeah

E:Um then it's usually not until you've been at the company for about five ears that they give you another you get three weeks

after you've been there for five years.

P:And what about in Brazil?

Penny:Um it's quite good actually-30days.

P:Sounds very generous.

Penny:Yeah I can pop back to...

P:Is that 30 working days or 30 days in total?

Penny:That's 30 working days

P:Wow,that's

Penny:Yes,yeah it's a good deal.

P:What about retirement?I know it's a long way of there!When do you retire?

E:Generally speaking it's at 65.

P:And the same for women.

E:Um it's I think a little sooner than that for I think 62or 63.

P;Right , in Brazil is it similar?

Penny:Similar to the 's um after 60 for women.65 for men,or if you've clocked up about 30 or 35 years of service then you can

retire after that.

P:Right and when...do you have a pay day?When is pay day?

E:Um,well ,we gt paid twice a month,so we get paid at the beginning of the month and then we get paid in the middle of the month at the

15

th

give or take(

大约

).

P:Yeah,and what about in Brazil?

Penny:I think it all depends which company you're working the one I am working for right now I get paid

twice a month but

when I began,with a different company that was once a month,so,it varies.

P:And are there any company benefits that you have in the States?Do you have a company car or a pension?

E:Yeah,we get a company 're able to...we lease a car in effect but it's a company car that we get for 18 months to two years and

then we...we can move on to another

model from 's a fairly good pension scheme,that's still working,and hospitalization as

well.

P:Oh,that's important

E:Yeah,a health plan through work is very important.

P: what about in Brazil?

Penny:Yeah,excellent benefits like I mean it does depend on the company and the status of your or your job but you might get

a car,living accommodation,school for the children,they'll pay for your lunch,travel passes,gasoline,health insurance,all sorts of benefits

actually it's very good.

P:Sounds very good,with the holiday and all those benefits it sounds a great place to work.

Unit 2

Outside view

Conversation 1

Joe: OK, when you finished chatting, let's get down to work.

Andy: OK, sure.

Janet: Fine by me. What's on the agenda?

Joe:

First up

today

is

Read

all

about

it!

Now,

I

assume

everyone

has read

all

the

books

for

the

future?

Has

anyone

read

any

of

the

books?

Andy: Well, Joe,

there are over 20 new books coming out next month, so…

Joe: I'm sorry, I really think that's quite unacceptable. It's your job! What about you, Janet?

Janet: I'm sorry but this is the first time I've worked on Read all about it! And I didn't know I was meant to read all the books.

Andy: Have you read them?

Joe: No, but that's why you're my assistants. You're meant to assist me.

Andy:

It's true that we need to read the books, Joe, but we haven't…

Joe: OK, there you go. You are always making excuses!

Andy: And what's more, we haven't even chosen the books yet.

Joe: OK, let's get down with it. What's on the list?

Janet: I suppose we're looking for books with a London angle

（伦敦视角）

?

Andy: Not necessarily.

Janet: Is it OK to look for non-fiction too?

Joe: Absolutely.

Janet: OK, here's an idea. There's a new biography

（自传）

of Charles Dickens which I'm reading.

Andy: Sounds good-his books are always on TV

.

Janet: You see I'm studying Dickens at university, and I noticed it in the bookshop last week. It's really interesting.

Joe: OK, tell us more.

Janet: Well, it's a description of the London locations where he set many of his books like Oliver Twist and David Copperfield.

Andy: Sounds right up your street

（拿手的）

!

Joe

Well done, Janet. Maybe you can show Andy how to plan the feature. OK, that's it everyone. Let's get to it!

Conversation 2

Janet: What's the matter with Joe today?

Andy: No idea. He's a bit like that sometimes. He gets annoyed with me, but I don't really know why.

Janet: He wasn't being at all fair. How often does he get like this?

Andy: Well, I suppose it's not very often. But sometimes he really gets on my nerves

（使某人心烦意乱）

.

Janet: Don't let it get to you. He's probably got too much work, and he's stressed.

Andy: Well, he should keep his problems away from the studio. Anyway, you're the expert on Dickens, tell me something about him.

Janet:

Well,

Charles

Dickens

was

one

of

the

most

popular

novelists

in

19th

century

Britain.

Many

of

his

novels

first

appeared

in

magazines, in short episodes. Each one had a cliffhanger at the end that made people want to read the next episode

（集，一集）

.

Andy: And was he a Londoner?

Janet: He was born in Portsmouth but his family moved to London when he was ten years old.

Andy: And he set most of his stories in London, didn't he?

Janet: That's right. He knew the city very well.

Andy: Whereabouts in London are his stories set?

Janet: Around the Law Courts in the centre of London. He worked as a court reporter and many of the real life stories he heard in court

inspired some of most famous characters in his novels.

Andy: I think some of his stories take place south of the river?

Janet:

That's right, especially around Docklands. The thing was…Dickens was a

social commentator

（

社会评论员）

as much as he was a

novelist-his

stories

describe

the

hardship,

the

poverty,

and

crime

which

many

Londoners experienced

in

the

19th

century. It

makes me want to read some Dickens again. Maybe I'll just go shopping for a copy of Great Expectations.

Andy: Anyway, you did me a huge favour. That was a real brainwave

（突然想到的妙计，灵感）

to suggest the new biography.

Janet: Cheer up Andy. It wasn't your fault.

Andy: No, it's OK, I'll get over it. Go on, off you go and enjoy your shopping!

Outside view

British people read a lot. They read books, newspapers and magazines. And of course they read text messages on their mobile phones.

Sixty-five percent of British people list

each

year.

So

where

do

these

books

come

from?

Well,

there

are

bookshops

where

you

can

buy

books.

And

there

are

lots

of

public

libraries where you can borrow books for free. In this library you can borrow books, but you can also buy a cup of coffee, look at an art

exhibition, sit in a quiet study area or connect to the Internet.

You can also now borrow CDs, videos or DVDs of films and television

programmes. Some libraries even let you borrow computer games. There are often reference rooms where you can go to look something

up or go to study. Many libraries have also got special rooms with books and photograghs about the historu of the area. Libraries are

very important in schools and universities both for study and for reading for pleasure. The British Library is one of the world's greatest

libraries. The queen opened its new building in 1998. It receives a copy of every book published in Britain, and adds three million new

items every year. It's got books of course, but also sound recordings, music, maps, newspapers, and magazines. People predicted that

radio, then television, then the Internet will kill reading, but it still a very popular activity.

Listening in 1

M

：

So how long has your book group been running?

C

：

Well, let me see, it's over 20years now. I think it's actually one of the oldest books groups around, because it was only about 20years

ago that they started to become fashionable in the UK.

M

：

And how often do you have meetings?

C

：

We meet about once every four or five weeks, although we try to avoid meetings in the summer holidays, and during the run-up to

（

前

奏， 预备期）

Christmas when we all start to get busy with other things.

M

：

And how many members do you have?

C

：

We're ten in all, although it's rare that everyone can attend.

M

：

And what happens during the meeting?

C

：

Well, we usually meet at one of our homes, and we start fairly late, around 8:30, and the host prepares dinner, and sometime during

the meal, someone asks

M

：

It sounds quite informal.

C

：

It is, yes, and sometimes if we haven't enjoyed the book, the meal becomes more important than the discussion. But it's fairly rare

that no one likes the book, and it gets quire interesting when opinions about it are divided.

M And what sort of books do you read?

C

：

Oh, all kinds, actually, not just novels, although I must admit that being a member of the club makes me read more modern fiction

than I might do otherwise. But we also read the classics, you know the novels we all read or should have read 30 years ago, and it's

quite good fun to revisit them, to see if our views of the books have changed. We re-read Thomas Hardy recently, and whereas I used

to love it when I was a student, this time I thought it was exasperatingly

（惹人恼火地）

dull. And we read non-fiction. quite a lot of

history and travel writing. A couple of the members like poetry, which I don't, but you know, we're tolerant each other's choice, and it

gives us a chance to try things we wouldn't usually read.

M

：

And how do you choose the books?

C

：

Well, at the end of the evening the person who hosts the dinner-basically, the cook- has the right to choose the next book.

M

：

And that works OK?

C

：

Yes, although there's quite a lot of stress on choosing something that will earn everyone else's respect. And we've got one member who

likes science fiction, so we try not to go to his place too often!

Listening in 2

Well, thank you for your kind welcome, and for giving me the opportunity to give this brief tour of Literary England. I can't claim

it's an authoritative tour, as I'm, not a professional literary specialist. However, I have two amateur passions: one is travel and the other

is reading and English literature in particular. And this lecture is a description of different visits I have made to places in Britain and

Ireland, chosen specifically for their close links with well-known writers of what we call the classics of English literature.

Just

to

give

you

an

overview

of

the

lecture,

I'm

going

to

start

in

my

home

town

of

London,

which

is

also

the

home

of

many

well-known writers. But

I

think

that

the

picture

we

have

in

our

mind

of

London

has

been

largely

fashioned

by

the

work

of

Charles

Dickens and Shakespeare. Dickensian London is illustrated most clearly by his book Oliver Twist, and Shakespeare's London brings to

mind the plays written and performed here, such as Romeo and Juliet. We'll also have a look at the memorial of freat British writers,

Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey.

Then off we go to Oxford, another city rich in its literary history. I'm, going to focus on the greatest of Oxford's literary alumni,

JRR Tolkien, the professor of English who wrote Lord of the Rings, which is now famous throughout the world because of the recent

series of films.

Then we turn south towards the gentle countryside of Hampshire, home of Jane Austen, where her various novels, including Price

and Prejudice are set. She also spent a period of her life in the magnificent Georgian city of Bath.

Then we turn

north to the hills

of west Yorkshire where we find Bronte country, so

called

because it was the

home

of

the three

sisters, Charlotte, Emily and Anne Bronte. Perhaps the two best known novels are Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyer, and Emily Bronte's

Wuthering Heights, also made into successful films.

Then up to the north-west, to the stunning land of

mountains and lakes which is the Lake District,

home of the Lakeland poets.

Perhaps its

most famous son is William

Wordsworth, whose

poem

cloud

been learnt by generations

of

school children not just in Britain, but around the English-speaking world.

So that's the basic route round Literary England, although I'll be thinking several detours to visit other famous writers whose work

contributes to the glory which is English literature. Let's start…

Unit3

Outside view

London has always prided itself on being a little bit different when it comes to fashion. At the catwalk shows, designers showcase the

hottest

new

trends

for

journalists

and

buyers

from

all

over

the

world.

But

away

from

the

glamour

of

designer

collections,

what

do

London girls actually wear? How do they create the affordable, personal style they are famous for? Hannah, who works for a fashion

magazine, says London

’

s unique style is all about mixing and matching. One day can be punk. Next day you can be really girlie

（少女般

的）

. It

’

s kind of choosing what you want in your wardrobe. Maybe taking an expensive piece but mixing it with something cheaper or

second-hand. I think that is what London girls are really good at doing. Portobello Road, in the trendy Notting Hill area, is home to one

of the most famous markets in London. Here, you name it and people wear it-anything from market stall bargains to to- die-for

（令人渴

望的）

designer labels sold in trendy shops. But how do the capital

’

s women view their style? Eclectic. My style is certainly eclectic. It is

from

Tesco. It is the Catherine Kidston range from Tesco. Sam is matched her outfit today with a bag she bought in a supermarket.

Angela is a fashion stylist. So tell me a little bit about your life. What are you wearing and what would you say your style is? My style

tends to change week by week. Today I am wearing some jeans from Uniqlo.I

’

ve discovered Uniqlo jeans and bought about five pairs cos

they fit really well. The boots are by Aldo .My T-shirt is from Tooshop. The jacket is a really old jacket that I bought in the States a few

years ago. But um, yeah I mean it just

…

it does tend to change a lot. Over to New Bond Street, London

’

s designer shopping Mecca

（胜

地）

and the style stakes have gone up a little. Some of the most famous and expensive shops in the world can be found here. Shops

where you have to ask the price of that handbag

…

or pair of shoes

…

then you know you can not really afford it. Natalie, a student from

the city, says being laid back is what gives London style its edge. I don

’

t know. Everyone says like. French is like so fashionable and stuff

but I think we are quite trendy, we are a bit more casual, but I think we have got a good style going on and everything, a bit laid back,

but everyone still looks cool. Seylia works in a jewelry shop. No shabby chic

（流行式样，时尚）

here. Cashmere scarf from Louboutin,

because it is cold. Black coat from Prada and a Valentino bag, which is probably as colorful as it gets. Katie is a model and loves how

people dress in London because everyone has their own individual style. I love London it is so like everyone

’

s got their own

fashion. I love it here, because you can wear whatever and just fit in, it is great. I love London for that. Laura is a student and says she

doesn

’

t really put any thought into what she is wearing. Fashion, I wouldn

’

t really call it fashion. It is just kind of chucked together,

basically, what I am comfortable in. Camden is known for its grungy

（脏的，

乱糟糟）

, daring and sometimes outrageous

（极不寻常的）

styles. Here fashion is whatever you want it to be. Teenagers don

’

t hold back much when it comes to choosing clothes. They just want to

make personal statement .We are just crazy! We don

’

t hold back so much. It

’

s not all about being elegant or something like that. It

’

s

more making a statement, some people. And we don

’

t care.

Listening in

Presenter: How often do you change your clothes during the day?

Penny: Um I think it all depends on what I

’

m going to do. Um it might be as many as three times if

…

Presenter: Three times.

Penny: Yes, if I was

…

if I was going to go to gym, for instance, having dropped the children off at school I

’

d be wearing an outfit for

…

just a casual outfit for doing the school run, then I

’

d go to gym and get changed and then if I was going out in the evening I

’

d change

again.

Presenter: Yeah. How about you?

Penny: Yeah, I think it depends what happens during the day. Most of the time though I just put on my clothes for work. I go to work I

come

home. Um

maybe take something off, like er

my shoes and change into a pair of

slippers

（拖鞋）

or something, just a pair of

sneakers. Um but there are times when if I go to gym, like

Penny said, or if we are going out,

my wife and I are going out for some

occasion, I have to change into something a little nicer.

Presenter: And and so what would what would be the occasion when you changed into something nicer? It would be different from a

work

…？

Eric: Yeah like going to someone

’

s house for dinner or going out for dinner, or going to some kind of event.

Presenter: Yeah yeah. Would that be the same for you?

Penny: Definitely. Going to the theatre, um or meeting friends for a drink, yes.

Presenter: So you

’

d always change for a social circumstance?

Penny: Definitely makes it feel more of an occasion.

Presenter: OK, and what about the clothes you are wearing at the moment, how would you know, what made you choose these clothes

this morning?

Penny: Well I am going for an interview in an hour

’

s time so I

’

ve got to look quite smart and presentable so that

’

s why I am looking

smarter than I normally would do in the day.

Presenter: I think you have got a head start here because you look very presentable.

Penny: Ah thank you.

Presenter: How about you?

Eric: I am able to go to work in fairly casual clothes so you know it

’

s fairly relaxed, nice and easy, anything I

’

m comfortable with but as

long as it

’

s clean and boss says it

’

s alright.

Presenter: And so you dress for comfort or do you think you are fashion conscious as well?

Eric: Maybe a little bit fashion conscious yeah. You

don’t

want to stand out like a sore thumb

（很显眼）

and people make fun of you, you

know for some reason, but at the same time you want to have your own bit of individuality.

Presenter: I think you are discreetly fashion conscious, would you agree with

…？

Penny: Yes and another a good trick I always do is carry my high heels in my hand bag and go in my trainers you see, and then I can

charge along and jump on the bus and then, and then look

…

Presenter: And you manage high heels?

Penny: Yes once I

’

m there and haven

’

t got to move around too much.

Presenter: Very impressive, very impressive. What do you think your clothes say about your mood or your personality? Do you change

depending

…

if you get up in the morning do you put on certain clothes depending on how you feel?

Penny: Definitely, yes. If I

’

m feeling maybe a bit down I do not want to war black because it

’

s quite draining(

精疲力尽的

) and also as

you get older it

’

s draining too, so I might put on some warm colors or which um, I don

’

t know, sort of make your skin look lighter and

your eyes sparkle a little more. Um I, I change

…

I would say I have got a lot of different colors clothes according to my mood.

Presenter: Yeah, and what about you? Do you change dramatically in the evening when you go out on town

on the razz

（狂欢）

you

know?

Eric: Well not really. Um yeah I might put on a nicer pair of shoes or maybe er get out of my jeans and put on a nicer pair of pants,

something like that. But um for the most part, it

’

s a young organization that I work for and the boss is fairly young so we all dress um

with a youthful thought in mind.

Presenter: Thank you.

Unit4

Outside view

So you want to win a million dollars

. Who doesn’t, right? Everyone has fun thinking about how they would spend all that money.

--If I won a million dollars, I would take a vacation around the world.

--If I won a million dollars, I would feed the hungry children in Africa.

--I would buy a Learjet and get out of here.

--If I won a million dollars, I would buy a cabin

（小木屋）

and live in the woods.

--If I won a million dollars, I would take a trip around the world, and the rest of it I would give to charities.

Winning a million dollars is a nice fantasy. But for many people, their fantasy can get them in trouble. Criminals called con artists, scam

（欺诈）

artists, or frauds

（诈骗）

, taking advantage of people’s dreams of winning it big.

--

My dad told my mum,” Don’t do that, because you don’t know if they’re going to trick you or not!”

Scam artists tried to trick Maria Ellen’s mother out of thousands of dollars. These criminals told Maria Ellen’s mother that

she had won

part of a million-dollar jackpot. But, they said, since she was not a US citizen, she was not allow to claim the prize. They promised to

collect the prize for her if she gave them thousands of dollars.

--

$$15000, uh, at 5 o’clock in the

Lottery

（彩票）

Texas Department. That’s what they told her. And my mum said,” OK, I’ll be there at

that time.”

Police at the Dallas Lotto

（乐透彩票）

Claims Office say that dozens of people have been tricked out of their money in this last fraud.

Fraud is

a common crime. Hoping to win

million,

people

make

poor decisions

and lose their

money. But people who really do win

millions can make poor decisions too. Bob Kenny works for an organization called More Than Money. More Than Money helps people

who come into large amounts of money make good decisions about how to manage their unexpected wealth.

--

What’s really important to

me. My family. The health of

my family. The education of

my

family. The long

-term

care of

my family.

These are the things important to me. These are the things I’m going to use my money to get in the world.

Albert Miller and Dorothy Adams who won a whopping

（庞大的）

$$40 million had many choices to make on how to spend their new

wealth.

--

I was finally able to afford some health insurance,…

--

And you didn’t have it before this.

--

I didn’t, and I worked every every day of my

adult life.

--

That’s a great decision,

buying health insurance

. He knows his health is important to him. His family’s health is important to him. He

knows his family is important to him. He knows he’s important to his family. So it’s really easy decision.

I have the money. I need the

health insurance. I’m going to buy it.

Now Albert can afford anything he wants. He bought an everyday car, a top of the line Infinity.

--

It’s low

-

key…it’s a low

-profile car for me.

His other new one is not. It’s a special ed

ition Rolls-Royce. There are fewer than two dozen like this in the world. With a cognac bar, a

twelve- cylinder

（气缸）

engine, and one smooth ride.

--

If you fly a Roll, you don’t drive a Rolls. So, you know, you just fly along.

--he decided to buy one car that was practical that he could use every day. And then he decided to buy another car that he knows is not

practical, that’s been a fantasy of his. It’s something that, in some ways, he always wanted. And

having a little fun with the money

while he’s trying

to make some decisions is a perfectly normal thing to do.

--Last time we talked, you were talking diamonds. What happened?

--Uh, well, I got diamonds! Big ones eleven carats in all.

--I think that was a very sweet thing to do. He had his fantasies, she had hers, and having diamonds is something she always wanted.

A few weeks after the big win, the couple closed their restaurant, called Bentley’s. now they have more time to travel, golf,

and playing

on the boat Albert just bought. still, a lot’s the same. T

hey live in the same house, in the same neighbourhood where they both grew

up.

--We try to keep everything pretty much same as it was before. You know, we tried not to let money change us.

--Our culture wants us to believe that if we are not happy, if we h

ad more money, we would be happy. And the research shows that that’s

just not true. You’ll still wake up some mornings with a headache. You’ll still wake up sometimes in a bad mood. You’ll still

have fights

with your friends sometimes. It won’t

make all of

that

better. Having

more

money will not necessarily improve the

quality of your

relationships or the happiness that you actually have in your life. What money does is allow us to make more choices. And making wise

choices is what will make us happy.

Despi

te every man’s dream come true, Albert still thinks about money.

--

The money pressure’s not there, but other pressures of having the money come then, so, you know, I mean, you’re never totally

free of

something to worry about.

--

Albert’s a pretty wise guy.

He understand that the money is going to create another set of issues for him.

--

I still think most of us would trade our money problems for Albert’s any day.

--I think most of us think that the problems that we have in life would get solved if we had mor

e money. But what I’m suggesting is that

isn’t necessarily so

- that

money gives more choices, but it doesn’t give us the

blissful

（极快乐的）

answer.

Listening in

Passage 1

Presenter:

With me today is Tara Black, author of The History of Money. Tara, before we h

ad money, we exchange things, didn’t we?

Tara:

Yes, that’s right.

In stone age, people exchanged things like salt or cattle. But of course the problem is that the things you

exchange don’t last

. And so money was introduced as a more permanent way of p

aying for things. And of course, money’s

also a lot easier to use. You can carry it around you very easier.

Presenter:

So when did people start changing from exchanging goods to paying for things with money?

Tara:

Well, as far back as 5000BC, people in China and the Middle East were exchanging metals for goods.

Presenter:

As long ago as that?

Tara:

Yes. The first silver ingots

（金银铸块、锭）

…

Presenter:

Silver bars?

Tara:

Yes, they appeared around 2200BC in Europe and were used as currency. Coins then appeared in Lydia around 700BC.

Presenter:

Lydia?

Tara:

Lydia

is

a

country

in

what’s

now

known

as Turkey.

Then

other

countries

followed

their

example

and

started

producin

g

them. A Greek coin, the drachma

（德拉克马，希腊原货币单位）

, became the standard form of money in large parts of Asia

and Europe.

Presenter:

And the first paper money?

Tara:

Paper money was first used in china around 960AD.

Presenter:

It’s always China, isn’t it?

Tara:

Quite often, yes.

Presenter:

So

as well

as

being

long- lasting

and

convenient,

a

big

advantage

of

coins

and

paper

money

is

that

they

have

a

standard

value.

Tara:

Yes,

they’re

known

as

representative

money.

Every

coin

or

paper

has

a

certain

value

that

doesn’t

depend

on

the

actual

value of the paper or metal.

Presenter:

And how did banks started?

Tara:

Both the early Persians and the Ancient Egyptians had store houses

where they kept their country’s grain

-

we’re talking

about 3000BC. They exchanged the grain for promissory notes. This meant a written promise to pay back a sun of money to

someone. Really, these storehouses can be seen as the first banks.

Presenter:

I see.

Tara:

So over a great many centuries banks became places where money was deposited and lent. And they guaranteed that a note

of a certain amount of silver.

Presenter:

And then there was the gold standard, wasn’t there?

Tara:

Yes, the golden standard was applied all over the world from 1870 to 1915 but it was slowly abandoned.

Presenter:

When did it became easier…

Passage 2

Speaker 1:

As a student, you are probably living on a very limited amount of money, so here are our top useful tips to help you make

your money go further.

Speaker 2:

One. Say no to credit cards! Banks may encourage you to use their cheap credit card facilities where you buy now and pay

later. It looks great but it’s easy to get into debt. If you do have a credit card, hide it and get it out only when you abso

lutely

have to.

Speaker 1:

Two. Look for bargains! You can look great in second- hand shops and charity shops. Learn to love eBay and look there

first rather than in shop windows. It could make all difference.

Speaker 2:

Three. Stick to a budget! Work out exactly how much you have coming in each month and your necessary expenditure

（花

费、开销）

-what you absolutely must spend, like rent, bill and food before you look at your disposable

（可支配的）

income-

this means what you’ve got left for any extras and treats. Think first

–

do you really need that pair of shoes and can you

afford to go to a restaurant this month?

Speaker 1:

Four. Give up your bad habits(or at least keep them under control)! If you smoke, buy expensive coffee or regularly eat out,

giving it up or at least reducing the amount you spend on these things will save you more than you’d think.

Speaker 2:

Five. Find ways to save money! If you got to the supermarket at the end of the day you may find some fresh produce like

meat and vegetables marked down in price. If you go to afternoon shows at the cinema or theatre you will save money while

still going out and enjoy yourself.

Speaker 1:

Six. Beg and borrow before you buy! If you need a book for an essay, has anyone else got it? Try and borrow it rather than

buy it.

Speaker 2:

Seven. Plan ahead! A lot of unnecessary spending occurs because people fail to plan ahead and have to spend a lot of money

at the last moment. Check your diary. When you need those books .for your essay to write in June? Can you borrow them

now? Or you need to make a trip. Can you buy the tickets in advance rather than at the last moment at a higher price?

Speaker

1:

The

economical

habit

you

develop

now

while

you’re

at

college

will

help

you

in

later

life.

Don’t

think

‘I’m

poor

a

nd

miserable’ but instead tell yourself ‘I’m developing a highly important like skill.’

And it’s absolutely tr

ue.

……When I go out, I go fast, it feels good. Even if for a few moments, it, it’s, it’s just the most

exhilarating

（使 人异常兴奋的）

, most

wonderful, most magical things that can happen. And I know that I’m, I’m young again and it’s worth every day. It keeps me h

appy

for a month.

Unit5

Outside View

In South Korea, women are participating

more in the

economic and

political sectors

than they were a decade

ago.

But career

aspirations for female students in South Korea still tend to be based on the traditional division of gender roles. They are accustomed to

thinking of such jobs as teaching and nursing, what their male counterparts aim to become scientists and judges. Many of these young

women are aware that if they want to be independent they need to train so they can have their own source of income. In the previous

generation, women did not have the right to speak, because they did not have their own financial support. Therefore, our generation of

women must work to be financially independent. The growth in the number of women who work has caused the typical South Korean

household

to

change.

For

example,

there

are

more

women

living

alone.

This

is

because

they

can

make

their

own

money

rather

than

depend

on a

man to

support them. There has also

been a

rapid

rise in the

number

of families in which both

parents work. Married

women increasingly want to participate in society but they need to balance family life and work. After

marriage, we all struggle with

how to take care of our children and work. The introduction of day care centers at some work places, such as the Chohung bank, has

helped to make it possible for mothers to work. Whilst these women are at work, their children are in the day care center. There they are

usually

very

well

looked

after,

receiving

a

balanced

diet,

playing

lots

of

games

and

doing

plenty

of

exercise.

Day

care

centers

are

increasingly popular all across

the world because they enable parents to work. Women employees at Chohung Bank find it a big help,

although the system is far from

perfect. So far,

my children

have been well taken care of by our day care center. However, it will be

difficult when my children go to elementary school because I often have to work late. Who will take care of them? Our family recently

decided to live together with our grandparents who might be able to take care of my children. Mothers also face other problems when

they go to work. Women have traditionally been responsible for raising their children and often feel a strong sense of guilt when they put

their children into day care. Some worry that it will have a negative impact on their children and that they may fail as a parent. On top

of this, South Korean women often end up being less well paid than men with the same education. Korean women

’

s status in the labor

market has not been much improved in spite of a continuing rise in their presence in the labor force and the level of their education. The

majority of working women are still crowded in low wage and low status jobs many of which are found in the secondary

market. So

there are still lots of issues facing women going to work--- they are still having to choose between their families and their careers. What

can be done to ensure that women are rewarded for their valuable contribution to the working world?

Listening in

Presenter: Has feminism(

女权主义，男女平等主义）

gone too far in the way men are shown in advertisements? Do you think there are

too many ads now in which men are shown as stupid or weak?

Speaker 1: Definitely, yes. I can think of three ads right now where men are shown as stupid. The one that annoys me most is the one

where this guy is doing this DIY job and he

’

s no good at it. And his girlfriend is standing by waiting to do the job herself. Fine, if it was

one ad, but it’

s not, it

’

s a whole attitude now to men. It

’

s not good for us, it

’

s not good for women either.

Speaker 2: Um, well, yes, I do feel that feminism has gone too far. I mean, great, women have made a lot of progress in the last 40 years,

but it

shouldn’t

mean we treat men as inferior(

等级或地位

)

低等的，

次要的）

, which is what we see in quite a few ads these days. So no,

I

don’t

really like the way men are portrayed in advertisements.

Speaker 3: Has feminism gone too far in advertisements? No way! Feminism has only just begun, there

’

s no real equality of pay in this

country, and

men still have all the top jobs. Women continue to be shown as objects in ads rather than as real people, and until that

stops I really don

’

t think we can say that feminism has gone too far. I agree that in advertisements these days men aren

’

t always shown

as super-masculine, but that

’

s good and much nearer the truth.

Speaker4

：

Ads are about selling and I guess selling the idea that men are weak makes people laugh. And if people laugh at an ad they are

more likely to remember it and therefore more likely to buy the product. But on the whole, I

’

d disagree; I think

men are still shown

driving expensive cars and working, you know-looking powerful. Then coming home to their wives who look after children.

Speaker5: Well I find the way men are shown in ads annoying. There

’

s that one where this woman is angry with her partner for his

choice of car insurance. The idea is that she

’

s smart and he

’

s dumb

（笨的，愚蠢）

.

Speaker6:

I’

ve never really thought about it, I think it

’

s just to make people laugh, isn

’

t, to show the guy as a bit of an idiot and the

woman as the boss. It

’

s just a joke. I don

’

t really know much about feminism. I don

’

t think so, no.

Unit 6

Outside view

Conversation1

J-Joe S-Sarah

Li-Janet

A-Andy

J:I think this is my favourite view in the whole of Ben is really a important part of the life of the country.

A:It's well worth a visit.

Li:So are you saying that you can go up Big Ben?

A:Sure, I went up when I was a kid.I can highly recommend(

极力推荐

) it.

J;That would be a great idea for the a report on a visit to the House of Parliament and Big Ben.

Li:So you mean that I can just go to the entrance and ask to go up the tower?

A:Well, I'm not too sure, I can try and find to think of it,I'm pretty sure you

need to get permission from your

Member of Parliament.

J;Ah,you and I don't have one,because we aren't UK I guess that means we can't go up Big Ben

A; I don't really know,to be it is also well worth taking a tour around the House of Parliament .

Li:So, what you are saying is that visitorslike myself can go into the most important government building in the country?Well, I'd love

to do that.

A; I think they do tours in the there is a trick question:can you actully see Big Ben from here?

J:I haven't a clue(

我没有一点思绪

).

Li:Well...'s it up there, isn't it?

A:Wrong,in fact, Big Ben is the name of the bell, and not the clock tower

J;I had no idea.

A;So if you can do tours round Big Ben and the House of Parliament, why don't we put something about it on the websites?

J:Fine by me,you OK to do the research?

A:No can we get somone from the House of Parliament to update us?

J;Sure, actually I know someone who works there, I will give her a call now and see if she can meet us at lunch time.

Conversation 2

J:Hi,Sarah

S;Hi, guys

J:Thanks for coming

A:So can you tell us what you know about the House of Parliament ?

S:Sure

J:So tell us about Big Ben

S:Big Ben is widely believed to be the clock tower, but in fact it is the bell at the top

A:And when was the tower built

S:In 1859

J:And how old are the House of Parliament?

S:They are completed in 1850

J:So none of these building we can see are really old?

S:No,that's not what I'm trying to say. Er, the oldest part of the ancient Palace of Weatminster is Weatminster Hall,which dates back to

the 11

th

, it would appear that it was used for entertaining and as a court room.

A:So how did the system of Parliament we know now first start

S:

It

seems

that

over

hundreds

of

years

Parliament

we

know

has

developed

into

two

houses-the

House

of

Lords

and

the

House

of

Commons with elected representatives from all over the country

Li:And they are what you call MPs?

S:Yes,there is little doubt that they were the first MPs although not everyone had the right to bote in these days.

Li:So who is more powerful, the King, the Queen, or the prime minster ?

S:Well, it is widely though that the

king or

queen

has

more

it's the government which is elected

by the people and the

prime minster is the leader of the he or she is considered to be the most powerful person in the country

Li:That's fascinating!But what's even more amazing is how old is the House of Parliament are?

A:Two large houses, one palace, one hall.I wonder if there 's a spare room

Li:What do you mean ?

A:Well, I was annoyed to be told that I have to move out of my flat.I was even more furiour to learn that I have to leave by next month

Li:So what will you do

A:Search me!I would do with a royal palace to live in.

Outside view

In England no town is more than 170 kilometres from the there is no surprise that Britain has a very important history

ships and the British Navy was the biggest navy in the world at one it's smaller, but many other ships are still used

for importing and exporting goods and for taking people on business or Liverpool there is a great museum of maritime

（航海

的）

's got several ships in the docks it shows what it was like to be on some of the like this one

——

the Cutty Sark at Greenwich in London

—

brought tea from India to was a very profitable trade and made may people very

ships used only sails and achieved very high men had to climb the rigging

（帆具，

索具）

to put up the was

very n 1830 and 1930, more than nine million people from all over Europe left from the port of Liverpolol to start a

new

life

in

America

or

the

early

of

20

th

century,

there

were

large

numbers

of

very

elegant

crossed

the

Atlantic from Liverpool or Southampton to New York in five or six most famous ship was probably the sank in 1912

and over 1500 people was the worst disaster in maritime probably know about it from one of the most expensive

films

ever

made

—

Titanic!One

of

the

most

famous

shipping

companies

is

's

got

the

world's

biggest

cruise

ship,

the

Queen

Marry2 which crosses the Atlantic from Southampton to New Y

still takes five or six days but some people prefer that to five or six

hours

in

an

majority

of

people

do

travel

around

the

world

by

plane,

but

ships

are

still

very

important

for

moving

metal boxes, or containers, are packed with clothes,television sets,computers,furniture and toys. Here at the Southampton

Container Terminal, they unload more than one and a half million containers each the sea still play a very important part in life

in Britain.

Listening in

Passage1

Just as Chinese children learn about the emperors of China, English children learn about England's history through its kings and

have been many more kings than queens but one of the greatest and most loved rulers of England was a

Elizabeth her reign

（统治）

in the second half of the 16

th

century Elizabeth made Englang rich from international trade and

also defeated one of the most frightening invasions England ever faced.

Elizabeth's father,King Henry VII, had six wives

—

he divorced two of them and executed

（处死）

two.

Elizabth's mother,Queen

Anne Boleyn, was Henry's second wife and one of those whom he executed,when Elizabeth was three years old.

Elizabeth,who

was

born

in

1553,was

very

intelligent,

talented

,and,

usually

for

a

woman,

received

an

excellent

education.

However,for much of her early life she was afraid that she would be executed like her after the death of her half- brother and

half-sister, she became Queen in 1558 at the age of the rulers of Europe wanted to marry her and Elizabeth advisors also wanted

her to marry and have a Elizabeth never did,because she was afraid a husband would try to control her.

One

of

Elizabeth

's

greatest

problems

was

her

cousin,

Marry

,Queen

of

believed

she

should

have

been

ruler

of

ing that her cousin was a danger to her as long as she remained eth imprisoned

（关押，

监禁）

Marry in 1568

and finally executed her in 1587.

The King of Spain, Philip II, had once wanted to marry Elizabeth but the two countries then became , Queen of Scots

shared the same religion as Philip, and her death gave the King an excuse to go to war with the same time Spain was the

most powerful country in Europe and in 1558 Philip assembled a huge navy called the Spainish Armada. It sailed for England with the

intention of invading Elizabeth made a famous speech to her soldiers, in which she said:< /p>

feeble

（虚弱的，无力的）

woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a king,and of a King of England too.

defeated.

By the time she died in eth was ruler of one of the most powerful and richest countries in the world.

Passage 2

P=Presenter

R=Rebecca

P :Natural disasters happen everywhere in the world and one of the most famous natural disaster is the volcano eruption that destroyed

Pompeii, a town in the south of Italy,almost 2000years ago.I'm here now,on the streets of Pompeii and with me is Rebecca Young, a guide

to the 's going to tell me more about what happened on that terrible ,what did happen,Rebecca?

Rebecca:Well

—

turn around

—

what do you see?

P: A mountain, a smoking mountain, it must be the volcano, is it still active?

R:Yes,

it

could

erupted

almost

2000years

ago

on

August

24

th

in

AD

79,

that

volcano

suddenly

weren't

expecting it,they were just doing what they normally do, walking through the streets,buying food at the suddenly, there was

this terrible noise and huge rocks and hot ash started raining down on the

（熔岩）

was pouring down the mountain and

—

people where the over do you see?

P:A man and woman,lying with their arms around each what's this man doing with his hands?Is he praying or something?

R:Yes, he was praying.

P:They look so real!How long did the eruption last?

R:Two by the time it had finished,the city had completely disappeared,buried by ten metres of everyone forgot about

it

P:So when was it discovered again?

R:Not until started excavating

（发掘，挖掘古物）

and they found Pompeii ash have preserved it and everything

was exactly as it was on that day in was a forum, four public baths,26 public fountains...

P:Twenty- six public fountains?

R:Yes!Two theatres a hotel...

P:A hotel?

R:Yes,let's go into the house is the entrance courtyard

P:What kind of person owned it?

R:There were two owners

—

they had a small at the you see some kind of writing ?

P: what does it say?

R:It says,

P:

R:I'm going to take you to another house,belonging to a wealthy man this time.

P:All these beautiful paintings on the walls!

R:Yes,they covered their walls with these frescoes

（

湿壁画）

, which is wonderful for archaeologists

（< /p>

考古学家）

.Look at this 't

she beautiful?

P:Yes!What's she holding?

R:We think it was a mirror although we haven't had...

Unit 7

Conversation1

Janet: SO when do you have to move out.

Andy: Well, my landlord has given me four weeks

’

notice to leave. It

’

s not going to be easy to find somewhere immediately.

Janet: What sort of price range are you looking for?

Andy: well, I can

’

t spend more than 400 hundred pounds per week.

Janet: That sounds like a lot of money.

Andy: Yes, you are right. London is one of the most expensive cities in the whole world.

Anyway, this one looks quite promising. One bedroom for rent in a flat in Shepherd

’

s Bush,

shared with three other people.

Janet: What

’

s the rent?

Andy: 110 pounds per week. It

’

s a bit more than I can afford but let

’

s see.

Joe: Janet.