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初中英语分类练习
——动词部分
▲掌握动词不定式的用法。
●要求学生对所学动词进行归类记忆。
动词是表示动作或状态的词,
按其词义和在句子中的作用可分为行为动词,
连系动词,
助动
1
行为动词可分为及物动词
(vt)
和
不及物动词
(vi)
,及物动词表示动作或状态,有完整的词<
/p>
义,
能单独作谓语,
后跟宾语;
不及物动词表示动作或状态,
有完整的词义,
能
单独作谓语,
但后面不能直接跟宾语,如要带宾语则与介词或副词构成短语。
More and more
people study English.(vt)
The students are listening to the
teacher carefully.(vi)
2
<
/p>
连系动词本身有一定的词义,
但不能独立作谓语,
必须与表语一起构成谓语。
常用的连系动
词有
be, get, turn, become, look, feel, grow,
seem, sound, taste, smell
等。
Our country is becoming
stronger and stronger.
It
feels damp.
3
助动词本身无词义,
不能单独作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成
谓语动词,
表示否定,
疑问
及动词的时
态、语态、人称和数等语法特征,助动词有
be,do,have,shall,will
等。
How do you usually come to
school?
The children are
playing yo-yo now.
4
情态动词本身有一定的意义,<
/p>
但不能独立作谓语,
只能和主要动词原形一起构成谓语,
表示
说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词有<
/p>
can (could),may(migh
t),must,
need, ought to, dare
等。
Can I help you?
- Must we go now?
–
No, you needn't .
a. can
与
be able to
的用法有所区别。
can
只用于一般现
在时和过去时,指本身有能力的
“能”;
be able
to
用
b.
must
与
have/has to
的
用法。
must
表示说话人主观认为“必须”,只用于一般现在
时和
一般将来时;
have/has
to
c
.
need
和
dare
既可作情态动词也
可作行为动词。
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动词不定式
to do
没有人称和数
的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语,但可以和助动词或情态
动词构成谓语,又可以在句子中
作宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、主语、表语等。但它毕
竟是动词,
< br>因此,具有动词的许多特点,
如它可以有自己的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。
p>
1
.作主语。
To learn English is very
important.
但实际上不定式作主语常用
it
来作形式主语,而将不定式移至谓语动词后作真正的主语。
It's very important to
learn English.
2
.作表语。
My idea is to ring him up
at once.
3
.作宾语。
I have decided to go to
Binjiang Primary School.
4
a. ask, want,
teach, tell, know, would like, allow
等动词
后面接动词不定式作宾语
补足语。
如:
The policemen asked him
to get off the bus.
b.
hear, see, look at, feel, watch, notice, listen to
等动词后接不带
to
的动词不
定式作宾语补足语。
如:
We often see Miss Li
clean the classroom.
c.
let, make, have
这些使役动词后接不带
to<
/p>
的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
但在被动语态
中这些不带
to
的都须带上
to
p>
。
如:
In
those days the bosses often made the workers work
day and night.
d.
动词
< br>help
接动词不定式作宾语补足语,可带
to
也可不带
to
。
如:
Can you help me (to)
carry the heavy bag?
5
a.
与被修饰词有动宾关系。如:
I
have something important to tell you.
但如
果不定式
动词为不及物动词,后面的介词千万不要省略。
如:
Maybe they have three
rooms to live in.
b.
与被修饰词有主谓关系。
如:
Mr Liang is always the
first to come and the last to leave.
c.
与被修饰之间只有修饰关系。
如:
I have no time to play
cards.
6
.作状语,表示
目的、原因、方法、方向、结果等。
如:
I'll go to meet my friend
at the railway station.
7
.不定式复合结构“
for sb.
to do sth
”
作主语时,常用“
It is +adj+ for
of sb. to do
sth
”的句式。形容词
good, bad,
polite, unkind, kind, ice, clever,
right, wrong,
careful
等用“
It is +adj +of sb.
to do sth.
其他形容词用
for
。
It's dangerous for you to ride so
fast.
It's very kind of you
to help me.
8
.动词不定式与疑问句
who,
what, which, when, how, where,
whether
等连用。
如:
I don't know when to
start.
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