-
1
Unit One
Task 1
⑩④⑧③⑥⑦②⑤①⑨
Task 2
①
be consistent with
他说,未来的改革必须符合自由贸易和开放投资的原则。
②
specialize in
启
动成本较低,因为每个企业都可以只专门从事一个很窄的领域。
③
d
erive from
以上这些能力都源自一种叫机器学习的东西,它在许多现代人工智能应用中都处于核心
地位。
④
A
range of
创业公司和成熟品牌推出的一系列穿戴式产品让人们欢欣鼓舞
,
跃跃欲试。
⑤
date back to
置身
硅谷的我们时常淹没在各种
新新
方式之中,我们常常忘记了,我们只是在重新发
现一些可追溯至涉及商
业根本的朴素教训。
Task 3
T
F
F
T
F
Task 4
The most common view
The principle task of
engineering
:
To take into
account the customers ‘ needs and to find
the appropriate technical means to
accommodate these needs.
Commonly
accepted claims
:
Technology tries to find appropriate
means for given ends or desires;
Technology is applied science;
Technology is the aggregate of all
technological artifacts;
Technology is
the total of all actions and institutions required
to create artefacts or products
and the
total of all actions which make use of these
artefacts or products.
The author’s
opinion
: it is a viewpoint with flaws.
Arguments
:It must of course
be taken for granted that the given simplified
view of
engineers with regard to
technology has taken a turn within the last few
decades.
Observable changes
:
In many technical universities, the
inter‐disciplinary courses are
2
alreadyinherent parts of
the curriculum.
Task 5
①
工程师对于自己的职业行为最常见的观点是:他们是通过应
用科学结论来计划、开发、
设计和推出技术产品的。
②
技术是应用科学,即它是定律中因果关系向终端意图关系的
转化。
③
抛开向顾客提供渴求产品
的这些善举不说,
工程师的其他所有行为不管是从道德上来看
还
是从价值上判断都是处于中立的,
因为找到适当的方式只是应用科学结论的一个任务
p>
而已。
④
这些
结论可以有对错之分,但谈不上好坏之别。应用科学被认为是一种自动或决定的过
程,其
只受自然法则的约束,比如物理定律而不是道德条例。
⑤ <
/p>
工程师的观点
---
就工程师是做什么的
这一问题在这部分中进行了简要的描述
---
是纯粹
出于技术角度而言,同时也有些理想主义。
Task 6
① What challenges
does cl
imate change confront Indian
farmers with?
For Indian farmers,
climate change probably means that the yield in
the coming years will
go down
significantly, which will bring about economic
loss.
② In what way can technology help
the farmers in India?
By
introducing some more efficient methods,
technology helps the farmers save labor,
water, and money. In some degree,
technology is helping some farmers reduce their
losses.
③ What does India’s
government do to encourage the use of new
technology?
The government
is slowly changing its agricultural policy to
recognize the effects of
changing
climates. The state government also introduces
special subsidy to encourage
the
farmers to use new technology.
Task 7
①
a life-
changer
②
listen to an audio
read-back
③
reading
restaurant menus to studying papers in the
classroom
④
new pattern
recognition and image-processing technology
⑤
adjust, or change the
position of the camera and read printed materials
out loud.
⑥
greater
independence
⑦
a small
computer screen that can be connected to
eyeglasses
3
⑧
take photographs, record
video and play sound
⑨
the
lack of technology to assist blind people
⑩
has continued to improve
over the past 20 years
?
the
industry is too concerned about making software
programs for sharing photos and
video
games
?
these business
leaders are increasing the cost of living and not
doing enough to help fix
the problems
of San Francisco
?
the
positive impact
?
that fits
in your pocket at a fast speed
?
a game changer
Task 8
①
< br>不过随着对话的展开,我的经历就如爱丽丝一样,顺着那个兔子洞下去,看到了那扇通
往一个全新世界的大门。
②
<
/p>
这里的窍门就是使用简单、易读的句子,让观众即使有点儿不明白也能够掌握要点,然
p>
后接下来提供一些能够刺激我们感官的图像,
并且能让我们对所描述
的内容有更深层次
的理解。
③
用你们研究的科学,减去你们的点
句式和术语,除以相关内容,就是要分享和观众有关
的内容,再乘以你对自己正在从事的
这份神奇工作的激情,它就会等于:充分理解的、
效果惊人的互动交流。
Task 9.
In
this
speech,
Melissa
Marshall
shares
some
powerful
tips
on
presenting
complex
scientific ideas to a general audience.
Five years ago, Marshall experienced a
bit of what it must have been like to be Alice in
Wonderland. Penn State asked her to
teach a communications class for engineering
students.
And she was a little scared.
Because these students impressed her with their
big brains, their
big
books
and
their
big,
unfamiliar
words.
Having
communicated
with
these
stud
ents,
Marshall
was
so
amazed
at
their
ideas
and
their
world
that
she
decid
ed
to
let
others
experience
this
wonderland.
And
she
believed
the
key
to
opening
that
d
oor
is
great
communication.
Marshall
thinks scientists and engineers are tackling the
grandest challenges. In ord
er to
change
the
world,
great
communication
is
eagerly
needed
between
scientists
and
non-scientists.
If
scientists
and
engineers
can
not
have
others
know
and
und
erstand
what
they have
d
one, the work they have devoted to
will be insignificant. So it is greatly important
4
to find an
effective way of communication.
Marshall shows some keys to make this
communication more effective and smooth. First,
scientists and engineers should learn
to explain why the science is relevant to the
common.
Second,
the
d
escription
of
science
shoul
d
be
more
accessible
to
the
common.
Exampl
es,
stories and analogies, rather than
jargons, are encouraged to use in this kind of
d
escription.
Last, the
bullet points may as well be dropped when
scientists and engineers present their
work. The single, readabl
e
sentence is more appreciated by the audience. And
visuals are also
necessary in this
part, which helps to create a deeper sense of
understanding of
what’s being
described.
Finally, Marshall
summarizes
with an equation of
the
effective
communication
for
the
scientists and engineers: Take their
science, subtract the bullet points and jargons,
divide by
relevance, meaning share
what's relevant to the audience, and multiply it
by the passion that
they
have
for
this
incredible
work
that
they're
d
oing,
and
that
is
going
to
equal
incredibl
e
interactions that are full of
understanding.
These
are
just
the
keys
Marshall
shared
to
help
us
to
open
that
d
oor
and
see
the
wonderland that is science and
engineering.
Task 10
1. accommodate
2. accumulate
6. aggregate
11. assemble
16. chart
7.
all
ocate
12. assume
17. clarify
3. adapt
8. analogy
4. adjacent
9. append
14. bond
10.
arbitrary
15. capacity
20.
commit
25. constitute
30. correspond
13. automate
18. coherent
23. concurrent
28. Convene
19. commence
24. confer
29.
convert
21.
compatible
26. contradict
22. component
27. currency
5
Unit Two
Task1
⑤⑦⑥⑧③④⑨②⑩①
Task2
①
Regarding
谈到史密斯李威特说,她很棒,本来能跟公司里其他任何人一样做这份工作。
②
be apt to
如果后续服务不到位,顾客可能会投诉产品或者服务,他们通过网络表达自己的不满。
最终这可能形成负面的网络口碑。
③
contrast with
佩里先生的评价跟华为在华盛顿收到的欢迎形成鲜明对比。
④
come to mind
虽然
第一个让人想起的的是鞋店里吸引人眼球的价格标签,但是健康专家认为是鞋子的
税有损
女性健康,而不是那些引人注意的钱袋子。
⑤
non-issue
就像有些人
认为的那样,人们相信道德风险只是一个无关紧要的事情?
Task 3
F
T
F
T
T
Task 4
Mark Atwater
Danny Ellis
were
the
first
steps
in
the
The design constantly
evolved.
design process?
are you now?
Making the
technol
ogy work for the user is just as
important as the technol
ogy
itself.
were
you
introduced
to
He
started using CAD software in high
computer-aided design and how did
powerful
modeling
and
machining
simulation
that
influence
your
project
make it one-stop
shop.
development?
made you choose CATIA?
He used his experience with CATIA as
the subject
matter expert on the MAAV
team.
would
you
the
role
of
Education
builds
a
foundation
for
the
other
6
education
was
versus
experience
activities while experience such as
internships is
such as internships?
important
is
“the most important thing by
far”.
hands-on
Hands-on
application
is
valuable
to
seeing
the
industrial
side
of
the
discipline
and
the
freed
om
and
opportunity
offered
in
the
MAAV
stud
ent
team are
essential to devel
oping professionally.
woul
d
you
say
to
aspiring
It takes
l
ong hours and hard work.
engineers or entrepreneurs?
Task 5
①
< br>丹尼是密西根大学航空工程大学毕业生,
我很想找出他所受的教育是如何为他以后
所具
有的企业家能力做准备的。
②
由于浓厚的兴趣以及在竞争中取的
成功而产生信心,竞赛胜利的奖金投入经营生意,
Skypecs
公司在
2012
年三月加入密西根大学小企业孵化器。
③
软件的所有的
包容性让他真正印象深刻,
Skyspecs
公司也是看中这点
才使用这个软件。
强大的模型制造和机器加工模拟让这款软件成为一站式商店。
④
教育为其它活动
奠定基础,但是实际动手操作的学习才是最重要的事。
⑤
一旦我们动机强烈,技巧熟练的每
个人同心协力,这会让我们无所不能。
Task 6
①
People who are the most pompous can be
the most unpopular speakers because they are
always quickest to the microphone and
have mastered the art of talking without pausing
so it’s impossibl
e to
interrupt them.
②
Disgusting
listeners
usually
sleep
through
the
entire
talk
and
afterwards
ask
the
speakers for a copy of
their notes.
③
The irritating moments for Simon: when
he is giving a talk on glass recycling in hotel
and
across the internal speaker system
came “Robin Hood, Robin Hood Riding through the
Glen”. On another conference he met all
11 of the other
“del
egates” in a room before
the
conference. However only 1 was
delegate and the other 11 were speakers. Once he
did a
talk at an RAF base and the
laptop was dead because the RAF IT person had
forgotten to
switch it on.
Task 7
①
seek to
create the car of the future
②
to drive itself without
human control
application
devel
oping skills?
7
③
manufactured in 3D printers
④
a large television and an
espresso coffee maker
⑤
just
sit and watch the steering wheel turn
⑥
relax
⑦
on the boring motorway
traffic
⑧
built on a 3D
printer
⑨
revolution
⑩
on a turtle shell
?
the right amount of
strength and firmness
?
an
environmentally friendly natural gas engine
?
comfort and creativity
?
emotional, expressive,
charm-full
?
voice or a large
touch screen
Task 8
①
我们的故事之所以非常重要是因为
我们招收的学生并不是一开始就是学术界的佼佼者,
而是有色人种或那些常被忽视的人群
。
②
可能你不知道,很多
SAT
(美国的高考)高分考生,学分很高的学生进入美国的著名大
p>
学之后,入学时选读医学预科或者工程预科,后来很多学生都转去了别的专业。
③
亚里士多德说过,
“
优秀绝不会出自偶然,优秀是强烈的动机、不懈的努力和智慧的共
同结果,在所有选项中
它是最能体现智慧的一个。
”
Task 9
Freeman
Hrabowski talked
about
the
four
pillars
of
success
of
University
of
Maryland,
Baltimore County,
in educating different types of students across
the arts and humanities and
especially
the science and engineering areas. Firstly he
recalled his childhood about Martin L.
King’s
remarks
of
children’s
involvement
in
participation
in
peaceful
d
emonstration.
From
this
he
learned
that
the
children
can
be
empowered
to
take
ownership
of
their
education.
Because more and more American
stud
ents are not succeeding in science
and engineering ,
he and some
philanthropists began a program aimed at changing
this situation. During this
program
he
found
out
4
pillars
that
can
help
students
in
science
and
engineering:high
expectations(it is related to hard work
and curiosity);the idea of building community
among
the
stud
ents(the
students
work
in
groups);
the
id
ea
that
it
takes
researchers
to
produce
researchers;having
people who are willing as faculty to get involved
with those stud
ents, even
in
the
classroom.
This
model
helps
them
with
evaluation,
assessing
what
works.
Then
the
8
model
was
spread
to
red
esign
courses
in
arts
an
humanities.
This
model
emphasizes
collaboration,
use of technol
ogy, having students
struggle with theories. For these four pillars
of the
model, the
first two are
actually the
initiative
of the
learners
while the
latter
two
are
concerned
with
the
teachers’
responsibilities.
Therefore
during
learning
and
teaching
both
students and teachers shoul
d
focus on their own respective aspects to improve
learning.
Task 10
1. deduce
6. differentiate
11.
empirical
16. fluctuate
21. decline
26. dynamic
2. demonstrate
7. discrete
12. equate
17. format
22.
define
27. encounter
3. denote
8.
dispose
13.
erod
e
18.
generate
23. dimension
28. entity
4. derive
5.
deviate
9. distribute
10.
domain
14. evolve
15.
facilitate
19. highlight
20. hypothesis
24. distort
25. draft
29. exclude
30. extract
9
Unit Three
Task 1
②⑤①④③⑨⑩⑥⑧⑦
Task 2
①
open up
经济需要进一步解除管制,以帮助降低能源成本,开辟新的投资和就业领域。
②
talent pool
然而,落后的基础设施和人才资源的不断萎缩,是印度的潜在的扩张的障碍。
③
come to life
而这里,在这座小屋里,我的精神似乎再次回到我的生命中。
④
end up
即使房主最终可能感觉不满意。
⑤
top-tier
一线城市的消
费者经常在网上购买,因为零售商没有他们想要的国际产品。
Task 3
F
T
F
F
T
Task 4
Undergraduate
Research
A game changer
Beni
ficial
&
valuabl
e
A deciding factor for student’s career
choice
Undergraduate
research enable students to gain
valuabl
e skills in
problem-
solving
independ
ently.
It can provide many meaningful
experiences
for
stud
ents and can
help hone
their interests and get them work experience.
Lower expectations
Productivity is limited by the
stud
ents’ lack of knowledge, the lack
of
time
due
to
demanding
course
load,
and
high
turnover
as
the
students typically graduate within a
couple of years.
Conclusion
Task 5
①
虽然有很多重要因素,但大学生的调查研究可能是最终的因素。
②
大学研究允许应用工程原则没有明
确的或
“
正确
”
的答案
Meaningful outcomes
that shouldn’t be underestimated
and
produce
confidence
when
working
10
③
就实习而言,它提供给学生工程方
面不同的视角和细化选择方面给予帮助。
④
因为研究工作比课程作业更为开放
,需要从不同的知识库中汲取。
⑤
因为缺乏技能和时间,
大学生的调查研究的期望值往往较低,<
/p>
但是学生的研究成果不应
该被低估。
Task 6
①
For
a
generation
of
European
students,
the
Erasmus
programme
has
been
synonymous
with having a good time while studying
in another country.
②
Youth
unempl
oyment and the lack of job skills
are now the more sober background. The
relaunched Erasmus will be expected to
play a much bigger role in improving workplace
skills. If the image of Erasmus has
been students spending time in picturesque
European
University
towns,
it
is
also
about
apprentices
from
southern
Europe
finding
about
workplace training in
the engineering centres of Austria and Germany.
Whil
e
most
European
Union
budgets
have
been
cut,
Erasmus
received
a
40%
increase, with
over
14bn euros
over sever years,
It
will
be
expected
to
accel
erated
the
numbers it reaches, with a target of
four million young people.
③
The
urgent
problem
that
Erasmus
will
be
expected
to
help
tackle
is
the
economic
and
social damage of having 26 million
peopl
e unemployed across the European
Union. with
six million of them young
people.
It
is
encouraging
partnerships
between
countries
that
have
a
good
system
of
vocational training with countries that
d
on’t have it, in order to learn from
each other.
Task
7
①
taking a drug
②
Internet addicts
③
dependent
④
the biggest threat to its
teenagers
⑤
an official
medical condition
⑥
spend
more than six hours online doing something other
than work or study
⑦
20
million
⑧
treat young
addicts
⑨
do demanding
physical exercises and take medication
⑩
they take education very
seriously
?
documentary
?
doing military
training
11
?
a discipline, or sense of self-control
?
70 percent
?
South Korea
Task
8
①
我想知道核反应器究竟出了什
么故障,放射线到底是怎么回事,我的家人是否有危险。
②
所以互联网引起了革新,至少在软
件和服务上,从商管博士驱动的创新模式,到设计师
-工程师驱动的创建模式,它把创新
推进到了边缘,到了宿舍,到了新企业,远离了大
型的研究机构,远离了不可侵犯、腰缠
万贯、享有权威,却老而蠢笨的研究所。
③
我们做各种各样的事情。
我们做生物学,
我们也做硬件。尼克拉思
.
p>
尼格罗庞特的名言是
“
或演示,或死亡
p>
”
反过来就是
“
发
表或者消亡
”
,那是典型的传统学术思维。
Task 9
Undergraduate research experiences
foster skills, confidence, and the desire to
pursue
engineering
careers.
The
academic
community
has
long
considered
meaningful
undergraduate
research experiences with faculty members to be
one of the most powerful of
instructional
tools.
Undergraduate
research
has
merits
beyond
expanding
the
engineering
talent pool.
Unlike coursework, research engages undergraduates
in open-ended problems
with
no
one
correct
solution.
Research
gives
students
a
richer
and
better
education
experience,
so
they
can
apply
what
they’re
learning
in
a
lab
environment.
Active
participation
in
uncovering
and
testing
new
theories
and
facts
gives
students
a
better
appreciation for the discovery aspect
of learning. Educators who oversee these programs
say
faculty
typically
enjoy
mentoring
undergraduates,
even
if
they
require
extra
time
and
patience.
The
experiences
help
them
understand
how
to
articulate
their
research
and
explain theory and
technology in different way. It is important to
serve as a role model and
introduce as
many undergraduate students to the fascinating
world of research and all it has
to
offer academically, socially, and professionally.
Undergraduate
research
opportunities
enable
students
to
gain
valuable
skills
in
problem-solving
and
produce
confidence
when
working
independently.
Undergraduate
research
allows for applying engineering principles where
there is no well-defined or right
answer. There are a number of reasons
undergraduate research is important. Among these
is the ability to test drive the job
before graduation. Going through the process of
finding and
reading
scientific
articles,
writing
reports
and
iterating
experimental
design
is
not
for
everyone. Like internships, it gives
students a different perspective on engineering
and aids
in
refining
choices.
There
Undergraduate
research
opportunities
can
provide
many
12
meaningful experiences for
students and can help hone their interests and get
them work
experience.
Even
where
there
are
no
established
research
programs,
short-term
opportunities at external facilities
can be valuable. Although expectations for
undergraduate
research will typically
be lower due to a lack of skills and time, the
outcomes for the students
shouldn’t be
underestimated.
Task 10
1. illustrate
6. invoke
11.
negate
16. paradigm
21.
potential
26. incline
2. infer
7. levy
12. norm
17.
parameter
22. precede
27. inherent
3.
initiate
8. manipulate
13. offset
18.
perceive
23. identical
28.
interact
4. integrate
5. mode
14. notion
19. perspective
24. impact
29. interval
5. intrinsic
10.
mediate
15. overlap
20.
phase
25. incentive
30.
layer
13
Unit Four
Task 1
②③⑥⑦④⑧⑤⑩①⑨
Task 2
①
reflect back on
日记是一种很好的方式,可以回顾你已获得的成就、寻找其他可能的解决办法。
②
multitude
他们说中国有大量的贸易壁垒、软弱的工会以及估值过低的货
币。
③
at scale
坦率地说,他们没有足够的公信力来提供规模化的网络服务。
④
In case
如果你想知道的话,在现实生活中最快的网页浏览器还是谷歌
浏览器。
⑤ prior to
<
/p>
三次自燃中有两次是发生在将汽车交付给顾客之前,当时是福特的员工在驾驶汽车。
Task 3
F
T
T
F
T
Task 4
Unfavorable
facts:
There’s
a
shift
from
industrial
-focus
careers
to
careers
focused
on
business, during which
engineers began to be replaced by professional
business managers as
leaders of the
great businesses. As a result, the engineering
mentality started to play a lesser
role
in business decision making.
Advantages
owned by engineers:
Engineers have been
trained to have the ability to clarify
purpose
and
align
systems.
They
are
detail-oriented
and
analytical.
While
they
are
meticulous,
they
still
take
risks,
but
calculated
ones.
They
identify
the
root
cause
of
a
problem and provide an economical
solution. They tend to have a very realistic
outlook on
situations and don’t add the
fluff. They are tech
-savvy and
understand how it all works.
Disadvantages
of
engineers:
They
don’t
actively
promote
themselves.
When
studying
engineering,
leadership
is
simply
overlooked.
Because
the
curriculum
for
an
engineering
degree often
doesn’t include business courses that trigger a
business mentality
Ways to
change:
Change needs to start with
reforming the education system. More needs to
be done to help engineers to become
successful entrepreneurs. Companies need to
promote
and place qualified engineers
in leadership positions.
14
Significance
of
the
change:
The
future
of
the
engineering
industry
is
closely
tied
of
the
future prosperity of
America.
Task 5
①
当今《财富》世界
500
强公司的首
席执行官中有
20%
的人具有工程学学位,这一数字虽然
很可观,但还有机会让更多的工程师成为领导。
②
二十世纪五六十年代,
美国文化开始由以工业为重心的职
业向以商业为重心的职业转变。
③
工
程师往往回避自我推销,因为他们害怕过分修饰而偏离了真实的信息。
④
据斯蒂芬
·
科维说,领导者
要具备四个必要条件:他们必须能激发信任、明确目的、调整
制度以及解放人才。
⑤
想要改变国民对工程师的看法以及工程师
对企业领导职位的看法,这无疑需要付出巨大
的努力。
Task 6
① Everett
Alvarez’s plane was hit on a
bombing
mission in 1964, and then he was captured
and taken to Hoa Lo Prison. It’s
difficult for Mr. Alvarez to get used to
captivity, because he
didn’t know what
to do. He decided to resist, which brought him
several times to the point of
physical
and mental breakdown, but he survived thanks to
the mutual support of the other
prisoners. When he was released in
1973, he had been held captive for eight and half
years,
and he attained his goal to come
home with his personal integrity, reputation and
honour.
② Because his experience of
being a PoW taught him invaluable lessons that he
has applied
to his life and work, and
it helped to form his firm character. He thought
about his dreams
when
he
was
sitting
in
the
cell.
After
he
was
released,
he
was
awarded
several
military
medals, and upon his return to the US
became an overnight celebrity, which helped him
form
important
political
contacts.
The
years
of
torture
and
malnourishment
had
left
him
with
many
injuries,
so
Mr.
Alvarez
was
helped
by
a
government
aid
programme
for
disabled
veterans
when
he
set
up
his
first
business.
All
of
these
contribute
a
lot
to
his
business
success.
③
Passion
means
a
strong
belief
in
something
or
a
strong
interest
in
something.
Here
it
means
that someone must have a real interest in the
thing he wants to build his business on
and he must believe in himself and in
the product.
Task 7
①
the Japanese art of
shaping paper to look like animals, flowers and
other objects
②
follow to
assemble themselves, or put themselves together
15
③
18 centimeters wide and 15 centimeters long
④
crab
⑤
quickly and cheaply
⑥
complex and functional
⑦
in real life with real
materials
⑧
shape memory
polymers
⑨
when they are
heated
⑩
shrink
?
circuit
?
that it's assembled
?
autonomous
?
that can build themselves
into different sizes
?
self-
building robots can be shipped flat in large
numbers
Task 8
①
我想建议四种可以立足的真正强有力的基石或者基础
,
这样才能
让自己言语有力并影响这
个世界。
②
我的一个朋友把它描述为坚持真实的自己,我觉得这是一个优美的表述。
I
,代表了正气
(Integrity)
,言而有信,
说到做到,成为别人能信任的人。
③我愿意跟你们在这里做一
点儿探讨,
找出几种工具。
你也许想拿来试一下,
这些将会增加
你说话的力量。
Task 9
Maybe the
human voice is the most powerful sound in the
world, but many people have
the
experience
that
when
they
speak,
people
don’t
listen
to
them.
In
this
useful
talk,
the
sound
expert, Julian Treasure, gives several useful tips
on how to speak powerfully.
First, he suggests that people should
move away from the seven bad habits: 1) gossip; 2)
judging; 3) negativity; 4) complaining;
5) excuses; 6) lying; 7) dogmatism.
Then Julian puts forward four
foundations that people can stand on if they want
their
speech to be powerful and to make
change in the world. The first letters of these
four things
spell a word, namely
“hail”, which means to greet or acclaim
enthusiastically. The H stands
for
honesty, being clear and straight. The A is
authenticity, being yourself. The I is integrity,
being your word. And the L is love,
wishing people well.
Next,
he
introduces
some
ways
to
say
things
which
will
increase
the
power
of
someone’s speaking. 1) Register.
Someone can say something in a high or low
register. But if
16
he
wants
weight,
he
needs
to
say
it
in
a
low
voice,
because
people
associate
depth
with
power
and
authority.
2)
Timbre.
The
research
shows
that
people
prefer
voices
which
are
rich,
smooth and warm. 3) Prosody. People should avoid
monotone and repetitive prosody. 4)
Pace. People can slow down to
emphasize, and a bit of silence in a talk can be
very powerful.
5) Pitch. It often goes
along with pace to indicate arousal. 6) Volume.
Someone can express
his excitement by
using volume, or he can have other
people
’s attention by getting very
quiet.
When people have got something
really important to do, they should make full use
of these
tools.
Finally, Julian shows the audience the
six vocal warm-up exercises. And after that, he
points
out
that
if
people
were
speaking
powerfully
to
the
audience
who
were
listening
consciously
in
environments
which
were
actually
fit
for
purpose,
there
would
be
a
world
that does sound
beautiful and one where understanding would be the
norm.
Task 10
1. preliminary
6. regulate
2.
presume
3. prospect
8. relevant
4. protocol
9. restore
5. ratio
10. revenue
7. reinforce
12. secure
11.
scenario
16. suspend
21. Scope
13. sequence
18.
transmit
23. shift
28. sustain
14. sphere
15. substitute
19. retain
24. specify
29. trace
20. reverse
25.
straightforward
30. trigger
17. terminate
22. seek
26. submit
27.
subordinate
17
Unit Five
Task 1
②④③⑥⑧⑨⑩①⑦⑤
Task 2
①
lay off
美国较灵活的就业市场,使得下岗员工求职更便捷、更低廉。
②
high-stakes
但是国
家仍然在争夺它的殖民地:土地和财富分配不均,以及易受到高风险的全球政治
影响。<
/p>
③
cutting-edge
p>
斯瓦米纳坦说,许多中国学生缺少接受最前沿的管理教育的机会。
④
epoch-making
同时
,美国在全球反恐战争上投入一定资金和资源之际,使得东南亚出现了真正划时代
的变化
。
⑤
coincid
e with
这样的高层政治首脑会议经常与良好的双边贸易协定一致。
Task 3
T
F
T
T
F
Task 4
1. Good
engineering managers abound/exist.
They
are out there on the leading edge laying down the
path for our engineers to succeed.
2.
The graduates don’t have the foundational
background to think with the different mindset
of leadership and management. One
software company ---- Google.
A good
engineer does not always make a good manager.
Task 5
1.
这似乎像侮辱性的,失败主义者的,最终自我实现预言。
2.
然而,这是个不好的假象,你那最具高顶贡献的工程师会
成为一名优秀的管理者。
3.
雇员
发现我们的大学毕业生具备一定的基础知识,但是当他们向上晋升接受更高挑战的
时候,
却不具备那种会用不同的领导管理思维去思考问题的基本知识。
4.
尽管确实如此,你的工程团队想知道他们的管理者是胜任
这个技术职位工作的,但是,
这对优秀的工程部管理者而言却并不是最重要的技能。
p>
18
5.
我并非不了解这一事实情况:管理者和被管理者之间一般会存在关系不和的情况的。
p>
Task 6
1. He felt it was horrible and brutal.
2. Nutmeg’s difference is that it
claims to have been the very first to base itself
online.
3. He is an
excellent entrepreneur, who creates an online-
based investment management
business
---- Nutmeg.
Task 7
①
to test drones.
②
aircraft without human
pilots
③
unmanned aircraft
system
④
national drone
rules
⑤
how drones can share
airspace
⑥
a larger aircraft
⑦
Air information sensors
⑧
air speed and altitude
⑨
through tubes
to a computer that examines stability
⑩
greater safety
?
a special eyewear
?
objects in the
flight path
?
uninteresting,
dirty
?
radiation
?
farm
studies
Task 8
①
你们创造了食物,创造了庇护所(避难所)
,你们是许许多多事物的创造者。而今天让我
很感兴趣的是你创造了你自己的世界,特别是科技在你的生活中
的角色。
②创造者是创新的发起者,
我想这样例子很多
,
比如说个人电脑产业的诞生。
③但是我们应该明白,很多产业的雏形,甚至如福特汽车,都源于玩耍和群
体性的学习。
Task 9
All of us are makers
America
was
built
by
makers
----
curious,
enthusiastic
amateur
inventors
whose
tinkering habit
sparked whole new industries. A
technol
ogy and publishing enthusiast,
Dal
e
19
Dougherty founded MAKE magazine and
created the world’s largest DIY festival, Maker
Faire,
which
brings
the
do-it-yourself
mindset
to
everyday
technol
ogy.
Dougherty
is
the
creator
ofMaker
Faire
,
which
leads
a
growing
maker
movement
in
New
York,
Detroit
and
the
Bay
Area.
He
says
we’re
all
makers
at
heart,
and
shows
cool
new
tools
to
tinker
with.
Like
Arduinos, affordable 3D
printers, even DIY satellites.
Dale
Dougherty believes that all of us are makers. We
have the ability to make things, to
grasp
things
with
our
hands.
We
use
words
like
“grasp”
metaphorically
to
also
think
about
understanding things. We
d
on’t just live, but we make, we create
things. He shows us a group
of makers
from Maker Faire
and various places. So
makers are enthusiasts; they’re amateurs;
they’re people who l
ove
doing what they d
o. They
d
on’t always even know why they’re
doing it.
We are makers of food; we are
makers of shelter; we are makers of lots of
different things, and
we are makers of
our own world, and particularly the role that
technology has in our life. We
are
really drivers or passengers ----
to
use a Volkswagen phrase. Makers are in control.
That’s
what fascinates them. That’s why
they do what they d
o. They want
t
o figure out how things
work; they want to get access to it;
and they want to control it. They want to use it
to their
own purpose.
Makers are a source of innovation, and
it relates back to something like the birth of the
personal computer industry. But
i
t’s important to und
erstand
that a lot of the origins of our
industries come from this idea of
playing and figuring things out in groups. Makers
today, to
some degree, are out on the
edge. They’re not mainstream. They’re a little bit
radical. They’re
a
bit
subversive
in
what
they
d
o.
But
at
one
time,
it
was
fairly
commonplace
to
think
of
yourself
as
a
maker.
So
it
goes
on
to
show
you
people
making
things
out
of
wood,
a
grandfather making a ship in a bottle,
a woman making a pie ---- somewhat standard fare
of
the day. But it was a sense of pride
that we made things, that the worl
d
around us was made
by us. It didn’t
just exist. We mad
e it, and we were
connected to it that way.
Our next generation should be makers,
too. As a matter of fact, a lot of the origins of
our
industries come from this idea of
playing. So the kids are particularly interested
in this, in this
ability to control the
physical world and be abl
e to use
things like micro-controllers and build
robots.
The
children’s
creativity
will
be
develop
ed
well.
Maybe
America
will
make
more
makers, our world will make more
makers, because all of us are makers.
Task 10
Prefixes
a-
cyber-
Meanings
无,不,缺少
电脑的,网络的
Words
anelectric
不起电的,
anhyd
rous
无水的
cyberspac
e
电脑空间,
cyberworld
网
络世界
20
de-
demi-
dia-
dis-
相反,除去,向下
半,一半
贯通,透过
不,除去,分离,
充分,所相反动作
despun
反自旋,
d
ehydration
脱水
demilune
半月,新月,
demirelief
半浮雕
diagonal
对角线,
diagnosis
诊断
diseconomy
不经济
,
p>
dissolve
分解,
dissemin
ate
散
布,
dysfunction
机能失调,
dysgenesis
生殖力不良
eccentric
离心的,
eclipse
日蚀,月蚀
effluence
流出,
effulge
放出光芒,
efface
消除
encl
ose
封入,
encage
关入笼中,
enring
用环装饰
infrastructure
基础设施,
< br>infrasonic
次声的
intermol
ecular
分子间的,
interface
界面
intracellular
细胞内部的,
intravenous
静脉内的
intronuclear
原子核内的,
introflection
向内弯曲
malformation
畸形,
malnutrition
营养不良
mesozoic
中生代的,
mesotron
介子
metamorphic
变形的,
metaphysic
超自然的
misprint
误印,
misconduct
行为不正
multicoloured
多色的,
mlutimeter
万用表
neolithic
新石器时代的,
neonatal
新生的
nonmetal
非金属,
nonhuman
不属于人类的
obl
ong
拉长的,
obligue
斜的,
occlud
e
阻塞,
offend
触犯,
oppose
反对
omnipotent
全能,
omniscience
无所不知
orthogonal
p>
直角的,
orthoptera
直翅类
p>
overexposure
感光过度,
overweight
超重
panchromatic
全色的,
pancosmism
泛宇宙论
parabola
抛物线,
paraxial
偏轴的,
paramarginal
临
边界的,
paramagnetic
偏磁的,
para
typhoid
副伤寒
dys-
ec-
ef-
en-
infra-
inter-
intra-
intro-
mal-/mal
e-
meso-
met-/meta-
mis-
multi-
neo-
non-
ob-/oc-/
of-/og-/op-
omni-
ortho-
over-
pan-
para-
反常的,不良的
外,向外,自
…
出
出,外,离去
置内,用作
下部
在
…<
/p>
之间,相互
在内,内部
在内,向内,内侧
恶,不良
中央,中间
变换,超过
误,恶,否定
多
新的
不,无,非
越过,接近,封,
反
完全,完整
直,正
越过,过度
全,总,泛
侧,副,伪,隔离
peri-
post-
pre-
proto-
pseud
o-
quasi-
周围,环绕
后
前
第一,原始的
伪,类似
准,拟似,半
perimeter
周长,
perigee
近地点
postnatal
产后的,
post
d
epositional
沉积作用后的
preamplifier
前置放大器,
precontinent
大陆架
prototype
原型,
prot
opetroleum
原油
pseud
oscience
伪科学,
pseudosymetry
假对称
quasi-
static
准静态的,
quasi-
chol
era
拟霍乱