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【工程学科英语(整合第二稿)】 参考答案

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2021-02-28 11:19
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2021年2月28日发(作者:太阳依旧升起)


1



Unit One


Task 1


⑩④⑧③⑥⑦②⑤①⑨




Task 2



be consistent with


他说,未来的改革必须符合自由贸易和开放投资的原则。




specialize in


启 动成本较低,因为每个企业都可以只专门从事一个很窄的领域。




d


erive from


以上这些能力都源自一种叫机器学习的东西,它在许多现代人工智能应用中都处于核心


地位。




A range of


创业公司和成熟品牌推出的一系列穿戴式产品让人们欢欣鼓舞


,


跃跃欲试。




date back to


置身 硅谷的我们时常淹没在各种



新新



方式之中,我们常常忘记了,我们只是在重新发


现一些可追溯至涉及商 业根本的朴素教训。




Task 3



T



F



F



T



F



Task 4


The most common view


The principle task of engineering


:


To take into account the customers ‘ needs and to find


the appropriate technical means to accommodate these needs.


Commonly accepted claims


:



Technology tries to find appropriate means for given ends or desires;


Technology is applied science;


Technology is the aggregate of all technological artifacts;


Technology is the total of all actions and institutions required to create artefacts or products


and the total of all actions which make use of these artefacts or products.


The author’s opinion


: it is a viewpoint with flaws.


Arguments


:It must of course be taken for granted that the given simplified view of


engineers with regard to technology has taken a turn within the last few decades.


Observable changes


:


In many technical universities, the inter‐disciplinary courses are


2



alreadyinherent parts of the curriculum.



Task 5



工程师对于自己的职业行为最常见的观点是:他们是通过应 用科学结论来计划、开发、


设计和推出技术产品的。




技术是应用科学,即它是定律中因果关系向终端意图关系的 转化。




抛开向顾客提供渴求产品 的这些善举不说,


工程师的其他所有行为不管是从道德上来看


还 是从价值上判断都是处于中立的,


因为找到适当的方式只是应用科学结论的一个任务


而已。




这些 结论可以有对错之分,但谈不上好坏之别。应用科学被认为是一种自动或决定的过


程,其 只受自然法则的约束,比如物理定律而不是道德条例。



⑤ < /p>


工程师的观点


---


就工程师是做什么的 这一问题在这部分中进行了简要的描述


---


是纯粹

< p>
出于技术角度而言,同时也有些理想主义。




Task 6


① What challenges does cl


imate change confront Indian farmers with?


For Indian farmers, climate change probably means that the yield in the coming years will


go down significantly, which will bring about economic loss.


② In what way can technology help the farmers in India?



By introducing some more efficient methods, technology helps the farmers save labor,


water, and money. In some degree, technology is helping some farmers reduce their


losses.


③ What does India’s government do to encourage the use of new technology?



The government is slowly changing its agricultural policy to recognize the effects of


changing climates. The state government also introduces special subsidy to encourage


the farmers to use new technology.



Task 7



a life- changer



listen to an audio read-back



reading restaurant menus to studying papers in the classroom



new pattern recognition and image-processing technology



adjust, or change the position of the camera and read printed materials out loud.



greater independence



a small computer screen that can be connected to eyeglasses


3




take photographs, record video and play sound



the lack of technology to assist blind people



has continued to improve over the past 20 years


?


the industry is too concerned about making software programs for sharing photos and


video games


?


these business leaders are increasing the cost of living and not doing enough to help fix


the problems of San Francisco


?


the positive impact


?


that fits in your pocket at a fast speed



?


a game changer



Task 8



< br>不过随着对话的展开,我的经历就如爱丽丝一样,顺着那个兔子洞下去,看到了那扇通

往一个全新世界的大门。




< /p>


这里的窍门就是使用简单、易读的句子,让观众即使有点儿不明白也能够掌握要点,然


后接下来提供一些能够刺激我们感官的图像,


并且能让我们对所描述 的内容有更深层次


的理解。





用你们研究的科学,减去你们的点 句式和术语,除以相关内容,就是要分享和观众有关


的内容,再乘以你对自己正在从事的



这份神奇工作的激情,它就会等于:充分理解的、

< p>
效果惊人的互动交流。




Task 9.


In


this


speech,


Melissa


Marshall


shares


some


powerful


tips


on


presenting


complex


scientific ideas to a general audience.


Five years ago, Marshall experienced a bit of what it must have been like to be Alice in


Wonderland. Penn State asked her to teach a communications class for engineering students.


And she was a little scared. Because these students impressed her with their big brains, their


big


books


and


their


big,


unfamiliar


words.


Having


communicated


with


these


stud


ents,


Marshall


was


so


amazed


at


their


ideas


and


their


world


that


she


decid


ed


to


let


others


experience


this


wonderland.


And


she


believed


the


key


to


opening


that


d


oor


is


great


communication.


Marshall thinks scientists and engineers are tackling the grandest challenges. In ord


er to


change


the


world,


great


communication


is


eagerly


needed


between


scientists


and


non-scientists.


If


scientists


and


engineers


can


not


have


others


know


and


und


erstand


what


they have d


one, the work they have devoted to will be insignificant. So it is greatly important


4



to find an effective way of communication.



Marshall shows some keys to make this communication more effective and smooth. First,


scientists and engineers should learn to explain why the science is relevant to the common.


Second,


the


d


escription


of


science


shoul


d


be


more


accessible


to


the


common.


Exampl


es,


stories and analogies, rather than jargons, are encouraged to use in this kind of d


escription.


Last, the bullet points may as well be dropped when scientists and engineers present their


work. The single, readabl


e sentence is more appreciated by the audience. And visuals are also


necessary in this part, which helps to create a deeper sense of understanding of


what’s being


described.



Finally, Marshall


summarizes


with an equation of


the


effective


communication


for


the


scientists and engineers: Take their science, subtract the bullet points and jargons, divide by


relevance, meaning share what's relevant to the audience, and multiply it by the passion that


they


have


for


this


incredible


work


that


they're


d


oing,


and


that


is


going


to


equal


incredibl


e


interactions that are full of understanding.




These


are


just


the


keys


Marshall


shared


to


help


us


to


open


that


d


oor


and


see


the


wonderland that is science and engineering.



Task 10


1. accommodate



2. accumulate


6. aggregate



11. assemble



16. chart



7. all


ocate


12. assume


17. clarify





3. adapt



8. analogy




4. adjacent




9. append


14. bond





10. arbitrary


15. capacity


20. commit



25. constitute


30. correspond


13. automate



18. coherent



23. concurrent


28. Convene



19. commence



24. confer



29. convert




21. compatible


26. contradict



22. component


27. currency





5



Unit Two


Task1


⑤⑦⑥⑧③④⑨②⑩①




Task2



Regarding


谈到史密斯李威特说,她很棒,本来能跟公司里其他任何人一样做这份工作。

< p>



be apt to

如果后续服务不到位,顾客可能会投诉产品或者服务,他们通过网络表达自己的不满。


最终这可能形成负面的网络口碑。




contrast with


佩里先生的评价跟华为在华盛顿收到的欢迎形成鲜明对比。




come to mind


虽然 第一个让人想起的的是鞋店里吸引人眼球的价格标签,但是健康专家认为是鞋子的


税有损 女性健康,而不是那些引人注意的钱袋子。




non-issue


就像有些人 认为的那样,人们相信道德风险只是一个无关紧要的事情?




Task 3


F




T




F




T




T



Task 4




Mark Atwater


Danny Ellis



were


the


first


steps


in


the


The design constantly evolved.


design process?


are you now?


Making the technol


ogy work for the user is just as


important as the technol


ogy itself.



were


you


introduced


to


He started using CAD software in high


computer-aided design and how did


powerful


modeling


and


machining


simulation


that


influence


your


project


make it one-stop shop.


development?



made you choose CATIA?



He used his experience with CATIA as the subject


matter expert on the MAAV team.




would


you


the


role


of


Education


builds


a


foundation


for


the


other


6



education


was


versus


experience


activities while experience such as internships is


such as internships?



important


is


“the most important thing by far”.



hands-on


Hands-on


application


is


valuable


to


seeing


the


industrial


side


of


the


discipline


and


the


freed


om


and


opportunity


offered


in


the


MAAV


stud


ent


team are essential to devel


oping professionally.



woul


d


you


say


to


aspiring


It takes l


ong hours and hard work.


engineers or entrepreneurs?



Task 5



< br>丹尼是密西根大学航空工程大学毕业生,


我很想找出他所受的教育是如何为他以后 所具


有的企业家能力做准备的。





由于浓厚的兴趣以及在竞争中取的 成功而产生信心,竞赛胜利的奖金投入经营生意,


Skypecs


公司在


2012


年三月加入密西根大学小企业孵化器。





软件的所有的 包容性让他真正印象深刻,


Skyspecs


公司也是看中这点 才使用这个软件。


强大的模型制造和机器加工模拟让这款软件成为一站式商店。





教育为其它活动 奠定基础,但是实际动手操作的学习才是最重要的事。





一旦我们动机强烈,技巧熟练的每 个人同心协力,这会让我们无所不能。




Task 6




People who are the most pompous can be the most unpopular speakers because they are


always quickest to the microphone and have mastered the art of talking without pausing


so it’s impossibl


e to interrupt them.





Disgusting


listeners


usually


sleep


through


the


entire


talk


and


afterwards


ask


the


speakers for a copy of their notes.




The irritating moments for Simon: when he is giving a talk on glass recycling in hotel and


across the internal speaker system came “Robin Hood, Robin Hood Riding through the


Glen”. On another conference he met all 11 of the other



“del


egates” in a room before the


conference. However only 1 was delegate and the other 11 were speakers. Once he did a


talk at an RAF base and the laptop was dead because the RAF IT person had forgotten to


switch it on.



Task 7



seek to create the car of the future



to drive itself without human control


application devel


oping skills?



7




manufactured in 3D printers



a large television and an espresso coffee maker



just sit and watch the steering wheel turn



relax



on the boring motorway traffic



built on a 3D printer



revolution



on a turtle shell


?


the right amount of strength and firmness


?


an environmentally friendly natural gas engine


?


comfort and creativity


?


emotional, expressive, charm-full


?


voice or a large touch screen



Task 8




我们的故事之所以非常重要是因为 我们招收的学生并不是一开始就是学术界的佼佼者,


而是有色人种或那些常被忽视的人群 。




可能你不知道,很多


SAT


(美国的高考)高分考生,学分很高的学生进入美国的著名大


学之后,入学时选读医学预科或者工程预科,后来很多学生都转去了别的专业。




亚里士多德说过,


“ 优秀绝不会出自偶然,优秀是强烈的动机、不懈的努力和智慧的共


同结果,在所有选项中 它是最能体现智慧的一个。





Task 9


Freeman


Hrabowski talked


about


the


four


pillars


of


success


of


University


of


Maryland,


Baltimore County, in educating different types of students across the arts and humanities and


especially the science and engineering areas. Firstly he recalled his childhood about Martin L.


King’s


remarks


of


children’s


involvement


in


participation


in


peaceful


d


emonstration.


From


this


he


learned


that


the


children


can


be


empowered


to


take


ownership


of


their


education.


Because more and more American stud


ents are not succeeding in science and engineering ,


he and some philanthropists began a program aimed at changing this situation. During this


program


he


found


out


4


pillars


that


can


help


students


in


science


and


engineering:high


expectations(it is related to hard work and curiosity);the idea of building community among


the


stud


ents(the


students


work


in


groups);


the


id


ea


that


it


takes


researchers


to


produce


researchers;having people who are willing as faculty to get involved with those stud


ents, even


in


the


classroom.


This


model


helps


them


with


evaluation,


assessing


what


works.


Then


the


8



model


was


spread


to


red


esign


courses


in


arts


an


humanities.


This


model


emphasizes


collaboration, use of technol


ogy, having students struggle with theories. For these four pillars


of the


model, the


first two are


actually the


initiative


of the


learners


while the


latter


two


are


concerned


with


the


teachers’


responsibilities.


Therefore


during


learning


and


teaching


both


students and teachers shoul


d focus on their own respective aspects to improve learning.



Task 10


1. deduce




6. differentiate


11. empirical



16. fluctuate



21. decline



26. dynamic




2. demonstrate


7. discrete



12. equate



17. format



22. define



27. encounter


3. denote



8. dispose



13. erod


e



18. generate



23. dimension


28. entity




4. derive



5. deviate


9. distribute


10. domain


14. evolve


15. facilitate


19. highlight


20. hypothesis


24. distort


25. draft


29. exclude


30. extract










9



Unit Three


Task 1


②⑤①④③⑨⑩⑥⑧⑦




Task 2



open up


经济需要进一步解除管制,以帮助降低能源成本,开辟新的投资和就业领域。

< p>



talent pool


然而,落后的基础设施和人才资源的不断萎缩,是印度的潜在的扩张的障碍。




come to life


而这里,在这座小屋里,我的精神似乎再次回到我的生命中。




end up


即使房主最终可能感觉不满意。




top-tier


一线城市的消 费者经常在网上购买,因为零售商没有他们想要的国际产品。




Task 3


F




T




F




F




T



Task 4


Undergraduate Research


A game changer


Beni ficial



valuabl


e


A deciding factor for student’s career choice



Undergraduate research enable students to gain valuabl


e skills in


problem- solving


independ


ently.


It can provide many meaningful experiences



for stud


ents and can


help hone their interests and get them work experience.



Lower expectations


Productivity is limited by the stud


ents’ lack of knowledge, the lack of


time


due


to


demanding


course


load,


and


high


turnover


as


the


students typically graduate within a couple of years.


Conclusion



Task 5




虽然有很多重要因素,但大学生的调查研究可能是最终的因素。





大学研究允许应用工程原则没有明 确的或



正确



的答案



Meaningful outcomes that shouldn’t be underestimated



and


produce


confidence


when


working


10





就实习而言,它提供给学生工程方 面不同的视角和细化选择方面给予帮助。





因为研究工作比课程作业更为开放 ,需要从不同的知识库中汲取。





因为缺乏技能和时间,


大学生的调查研究的期望值往往较低,< /p>


但是学生的研究成果不应


该被低估。




Task 6



For


a


generation


of


European


students,


the


Erasmus


programme


has


been


synonymous


with having a good time while studying in another country.



Youth unempl


oyment and the lack of job skills are now the more sober background. The


relaunched Erasmus will be expected to play a much bigger role in improving workplace


skills. If the image of Erasmus has been students spending time in picturesque European


University


towns,


it


is


also


about


apprentices


from


southern


Europe


finding


about


workplace training in the engineering centres of Austria and Germany.


Whil


e


most


European


Union


budgets


have


been


cut,


Erasmus


received


a


40%


increase, with


over


14bn euros


over sever years,


It


will


be expected


to


accel


erated


the


numbers it reaches, with a target of four million young people.



The


urgent


problem


that


Erasmus


will


be


expected


to


help


tackle


is


the


economic


and


social damage of having 26 million peopl


e unemployed across the European Union. with


six million of them young people.


It


is


encouraging


partnerships


between


countries


that


have


a


good


system


of


vocational training with countries that d


on’t have it, in order to learn from each other.




Task 7



taking a drug



Internet addicts



dependent



the biggest threat to its teenagers



an official medical condition



spend more than six hours online doing something other than work or study



20 million



treat young addicts



do demanding physical exercises and take medication



they take education very seriously


?


documentary



?


doing military training


11



?


a discipline, or sense of self-control


?


70 percent


?


South Korea



Task 8




我想知道核反应器究竟出了什 么故障,放射线到底是怎么回事,我的家人是否有危险。





所以互联网引起了革新,至少在软 件和服务上,从商管博士驱动的创新模式,到设计师


-工程师驱动的创建模式,它把创新 推进到了边缘,到了宿舍,到了新企业,远离了大


型的研究机构,远离了不可侵犯、腰缠 万贯、享有权威,却老而蠢笨的研究所。





我们做各种各样的事情。


我们做生物学,


我们也做硬件。尼克拉思


.


尼格罗庞特的名言是



或演示,或死亡



反过来就是



发 表或者消亡



,那是典型的传统学术思维。



Task 9


Undergraduate research experiences foster skills, confidence, and the desire to pursue


engineering


careers.


The


academic


community


has


long


considered


meaningful


undergraduate research experiences with faculty members to be one of the most powerful of


instructional


tools.


Undergraduate


research


has


merits


beyond


expanding


the


engineering


talent pool. Unlike coursework, research engages undergraduates in open-ended problems


with


no


one


correct


solution.


Research


gives


students


a


richer


and


better


education


experience,


so


they


can


apply


what


they’re


learning


in


a


lab


environment.


Active


participation


in


uncovering


and


testing


new


theories


and


facts


gives


students


a


better


appreciation for the discovery aspect of learning. Educators who oversee these programs say


faculty


typically


enjoy


mentoring


undergraduates,


even


if


they


require


extra


time


and


patience.


The


experiences


help


them


understand


how


to


articulate


their


research


and


explain theory and technology in different way. It is important to serve as a role model and


introduce as many undergraduate students to the fascinating world of research and all it has


to offer academically, socially, and professionally.


Undergraduate


research


opportunities


enable


students


to


gain


valuable


skills


in


problem-solving


and


produce


confidence


when


working


independently.


Undergraduate


research allows for applying engineering principles where there is no well-defined or right


answer. There are a number of reasons undergraduate research is important. Among these


is the ability to test drive the job before graduation. Going through the process of finding and


reading


scientific


articles,


writing


reports


and


iterating


experimental


design


is


not


for


everyone. Like internships, it gives students a different perspective on engineering and aids


in


refining


choices.


There


Undergraduate


research


opportunities


can


provide


many


12



meaningful experiences for students and can help hone their interests and get


them work


experience.


Even


where


there


are


no


established


research


programs,


short-term


opportunities at external facilities can be valuable. Although expectations for undergraduate


research will typically be lower due to a lack of skills and time, the outcomes for the students


shouldn’t be underestimated.




Task 10


1. illustrate



6. invoke


11. negate


16. paradigm


21. potential


26. incline



2. infer




7. levy




12. norm



17. parameter


22. precede



27. inherent



3. initiate



8. manipulate


13. offset



18. perceive


23. identical


28. interact



4. integrate



5. mode




14. notion



19. perspective


24. impact



29. interval




5. intrinsic


10. mediate


15. overlap


20. phase


25. incentive


30. layer














13



Unit Four


Task 1


②③⑥⑦④⑧⑤⑩①⑨




Task 2




reflect back on



日记是一种很好的方式,可以回顾你已获得的成就、寻找其他可能的解决办法。





multitude



他们说中国有大量的贸易壁垒、软弱的工会以及估值过低的货 币。





at scale



坦率地说,他们没有足够的公信力来提供规模化的网络服务。





In case



如果你想知道的话,在现实生活中最快的网页浏览器还是谷歌 浏览器。



⑤ prior to


< /p>


三次自燃中有两次是发生在将汽车交付给顾客之前,当时是福特的员工在驾驶汽车。




Task 3


F




T




T




F




T



Task 4


Unfavorable


facts:


There’s


a


shift


from


industrial


-focus


careers


to


careers


focused


on


business, during which engineers began to be replaced by professional business managers as


leaders of the great businesses. As a result, the engineering mentality started to play a lesser


role in business decision making.


Advantages owned by engineers:


Engineers have been trained to have the ability to clarify


purpose


and


align


systems.


They


are


detail-oriented


and


analytical.


While


they


are


meticulous,


they


still


take


risks,


but


calculated


ones.


They


identify


the


root


cause


of


a


problem and provide an economical solution. They tend to have a very realistic outlook on


situations and don’t add the fluff. They are tech


-savvy and understand how it all works.


Disadvantages


of


engineers:



They


don’t


actively


promote


themselves.


When


studying


engineering,


leadership


is


simply


overlooked.


Because


the


curriculum


for


an


engineering


degree often doesn’t include business courses that trigger a business mentality



Ways to change:


Change needs to start with reforming the education system. More needs to


be done to help engineers to become successful entrepreneurs. Companies need to promote


and place qualified engineers in leadership positions.


14



Significance


of


the


change:



The


future


of


the


engineering


industry


is


closely


tied


of


the


future prosperity of America.



Task 5



当今《财富》世界


500


强公司的首 席执行官中有


20%


的人具有工程学学位,这一数字虽然


很可观,但还有机会让更多的工程师成为领导。



二十世纪五六十年代,


美国文化开始由以工业为重心的职 业向以商业为重心的职业转变。




工 程师往往回避自我推销,因为他们害怕过分修饰而偏离了真实的信息。




据斯蒂芬


·


科维说,领导者 要具备四个必要条件:他们必须能激发信任、明确目的、调整


制度以及解放人才。




想要改变国民对工程师的看法以及工程师 对企业领导职位的看法,这无疑需要付出巨大


的努力。




Task 6


① Everett Alvarez’s plane was hit on a


bombing mission in 1964, and then he was captured


and taken to Hoa Lo Prison. It’s difficult for Mr. Alvarez to get used to captivity, because he


didn’t know what to do. He decided to resist, which brought him several times to the point of


physical and mental breakdown, but he survived thanks to the mutual support of the other


prisoners. When he was released in 1973, he had been held captive for eight and half years,


and he attained his goal to come home with his personal integrity, reputation and honour.


② Because his experience of being a PoW taught him invaluable lessons that he has applied


to his life and work, and it helped to form his firm character. He thought about his dreams


when


he


was


sitting


in


the


cell.


After


he


was


released,


he


was


awarded


several


military


medals, and upon his return to the US became an overnight celebrity, which helped him form


important


political


contacts.


The


years


of


torture


and


malnourishment


had


left


him


with


many


injuries,


so


Mr.


Alvarez


was


helped


by


a


government


aid


programme


for


disabled


veterans


when


he


set


up


his


first


business.


All


of


these


contribute


a


lot


to


his


business


success.



Passion


means


a


strong


belief


in


something


or


a


strong


interest


in


something.


Here


it


means that someone must have a real interest in the thing he wants to build his business on


and he must believe in himself and in the product.



Task 7



the Japanese art of shaping paper to look like animals, flowers and other objects



follow to assemble themselves, or put themselves together


15




18 centimeters wide and 15 centimeters long



crab



quickly and cheaply



complex and functional



in real life with real materials



shape memory polymers



when they are heated



shrink


?


circuit



?


that it's assembled


?


autonomous


?


that can build themselves into different sizes


?


self- building robots can be shipped flat in large numbers



Task 8


① 我想建议四种可以立足的真正强有力的基石或者基础


,


这样才能 让自己言语有力并影响这


个世界。



② 我的一个朋友把它描述为坚持真实的自己,我觉得这是一个优美的表述。


I


,代表了正气


(Integrity)


,言而有信, 说到做到,成为别人能信任的人。



③我愿意跟你们在这里做一 点儿探讨,


找出几种工具。


你也许想拿来试一下,


这些将会增加


你说话的力量。




Task 9


Maybe the human voice is the most powerful sound in the world, but many people have


the


experience


that


when


they


speak,


people


don’t


listen


to


them.


In


this


useful


talk,


the


sound expert, Julian Treasure, gives several useful tips on how to speak powerfully.



First, he suggests that people should move away from the seven bad habits: 1) gossip; 2)


judging; 3) negativity; 4) complaining; 5) excuses; 6) lying; 7) dogmatism.



Then Julian puts forward four foundations that people can stand on if they want their


speech to be powerful and to make change in the world. The first letters of these four things


spell a word, namely “hail”, which means to greet or acclaim enthusiastically. The H stands


for honesty, being clear and straight. The A is authenticity, being yourself. The I is integrity,


being your word. And the L is love, wishing people well.



Next,


he


introduces


some


ways


to


say


things


which


will


increase


the


power


of


someone’s speaking. 1) Register. Someone can say something in a high or low register. But if



16



he


wants


weight,


he


needs


to


say


it


in


a


low


voice,


because


people


associate


depth


with


power


and


authority.


2)


Timbre.


The


research


shows


that


people


prefer


voices


which


are


rich, smooth and warm. 3) Prosody. People should avoid monotone and repetitive prosody. 4)


Pace. People can slow down to emphasize, and a bit of silence in a talk can be very powerful.


5) Pitch. It often goes along with pace to indicate arousal. 6) Volume. Someone can express


his excitement by using volume, or he can have other people


’s attention by getting very quiet.


When people have got something really important to do, they should make full use of these


tools.



Finally, Julian shows the audience the six vocal warm-up exercises. And after that, he


points


out


that


if


people


were


speaking


powerfully


to


the


audience


who


were


listening


consciously


in


environments


which


were


actually


fit


for


purpose,


there


would


be


a


world


that does sound beautiful and one where understanding would be the norm.




Task 10



1. preliminary


6. regulate



2. presume



3. prospect


8. relevant




4. protocol


9. restore


5. ratio


10. revenue


7. reinforce




12. secure



11. scenario



16. suspend



21. Scope



13. sequence



18. transmit



23. shift



28. sustain




14. sphere



15. substitute


19. retain


24. specify


29. trace


20. reverse


25. straightforward


30. trigger


17. terminate


22. seek




26. submit





27. subordinate




17



Unit Five


Task 1


②④③⑥⑧⑨⑩①⑦⑤




Task 2



lay off


美国较灵活的就业市场,使得下岗员工求职更便捷、更低廉。




high-stakes


但是国 家仍然在争夺它的殖民地:土地和财富分配不均,以及易受到高风险的全球政治


影响。< /p>




cutting-edge


斯瓦米纳坦说,许多中国学生缺少接受最前沿的管理教育的机会。




epoch-making


同时 ,美国在全球反恐战争上投入一定资金和资源之际,使得东南亚出现了真正划时代


的变化 。




coincid


e with


这样的高层政治首脑会议经常与良好的双边贸易协定一致。




Task 3


T




F




T




T




F



Task 4


1. Good engineering managers abound/exist.


They are out there on the leading edge laying down the path for our engineers to succeed.


2. The graduates don’t have the foundational background to think with the different mindset


of leadership and management. One software company ---- Google.


A good engineer does not always make a good manager.



Task 5


1.


这似乎像侮辱性的,失败主义者的,最终自我实现预言。



2.


然而,这是个不好的假象,你那最具高顶贡献的工程师会 成为一名优秀的管理者。



3.


雇员 发现我们的大学毕业生具备一定的基础知识,但是当他们向上晋升接受更高挑战的


时候, 却不具备那种会用不同的领导管理思维去思考问题的基本知识。



4.


尽管确实如此,你的工程团队想知道他们的管理者是胜任 这个技术职位工作的,但是,


这对优秀的工程部管理者而言却并不是最重要的技能。



18



5.


我并非不了解这一事实情况:管理者和被管理者之间一般会存在关系不和的情况的。




Task 6


1. He felt it was horrible and brutal.


2. Nutmeg’s difference is that it claims to have been the very first to base itself online.



3. He is an excellent entrepreneur, who creates an online- based investment management


business ---- Nutmeg.



Task 7



to test drones.



aircraft without human pilots



unmanned aircraft system



national drone rules



how drones can share airspace



a larger aircraft



Air information sensors



air speed and altitude




through tubes to a computer that examines stability



greater safety


?


a special eyewear



?


objects in the flight path


?


uninteresting, dirty



?


radiation


?


farm studies



Task 8


① 你们创造了食物,创造了庇护所(避难所)


,你们是许许多多事物的创造者。而今天让我


很感兴趣的是你创造了你自己的世界,特别是科技在你的生活中



的角色。



②创造者是创新的发起者, 我想这样例子很多


,


比如说个人电脑产业的诞生。



③但是我们应该明白,很多产业的雏形,甚至如福特汽车,都源于玩耍和群 体性的学习。




Task 9


All of us are makers


America


was


built


by


makers


----


curious,


enthusiastic


amateur


inventors


whose


tinkering habit sparked whole new industries. A technol


ogy and publishing enthusiast, Dal


e


19



Dougherty founded MAKE magazine and created the world’s largest DIY festival, Maker Faire,


which


brings


the


do-it-yourself


mindset


to


everyday


technol


ogy.


Dougherty


is


the


creator


ofMaker


Faire


,



which


leads


a


growing


maker


movement


in


New


York,


Detroit


and


the


Bay


Area.


He


says


we’re


all


makers


at


heart,


and


shows


cool


new


tools


to


tinker


with.


Like


Arduinos, affordable 3D printers, even DIY satellites.


Dale Dougherty believes that all of us are makers. We have the ability to make things, to


grasp


things


with our


hands.


We


use


words


like


“grasp”


metaphorically


to


also


think about


understanding things. We d


on’t just live, but we make, we create things. He shows us a group


of makers from Maker Faire


and various places. So makers are enthusiasts; they’re amateurs;


they’re people who l


ove doing what they d


o. They d


on’t always even know why they’re doing it.


We are makers of food; we are makers of shelter; we are makers of lots of different things, and


we are makers of our own world, and particularly the role that technology has in our life. We


are really drivers or passengers ----


to use a Volkswagen phrase. Makers are in control. That’s


what fascinates them. That’s why they do what they d


o. They want t


o figure out how things


work; they want to get access to it; and they want to control it. They want to use it to their


own purpose.



Makers are a source of innovation, and it relates back to something like the birth of the


personal computer industry. But i


t’s important to und


erstand that a lot of the origins of our


industries come from this idea of playing and figuring things out in groups. Makers today, to


some degree, are out on the edge. They’re not mainstream. They’re a little bit radical. They’re


a


bit


subversive


in


what


they


d


o.


But


at


one


time,


it


was


fairly


commonplace


to


think


of


yourself


as


a


maker.


So


it


goes


on


to


show


you


people


making


things


out


of


wood,


a


grandfather making a ship in a bottle, a woman making a pie ---- somewhat standard fare of


the day. But it was a sense of pride that we made things, that the worl


d around us was made


by us. It didn’t just exist. We mad


e it, and we were connected to it that way.



Our next generation should be makers, too. As a matter of fact, a lot of the origins of our


industries come from this idea of playing. So the kids are particularly interested in this, in this


ability to control the physical world and be abl


e to use things like micro-controllers and build


robots.


The


children’s


creativity


will


be


develop


ed


well.


Maybe


America


will


make


more


makers, our world will make more makers, because all of us are makers.



Task 10



Prefixes


a-


cyber-


Meanings


无,不,缺少



电脑的,网络的



Words


anelectric


不起电的,


anhyd rous


无水的



cyberspac e


电脑空间,


cyberworld


网 络世界



20



de-


demi-


dia-


dis-


相反,除去,向下



半,一半



贯通,透过



不,除去,分离,


充分,所相反动作



despun


反自旋,


d


ehydration


脱水



demilune


半月,新月,


demirelief


半浮雕



diagonal


对角线,


diagnosis


诊断



diseconomy


不经济


,


dissolve


分解,


dissemin ate



布,



dysfunction


机能失调,


dysgenesis


生殖力不良



eccentric


离心的,


eclipse


日蚀,月蚀



effluence


流出,



effulge


放出光芒,


efface


消除



encl


ose


封入,


encage


关入笼中,


enring


用环装饰



infrastructure


基础设施,

< br>infrasonic


次声的



intermol


ecular


分子间的,


interface


界面



intracellular


细胞内部的,


intravenous


静脉内的



intronuclear


原子核内的,


introflection


向内弯曲



malformation


畸形,


malnutrition


营养不良



mesozoic


中生代的,


mesotron


介子



metamorphic


变形的,


metaphysic


超自然的



misprint


误印,


misconduct


行为不正



multicoloured


多色的,


mlutimeter


万用表



neolithic


新石器时代的,


neonatal


新生的



nonmetal


非金属,


nonhuman


不属于人类的



obl


ong


拉长的,


obligue


斜的,


occlud


e


阻塞,



offend


触犯,


oppose


反对



omnipotent


全能,


omniscience


无所不知



orthogonal


直角的,


orthoptera


直翅类



overexposure


感光过度,


overweight


超重



panchromatic


全色的,


pancosmism


泛宇宙论



parabola


抛物线,


paraxial


偏轴的,


paramarginal



边界的,


paramagnetic


偏磁的,


para typhoid


副伤寒



dys-


ec-


ef-


en-


infra-


inter-


intra-


intro-


mal-/mal


e-


meso-


met-/meta-


mis-


multi-


neo-


non-


ob-/oc-/


of-/og-/op-


omni-


ortho-


over-


pan-


para-


反常的,不良的



外,向外,自





出,外,离去



置内,用作



下部




…< /p>


之间,相互



在内,内部



在内,向内,内侧



恶,不良



中央,中间



变换,超过



误,恶,否定





新的



不,无,非



越过,接近,封,




完全,完整



直,正



越过,过度



全,总,泛



侧,副,伪,隔离



peri-


post-


pre-


proto-


pseud


o-


quasi-


周围,环绕







第一,原始的



伪,类似



准,拟似,半



perimeter


周长,



perigee


近地点



postnatal


产后的,


post d


epositional


沉积作用后的



preamplifier


前置放大器,

precontinent


大陆架



prototype


原型,


prot opetroleum


原油



pseud


oscience


伪科学,


pseudosymetry


假对称



quasi- static


准静态的,


quasi- chol


era


拟霍乱


-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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