机械手毕业论文英文及中文翻译

英文

:

Manipulator

Robot developed in recent decades as high-tech automated production

equipment.

Industrial

robot

is

an

important

branch

of

industrial

robots.

It

features

can

be

programmed

to

perform

tasks

in

a

variety

of

expectations,

in both structure and performance advantages of their own people and

machines,

in

particular,

reflects

the

people's

intelligence

and

adaptability.

The

accuracy

of

robot

operations

and

a

variety

of

environments the ability to complete the work in the field of national

economy

and

there

are

broad

prospects

for

development.

With

the

development

of

industrial

automation,

there

has

been

CNC

machining

center,

it

is

in

reducing

labor

intensity,

while

greatly

improved

labor

productivity.

However,

the

upper

and

lower

common

in

CNC

machining

processes

material,

usually

still

use

manual

or

traditional

relay-controlled semi-automatic device. The former time-consuming and

labor

intensive,

inefficient;

the

latter

due

to

design

complexity,

require more relays, wiring complexity, vulnerability to body vibration

interference,

while

the

existence

of

poor

reliability,

fault

more

maintenance problems and other issues. Programmable Logic Controller

PLC-controlled robot control system for materials up and down movement

is simple, circuit

design is reasonable, with a strong anti-jamming

capability,

ensuring

the

system's

reliability,

reduced

maintenance

rate,

and

improve

work

efficiency.

Robot

technology

related

to

mechanics,

mechanics,

electrical

hydraulic

technology,

automatic

control

technology,

sensor technology and computer technology and other fields of science,

is a cross-disciplinary integrated technology.

First, an overview of industrial manipulator

Robot

is

a

kind

of

positioning

control

can

be

automated

and

can

be

re-programmed to change in multi-functional machine, which has multiple

degrees of freedom can be used to carry an object in order to complete

the

work

in

different

environments.

Low

wages

in

China,

plastic

products

industry,

although

still

a

labor- intensive,

mechanical

hand

use

has

become

increasingly

popular.

Electronics

and

automotive

industries

that

Europe

and

the

United

States

multinational

companies

very

early

in

their

factories

in

China,

the

introduction

of

automated

production.

But

now

the

changes

are

those

found

in

industrial-intensive

South

China,

East

China's

coastal areas, local plastic processing plants have also

emerged in

mechanical watches began to become increasingly interested in, because

they have to face a high turnover rate of workers, as well as for the

workers to pay work-related injuries fee challenges.

With the rapid development of China's industrial production, especially

the reform and opening up after the rapid increase in the degree of

automation to achieve the workpiece handling, steering, transmission or

operation

of

brazing,

spray

gun,

wrenches

and

other

tools

for

processing

and assembly operations since, which has more and more attracted our

attention.

Robot is to imitate the manual part of the action, according to a given

program,

track

and

requirements

for

automatic

capture,

handling

or

operation of the automatic mechanical devices.

In real life, you will find this a problem. In the machine shop, the

processing

of

parts

loading

time

is

not

annoying,

and

labor

productivity

is

not

high,

the

cost

of

production

major,

and

sometimes

man-made

incidents will occur, resulting in processing were injured. Think about

what

could

replace

it

with

the

processing

time

of

a

tour

as

long

as

there

are a few people, and can operate 24 hours saturated human right? The

answer is yes, but the robot can come to replace it.

Production

of

mechanical

hand

can

increase

the

automation

level

of

production and labor productivity; can reduce labor intensity, ensuring

product

quality,

to

achieve

safe

production;

particularly

in

the

high- temperature, high pressure, low temperature, low pressure, dust,

explosive, toxic and radioactive gases such as poor environment can

replace

the

normal

working

people.

Here

I

would

like

to

think

of

designing

a robot to be used in actual production.

Why

would

a

robot

designed

to

provide

a

pneumatic

power:

pneumatic

robot

refers

to

the

compressed

air

as

power

source-driven

robot.

With

pressure-driven and other energy-driven comparison have the following

advantages:

1.

Air

inexhaustible,

used

later

discharged

into

the

atmosphere, does not require recycling and disposal, do not pollute the

environment.

(Concept

of

environmental

protection)

2.

Air

stick

is

small,

the

pipeline

pressure

loss

is

small

(typically

less

than

asphalt

gas

path

pressure

drop

of

one- thousandth),

to

facilitate

long-distance

transport.

3.

Compressed

air

of the

working

pressure is

low

(usually

4

to

8

kg

/

per

square centimeter), and therefore moving the material components and

manufacturing

accuracy

requirements

can

be

lowered.

4.

With

the

hydraulic

transmission, compared to its faster action and reaction, which is one

of

the

advantages

pneumatic

outstanding.

5.

The

air

cleaner

media,

it

will

not degenerate, not easy

to plug the

pipeline. But there

are also places

where

it

fly

in

the

ointment:

1.

As

the

compressibility

of

air,

resulting

in

poor

aerodynamic

stability

of

the

work,

resulting

in

the

implementing

agencies as the precision of the velocity and not easily controlled. 2.

As the use of low atmospheric pressure, the output power can not be too

large; in order to increase the output power is bound to the structure

of the entire pneumatic system size increased.

With

pneumatic

drive

and

compare

with

other

energy

sources

drive

has

the following advantages:

Air inexhaustible, used later discharged into the atmosphere, without

recycling and disposal, do not pollute the environment. Accidental or a

small amount of leakage would not be a serious impact on production.

Viscosity

of

air

is

small,

the

pipeline

pressure

loss

also

is

very

small,

easy long-distance transport.

The lower working pressure of compressed air, pneumatic components and

therefore the material and manufacturing accuracy requirements can be

lowered.

In

general,

reciprocating

thrust

in

1

to

2

tons

pneumatic

economy

is better.

Compared with the hydraulic transmission, and its faster action and

reaction, which is one of the outstanding merits of pneumatic.

Clean air medium, it will

not

degenerate, not

easy to plug

the pipeline.

It

can

be

safely

used

in

flammable,

explosive

and

the

dust

big

occasions.

Also easy to realize automatic overload protection.

Second, the composition, mechanical hand

Robot

in

the

form

of

a

variety

of

forms,

some

relatively

simple,

some

more

complicated, but the basic form is the same as the composition of the

, Usually by the implementing agencies, transmission systems, control

systems and auxiliary devices composed.

1. Implementing agencies

Manipulator executing agency by the hands, wrists, arms, pillars. Hands

are crawling institutions, is used to clamp and release the workpiece,

and

similar

to

human

fingers,

to

complete

the

staffing

of

similar

actions.

Wrist

and

fingers

and

the

arm

connecting

the

components

can

be

up

and

down,

left,

and

rotary

movement.

A

simple

mechanical

hand

can

not

wrist.

Pillars

used to support the arm can also be made mobile as needed.

2. Transmission

The

actuator

to

be

achieved

by

the

transmission

system.

Sub-transmission

system

commonly

used

manipulator

mechanical

transmission,

hydraulic

transmission, pneumatic and electric power transmission and other drive

several forms.

3. Control System

Manipulator

control

system's

main

role

is

to

control

the

robot

according

to certain procedures, direction, position, speed of action, a simple

mechanical

hand

is

generally

not

set

up

a

dedicated

control

system,

using

only trip switches, relays, control valves and circuits can be achieved

dynamic

drive

system

control,

so

that

implementing

agencies

according

to

the

requirements

of

action.

Action

will

have

to

use

complex

programmable

robot controller, the micro-computer control.

Three, mechanical hand classification and characteristics

Robots are generally divided into three categories: the first is the

general

machinery

does

not

require

manual

hand.

It

is

an

independent

not

affiliated

with

a

particular

host

device.

It

can

be

programmed

according

to the needs of the task to complete the operation of the provisions. It

is characterized with ordinary mechanical performance, also has general

machinery, memory, intelligence ternary machinery. The second category

is the need to manually do it, called the operation of aircraft. It

originated in the atom, military industry, first through the operation

of

machines

to

complete

a

particular

job,

and

later

developed

to

operate

using

radio

signals

to

carry

out

detecting

machines

such

as

the

Moon.

Used

in

industrial

manipulator

also

fall

into

this

category.

The

third

category

is dedicated manipulator, the main subsidiary of the automatic machines

or

automatic

lines,

to

solve

the

machine

up

and

down

the

workpiece

material

and delivery. This mechanical hand in foreign countries known as the

exception of a few outside the working procedures are generally fixed,

and therefore special.

Main features:

First,

mechanical

hand

(the

upper

and

lower

material

robot,

assembly

robot,

handling robot, stacking robot, help robot, vacuum handling machines,

vacuum

suction

crane,

labor-saving

spreader,

pneumatic

balancer,

etc.).

Second,

cantilever

cranes

(cantilever

crane,

electric

chain

hoist

crane,

air balance the hanging, etc.)

Third,

rail-type

transport

system

(hanging

rail,

light

rail,

single

girder cranes, double-beam crane)

Four, industrial machinery, application of hand

Manipulator

in

the

mechanization

and

automation

of

the

production

process

developed

a

new

type

of

device.

In

recent

years,

as

electronic

technology,

especially

computer

extensive

use

of

robot

development

and

production

of

high-tech fields has become a rapidly developed a new technology, which

further promoted the development of robot, allowing robot to better

achieved with the combination of mechanization and automation.

Although

the

robot

is

not

as

flexible

as

staff,

but

it

has

to

the

continuous

duplication

of

work

and

labor,

I

do

not

know

fatigue,

not

afraid

of

danger,

the

power

snatch

weight

characteristics

when

compared

with

manual

large,

therefore,

mechanical

hand

has

been

of

great

importance

to

many

sectors,

and increasingly has been applied widely, for example:

(1) Machining the workpiece loading and unloading, especially in the

automatic lathe, combination machine tool use is more common.

(2)

In

the

assembly

operations

are

widely

used

in

the

electronics

industry, it can be used to assemble printed circuit boards, in the

machinery industry

It can be used to assemble parts and components.

(3) The working conditions may be poor, monotonous, repetitive easy to

sub- fatigue working environment to replace human labor.

(4) May be in dangerous situations, such as military goods handling,

dangerous goods and hazardous materials removal and so on.

(5) Universe and ocean development.

(6), military engineering and biomedical research and testing.

Help mechanical hands: also known as the balancer, balance suspended,

labor- saving

spreader,

manual

Transfer

machine

is

a

kind

of

weightlessness

of

manual

load

system,

a

novel,

time-saving

technology

for

material handling operations booster equipment, belonging to kinds of

non-standard

design

of

series

products.

Customer

application

needs,

creating customized cases.

Manual operation of a simulation of the automatic machinery, it can be

a fixed program draws

﹑

handling objects or perform household tools to

accomplish

certain

specific

actions.

Application

of

robot

can

replace

the

people engaged in monotonous

﹑

repetitive or heavy manual labor, the

mechanization

and

automation

of

production,

instead

of

people

in

hazardous environments manual operation, improving working conditions

and

ensure

personal

safety.

The

late

20th

century,

40,

the

United

States

atomic

energy

experiments,

the

first

use

of

radioactive

material

handling

robot, human robot in a safe room to manipulate various operations and

experimentation. 50 years later, manipulator and gradually extended to

industrial production sector, for the temperatures, polluted areas, and

loading and unloading

to

take place

the

work piece material,

but also as

an

auxiliary

device

in

automatic

machine

tools,

machine

tools,

automatic

production lines and processing center applications, the completion of

the upper and lower

material, or

From

the library take place knife knife

and so on according to fixed procedures for the replacement operation.

Robot

body

mainly

by the

hand

and

sports

institutions.

Agencies

with

the

use

of

hands

and

operation

of

objects

of

different

occasions,

often

there

are

clamping

﹑

support

and

adsorption

type

of

care.

Movement

organs

are

generally

hydraulic

pneumatic

﹑

﹑

electrical

device

drivers.

Manipulator can be achieved independently retractable

﹑

rotation and

lifting

movements,

generally

2

to

3

degrees

of

freedom.

Robots

are

widely

used

in

metallurgical

industry,

machinery

manufacture,

light

industry

and