-
动词复习导图
1.
动词的分类
实意动词：
及物动词
vt..
不及物动词
vi.
系动词
-(am, is,
are, was, were)
2.
感观动词：
see, hear,
sound, smell, taste, touch, feel
3.
表象：
look, seem
4.
变化
: get,
become, turn, fall, grow, run, go
5.
保持：
stay, keep,
remain
6.
“终止”
prove, turn
out to be
非实意动词
情态动词
: can could shall should
will would may might
…
助动词
: Be- am, is, are, was,
were being been
Do- does, did, doing, done
Have- has, had ,had
Will- would
Shall- should
2.
动词的变形
do, does, did, to do, doing, done
★
规则变化与不规则变化
第三人称单数
动词加
ing
过去式、过去分词规则变化与不规则变化
★
3.<
/p>
动词在句中的用法
时态
谓语
语态
情态
to do
doing
非谓语
done
4
．动词的命题方式
5.
练习
★
(
二
)
动词的用法
第一：谓语动词
---
时态
----
语态
---
情态
一、时态
★必背时态结构
过去时
现在时
将来时
一般态
do
did
do/does
will
do
进行态
be doing
was/were doing
am/is/are
doing
will be doing
完成态
have done
had done
have/has done
will have done
二、语态
常见时态的被动语态结构
1.
一般现在时：
am/is /are
done
2.
一般过去时：
was/were
+done
3.
一般将来时：
will be
done
4.
现在进行时：
am/is/are
being done
5.
过去进行时：
was/were
being done
6.
现在完成时：
have/has
been done
7.
过去完成时：
had been
done
三、情态
情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态。如需要、可能、愿意、怀疑等。情态动
< br>词有一定的词义，
但不完整，
必须和主要动词的原型一起
构成谓语。
常用的情态
动词有：
can
, could, may, might, must, have to, ought to,
need, dare, shall, will, should,
would,
be able to,
及半情态动词
be to do,
had better
等。
1.
情态动词有一定的意义，只表示期待或估计某事的发生，
不能表示正在发生或已经发生
的事情。
2.
没有人称和数的变化，即情态
动词第三人称单数不加
-s
。
3.
不能独立使用，它和后面的动词构成谓语。
4.
情态动词
除
ought
和
have
外，后面只能接动词原形
5.
情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词等形式。
只作情态动词的
can/could, may/might, ought
to, must
可情态可实义的
need, dare
可情态可助动词的
shall/should, will/would
相当于情态动词的
have to
1.
must & need &
have to
情态动词
must
含义
表必要“必须”
表推测“一定“
否定式
needn’
t
不必
can
’
t
“不可能“
注意点
区别
have to
有时表
“偏要”
只能用于肯定句，不
能用于否定、疑问句
注意：
1) must
表示推测时，
只能用于肯定句。
must do
对一般时的肯定推测
must be
doing
对现在的动作进行肯定推测
must have done
对过去发生的事情作出的肯定判断
e.g.
他们买了一辆新车。
他们一定很有钱
他现在一定在看小说
路是湿的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。
2)
need
1.
作情态动词时
,
仅用于否定或疑问句
,
后接动词原形
,
表
“
需要
”
You
needn’t
return the book now.
---
Need he start from the beginning?
--- Yes, he must.
--- No, he
needn’t/doesn’t have to.
’
t
have done
表示做了本不必要做的事情
,
意为
“
本不必要
…”
Our color TV set is still
good enough. You
needn’t have
bought
a new one.
3.
< br>作实义动词时
,
表示
“
需要
”
，有人称、时态、和数的变化
He needs to finish it this
evening.
The classroom needs
cleaning.
4 needn’t
对其它情态动词的回答
:
--Shall I tell John about it?
--No, you __________.
--No,
you __________.
注意对
n
eed
问句的回答
:
--Need I finish
the work today?
--Yes, ________________.
No,
________________.
No, ________________.
Must
we do it now?
--No, you
__________.
--No, you __________.
2.
can/could
情态动词
can/could
含义
表“能力”能、会
表许可
可以
表推测可能
否定式
can
’
t
不会，不能
can
< br>’
t
不可以，不许
can
’
t
不可能
注意点
区别
be able to
代替
may
主要用于否定句、疑
问句中
1
）表示某人通过努力克服困难做
成某事
,
要用
was / were
able to.
2
）
could, might, would
表委婉语气用于疑问句
,
答语仍须用
can, may, will.
3
）
can
用于肯定句中
,
可表示
”
有时可能
”
4
）
can/could have done
“
本可以，本可能做某事
”
用于肯定句中，表示对过去发生的
事情做出的判断。
你本来可以考的更好。
5
）
. can/could not
have done
对过去发生行为进行推测
:
不可能做某事
刚才我还看见他了，
所以他不可能出国的。
门是锁着的，
所以她不可能在家。
3.
may/might
情态动词
may/might
含义
表许可
可以
表推测
可能
否定式
mustn
’
t
禁止
can
’
t
不可能
注意点
口语中也可用
can
’
t
主要用于肯定句，不
能用在疑问句
may not
可能不
注意：
might/may
have done,
表示对过去发生的动作进行可能性推测，
1
）他可能去医务室了。
2
）他可能已经从报纸上知道这个消
息了。
4.
will/would
情态动词
will
would
更客气的请求
用法
表请求（第二人称）
表意志，意愿
过去的意志（愿）
表某种倾向或习惯
过去的倾向或习惯
5.
shall ,should
和
ought to
情态动词
shall
should/ought
用法
<
/p>
征求对方意见
（第一，
表示命令，警告，
威胁或允诺（第二，三人
三人称）
称）
表示劝告、建议、命
表示推测，
“理应，
估
s
hould
还可以表示竟
令或责任“应该，必
< br>须
计，大概”
然
注意：
1.
在陈述句中
,shall
用于二、三人称表示允诺、警告、命令、决心等。
You shall do as I say.
(
命令
)
Nothing shall stop me doing it.
(
决心
)
Tell him that he shall have
the book tomorrow.
(
允诺
)
2
.
在疑问句中
,
用于一、三人称，用来
表示请求或征求意见。
Shall I open the
window for you
？（征求意见）
Shall he fetch some water for
you
？（请求）
3.
should
常表示劝告、建议、命令，与
ought
to
意义相近，但
ought
to
多表示责任、义务，
语气强烈。
Young people should learn how to use
computers.
Every citizen
ought to obey law.
You
ought not to go.
/ought to have done
表示责备或批评
,
意为
“
本应该
…
但
”
,ought to
的语气更强烈
,
用于否
定则表示
“
< br>本不该
…
但
”
< br>
You should/ought to have told her
the truth earlier
She
shouldn’t have left
without
saying a word.
用于可能性推测时
,
表
“
应该，很可能
”
They left at
5:30. They should get there now.
六
.
可兼做行为动词的情态动词：
need
、
dare
1.
作为
情态动词用，常用在否定句和疑问句中。
Dare
(need) +S +V
S + daren’t (needn’t)
+V
I daren’t walk through
the forest at night.
Dare
you walk through the forest at night?
You needn’t return the book
now.
Need he go yesterday?
2.
作实义动词用，常用在肯定句中
,
有人称、时态、和数的变化
He
needs to go there himself.
He has grown
up,so we don’t need to worry about him.
(sb) need( want, request)+ doing/ to
be done
The house needs cleaning/ to be cleaned
The
boy needs sending to the hospital at once.
表示推测
——
情态动词的重要用法
情态动词
肯定的推测
must
可能的猜测
may, might
对将来
+V
.
常见
must be
+ V
.
对现在
+
V
.
+ be doing
+
V
.
+ be doing
可以用
not
表示“可
对过去
+have done
+have done
能不”
否定的推测
can
’
t,
couldn
’
t
疑问的猜测
can, could
+
V
.
+ V
.
+ V
.
+ be doing
+ V
.
+ be doing
+have done
+have done
“情态动词
+have
done
”
用法
情态动词
+have done
用法
表示主观上对过去已经发生的<
/p>
行为进行推测，意为“想必，
准是，一定做了某事”
例句
1
．
She must have
gone through a lot.
2
．
He
must
have
visited
the
White
House
during his
stay in the United
States.
1
．
You may have
learnt the news.
2
．
He
may
not
have
heard
his
name
called.
3
．
Sorry
I’
m
late.
I
might
have
turned
off the alarm clock
and gone back to
sleep again.
1
．
Where can she
have gone?
2
．
Could
he
have
done
such
a
foolish
thing?
3
．
The boy
can
’
t have finished reading
the
book
so
soon
because
it
is
difficult even to an
adult.
1
．
He could
have killed himself driving
at a
dangerous speed.
2
．
You
could
have
been
more
considerate.
3
．
You could have
done better, but you
were too careless.
1
．
You should not
swim in that sea. You
might have been
eaten by a shark.
2
．
He might have
given him more help,
thought he was
busy.
must have done
may/might have done
表示对过去已发生
行为的推
测，意为“也许
/
或许已经（
没
有）……“。一般用于肯定句
或否定句中，不用于疑问句。<
/p>
用
might
则表示语气更加不肯
定。
can
…
have done
cannot have done
表示对过去发生的行为的
怀疑
和不肯定，通常用在否定句和
疑问句中。
< br>（
can
换成
could
时
语气委婉）
could have done
可用于肯定句中，表示“可
能
已经……”之意，此外，还可
以表示过去能做而没做的事，<
/p>
有一种对过去为付诸实施的事
情的惋惜。
表示“本来可能……，但实际
上没有发生的事情”
。
另外，
还
可以表示“本来
应该或可以做
某事”之意，含有轻微的责备
语气。
might have done
should/ought
to
have
用于肯定句时，表示本该做某
1
．
He
should
have
known
that
the
事，而实际上未做；用于否定
done
police would never allow this sort of
句时，则表示不该做的事反而
thing.
做了。
2
．
You
shouldn
’
t
have
done
it
so
carelessly.
3
．
You ought to
have returned the book
needn
’
t have done
表示做了本来不必去做的事。
注意：
d
idn
’
t need to do
表
示
“没
必要做而实际上也没有做某
事”
用于事后的建议，含轻微责备
的口吻
，意为“当时最好做了
某事”
，
其否定
式
had better not
have
done
表示相反的含义。
had
better have done
earlier.
4
．
You
ought
not
to
have
refused
his
offer.
1
．
You
needn
’
t have watered the
plants,
for it is going to rain.
2
．
I
didn
’
t need to buy the
dictionary. I
had a copy at home.
1
．
You had better
have started earlier.
2
．
You had better
not have scolded her.
，
其
1
．
I would rather have
taken his advice.
would
rather
have
表示
“当时宁愿做了某事”
否定式
would
rather
not
have
2
．
I would rather
not have told him the
done
d
one
表示相反的含义，两者都
truth.
表示“后悔”之意。
练习：
请填入正确的情态动词
; could
When I was young I
_____ climb any tree in the forest.
Learning a language _____ be a real
challenge.
; might
I asked if I _____ go home half an hour
earlier today.
There ____________ not
be enough money to pay for the repairs.
; would
When he
got older, he _____ never do his homework.
Nancy _____ keep talking unless you
tell her to shut up.
;
should
By now, they ______ already be
in Dubai.
I _____ be replaced by
someone from the New York office.
5.
must; can’t
You _____ have stayed up. You look so
tired.
You _____ be 45! I thought you
were about 25 years old.
.
完成下列句子：
1. I don‘t know where she
is, she _______________.
(
可能在武汉）
(be)
2. At this moment, our teacher
_______________
（想必在批改）
our
exam papers. ( mark / grade)
3. The
road is wet. It
________________(
一定下雨了）
last night.
(rain)
4. Your
mother _____________________________
（一定一直在找你）
(look)
5. Philip ________________________
seriously in
the car accident.
(
可能受了重伤
). (hurt)
6. ---Linda has gone to work, but her
bicycle is
still here.
--She
___________________(
可能走了
)by
bus.(go)
7. Mike
________________(
一定还没有找回
)his
car,
for he came to
work by bus this morning.
综合练习：
1.
【
2015·
北京】
22.--
Did you enjoy the party?
--Yes,we___by
our hosts.
treated
be treated.
d
treated
2.
【
2015·
北京】
the last few
years,China ___ great achievements in
environmental protection.
made
made
making
making
3.
【
2015·
北京】
27.
—
Did you have
difficulty finding Ann' house?
—
Not ___us clear directions
and we were able to find ?
to give
given
giving
give
4.
【
2015·
北京】
30.
—
Dr. Jackson is not in his
office at the moment.
—
All
right. I____ him later.
A. will call
B. have called
C. call
D will be calling
5.
【
2015·
重庆】
1
.
—
Is Peter coming?
—
No, he____ his mind after a
phone call at the last minute.
A.
changes
B. changed
C. was changing
D. had changed
6.
【
2015·
重庆】
13.
In my hometown,
there is always a harvest supper for the farmers
after all the
wheat____ cut.
A. will have been
B. will be
C. was
D. has been
7.
【
2015·
浙
江】
8.
Albert
Einstein
was
born
in
1879.
As
a
child,
few
people
guessed
that
he
a famous scientist whose
theories would change the world.
A. has
been
B. had been
C.
was going to be
D. was
8.
【
2015·
天津】
9.
Despite the previous rounds
of talks, no agreement______ so far by the two
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