-
作文导学案――读后续写(
1
)
题型解读
一、
问题导学
:
1.
读后续写考查我们的哪些能力?
2.<
/p>
如何根据要求和提示精彩续写故事?
二、知识梳理:
1.
读后续写属于综合性语言测试,
是将阅读与写作紧密结合的考查形式,
主要考查学生的文本
p>
解读能力、合理想象能力、情节构思能力、创新表达能力和语言运用能力。
< br>
2.
读后续写需要我们学习
并熟练地掌握以下
5
种方法:
1
)
如何快速阅读文本,
理解续写前文的意思;
2
)
如何让
你的续写部分和所给短文浑然一体;
3
)如何利用段首句,让衔
接更为合理;
4
)如何更巧妙设置续写情节;
< br>5
)如何更地道更优
美地表述记叙文。
< br>
探究一:题型解读
读后续写题型即提供一段
350
词以内的语言
材料,要求考生依据该材料内容、所给段
落开头语和所标示关键词进行续写
(
150
词左右)
,
将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、
情节和结构完整的短文
(
教育部考试中心,
2015
年
)
。
◆选材特点
(
1
)所需阅读的短文词数在
350
以
内;
(
2
)
多以记叙文故事类文章或者夹叙夹议类文章为主,故事情节有曲折、有起伏,但是,
故事
线索的逻辑性比较强。
◆评分参考
阅卷时主要考虑以下内容:
(
1
)与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度;
(
2
)内容的丰富性
< br>(
细节描写:外貌、心理、语言、动作、表情、环境
)<
/p>
和对所给关键词语
的覆盖情况(使用
5<
/p>
个以上);
(
3
)应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性;
(
4
)上下文的连贯性
(
p>
注意与前文内容以及所给出句子的上下文连贯
)
。
注意:
(
1
)所续写短文的词数应为
15
0
左右(词数少于
130
的,从总分中
减去
2
分);
(
2
)应使用
5
个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语;
(
3
)续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好;
(
4
)续写完成后,请用下划线标出你
所使用的关键词语。
1
/
12
因此
,
我们在今后的训练中,
要从
内容、<
/p>
语言和思维
三个方面下苦功夫,
夯实写作
基础。
探究二:构思续写的步骤
一
.
解读前文内容
:
for six
elements(5W1H);
2. read for
plots;
3. read for
predictions.
二
.
快速构思微型故事:
1.
明确故事的
主题
(基于原文的主题)
;
2.
p>
把故事说
“小”
;
3.
故
事不违背生活逻辑、情感逻辑、思维习惯;
4.
分析归纳所给关键词,并依据所给出的首句
写“五所”(所说,所听,所想,所感,所做);
5.
善于营造悬念。
三
.
进行多维度衔接
(
< br>1.
与原文的逻辑衔接;
2.
与
所给段首句的衔接;
3.
第一段与第二段的
衔接;
4.
续写内容间的衔接。)
四.设
计精彩结尾
(哲理式结尾、以景结情、自然结尾)
(
接下来我们重点学习如何解读前文内容。
) <
/p>
探究三:如何解读前文内容
(本导学案以记叙文为例。)
记叙文是以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主,以写人物的经历和事物发展
变化为主要内
容的一种文体形式。
它的特点是通过生动形象的事
件来反映生活并表达作者的思想情感。
记
叙文常见的表达方式有
叙述、描写、抒情、议论和说明。其中,叙述和描写是记叙文最常见
的表达方式。记叙文
的解读一般遵循以下四个视角:
要素、情节、细节、关键句
。<
/p>
【范例】
案例:
阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的
故事。
Steve was the
most amazing person in all of Minneapolis, and he
was my cousin. By the
age of 19, Steve
was a star baseball player at the University of
Minnesota. I wanted to be
exactly like
him. So when Steve asked me to go with him on a
spring fishing trip in northern
Minnesota, I was excited!
After planning the trip, we gathered
clothes and supplies, and began our great
adventure. We reached the Superior
National Forest in northern Minnesota by early
evening. On our way to the campsite,
Steve pointed to a small house faraway in one of
the
mountains, saying that it was the
ranger station
(护林站)
where the
forester worked.
2
/
12
Finally, after a long walk, we reached
the campsite and set up the camp as the sun was
setting. Steve knew all the tricks of
an experienced wilderness camper. After we
gathered
enough wood from the forest,
he started the campfire using only stone and steel
一
no
matches. For supper we feasted on
freeze-dried beef, wild rice and pea soup. I ate
greedily
after all that work.
Tired enough, we climbed into our
sleeping bags early and talked about our plans for
fishing the next day. We were still
talking quietly when a sudden north wind picked
up; the
temperature
dropped
and it began to snow. Steve found a way to
increase the temperature
inside the
tent. He dragged a log from the forest to the
opposite side of the campfire. Then he
wrapped aluminum foil
(铝箔)
around the log. The heat
from the fire reflected off the foil
and into the tent. Soon images of lake
fish were filling my dreams.
The snow
had stopped, but some time later a powerful wind
must have kicked up the
flames of our
dying fire. I was suddenly awakened by Steve. Our
tent was on fire. Frightened,
I ran out
of the tent immediately. The tent collapsed
(
倒塌
) with Steve inside.
Without any
thought of endangering
myself, I reached into the burning tent and pulled
him to the icy lake.
Fortunately, we
were not seriously hurt.
注意:
1.
所续写短文的词数应为
150<
/p>
左右;
2.
至少使用
5
个短文中标有下划线的关键词语;
< br>
3.
续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好;
4.
续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
Later, as we
stood by the burning tent to keep warm, we
considered our difficult situation.
___
__________________________________________________
__________________________
Paragraph 2:
Suddenly, we
heard a noise in the forest.
__________
__________________________________________________
___________________
Step I:
读要素
read for elements(5W&1H).
3
/
12
记叙
文有六要素,即
5W
和
1H
――“
who, what, where, when, why, h
ow
”。因此,我
们往往可以有以下设问:
“
Who is it
about?
”
“
What
happens?
”
“
Where
does it
happen?
”
“
When
does it happen?
”“
Why does it
happen?
”“
How does it
happen?
”
有时候一个文本并
不具备所有的要素,可能只会涉及其中的三到四个,
我们可以
根据
具体文本寻读具体要素。只要把这几个基本要素弄清楚了,文章的主要内容也就清晰
地展
现在我们面前了。
When
Where
Who
What
How
Why
信息整理:
What is the
story
about?(
用三四句话概况一下故事主要内容。
)
__________________________________________
_____________________________________
__
__________________________________________________
___________________________
____________
__________________________________________________
_________________
Step II:
读情节
read for plots
情节旨在表现人物之间相互关系以及事件的发展过程,如联系、矛盾、同情、反感等
的
主要脉络。一般包括开端、发展、高潮、结局等部分。接下来学习如何概况故事情节。
根据事件发展主线
4
/
12
Characters
Beginning
development
Climax
Ending?(your
opinion)
Step III:
读细节
read for details
< br>细节描写让文章充满活力。记叙文中的细节描写可以分为与人物相关的细节描写以及
与场景、
环境有关的细节描写。
人物的细节描写占有较大的比
重,
包括外貌、
表情、
语言、
动作、心理、性格等描写。
Figures
behaviors
I was asked to go
on a spring fishing trip
Characters and feelings
excited
I(the author)
We climbed into our sleeping
…
and
talked about
our plans for fishing.
Images of lake fish were filling my
dreams.
I ran out of the
tent immediately.
5
/
12
I
reached into the burning tent and
pulled him to the icy lake.
Steve
Gathered clothes and
supplies, pointed to
a small house, set
up the camp, gathered
enough
wood
…
, started the
campfire
…
,
dragged a log
…
,
wrapped aluminum
foil
…
Step IV
:预设情节
make
predictions
Character
划
Setting
线
词
Action
Mood
Steve,
forester
clothes, supplies, campsite, forest,
fire
found, endangering
frightened
Para. 1:
Later, as we stood by the burning tent
to keep warm, we considered our
difficult situation
.
(续写部分可详细描写
_________________________
_______________________________________
段
首
句
Para. 2:
Suddenly, we
heard a noise
in the forest.
(续写部分可写
_____________________
_________________________________________________
___________________________
__________________________________________________
_____
。
)
探究四:构思及续写
Paragraph 1:
6
/
12
__
__________________________________________________
________________________________
。
)