-
医学英语主要前缀
1
．人体主要器官前缀
名称
通用名
前
（后）
缀
常用形容词
示
例
心
heart cardiao- cardial
/carditis/cardiology
脑
brain encepholo- cerebral
cerebrum/encephalitis/
encephalology
肺
lung pulmo- pulmonary
pulmontor/pulmonectomy/
pulmonology
肝
liver hepato- hepatic
hepatitis/hepatobiliary/
hepatology
胃
stomach gastro- gastric
gastritis/gastrointestinal/
gastrology
胆
gallbladder chole- biliary
cholecystiti
s/cholinergic/cholecys
tectomy
肠
intestine
entero- intestinal
enteritis/enterectomy/enterology
脾
spleen splen- splenic
splenitis/splenectomy/splenology
胰
pancreas pancreato-
pancreatic
pancreatitis/pancreatectomy
肾
kidney nephro-
renal/nephric
nephritis/nephropathy/
nephrology
2
．与人体系
统、器官有关的前（后）缀
名称
通用名
前（后）缀
示例
血
blood hemo-/hemato
hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma
血管
vessel vaso-
vasopressor/cardiovasology/
静脉
vein veno-
venography/intravenous/
venoconstriction
动脉
artery arterio-
arteriology/arteriole/
arteriosclerosis
肌
muscle myo-
mycology/myositis/myocarditis
髓
marrow myel-/myelo-
myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma
神经
nerve neur-/neyro-
neurology/neuritis/neuron
细胞
cell cyto-/-cyte
cytology/cytoma/leukocyte
尿
urine uro-/ur-
urology/urosurgery/urogenital
体
body somato-/some
somatology/somatopsychic/
chromosome
3
．与数字有关的前缀
数字
前缀
示例
一（单）
mono-/uni-
monomer/monoclone/carbon
monoxide/unidirectional
二
bi-/di-
bilateral/biphasiccarbon
dioxide/dipeptide
三
tri-
trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal
nerve
四
tetra-
tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia
五
penta-
pentagon
/pentachromic/pentachlorid
e
六
hexa- hexachromic/benzene
hexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiu
nd
七
hepta-
heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalen
t
八
octa- octahedral/octal
system
九
nona-
nonapeptide/nonagon
十
deca-
decade/decagram/decaliter
注：十位数的表示一般为：个
位数前缀
+deca
，如：
hexad
ecanol
（十六烷醇），
tetradecapeptid
e gastrin
（十四肽胃
泌素）
，
octadecanoic
acid
（十八烷酸）
4
．颜色及与颜色有关的前缀
颜色
通用名
前缀
示例
色
color chrom-/chromo-
chromosome/chromatin/
chromatometer
红
red erythro-
erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/
erythrometer
白
white leuko-
leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira
黑
black melano-
melena/melanoma/melanoderma
黄
yellow xantho-
xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma
蓝
blue cyan-/cyano
cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia
紫
violet/purple
绿
green
棕
brown brown mixture/brown
ring
橙
orange Victoria
orange/ethyl
orange/orange
G
粉红
pink oink frothy sputum
绯红
crimson
青铜
bronzed bronzed diabetes
注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为
同义，其前缀都为“cy
ano
-
”.
5
．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀
(1)
含义
前（后）缀
形容词
示例
病
patho-
pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis
/-pathy -pathic
neuropathy/nephropathy/
adenopathy
病态
-osis -otic
neurosis/tuberculosis/schis
tosomia
sis
增多
leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/gran
< br>ulocytosis
减少
-penia
-penic
leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/