(完整版)常用医学英语词根一

常用医学英语词根词缀

1

．

人体主要器官前缀

名称

通用名

前（后）缀

常用形容词

示例

心

heart

cardiao-

cardial

cardium / carditis / cardiology

脑

brain

encepholo-

cerebral

cerebrum / encephalitis / encephalology

肺

lung

pulmo-

pulmonary

pulmontiis / pulmonectomy / pulmonology

肝

liver

hepato-

hepatic

hepatitis / hepatobiliary / hepatology

胃

stomach

gastro-

gastric

gastritis / gastrointestinal / gastrology

胆

gallbladder

chole-

biliary

holecystitis / cholinergic / cholecystectomy

肠

intestine

entero-

intestinal

enteritis / enterectomy / enterology

脾

spleen

splen-

splenic

splenitis / splenectomy / splenology

胰

pancreas

pancreato-

pancreatic

pancreatitis / pancreatectomy

肾

kidney

nephro-

renal/nephric

nephritis / nephropathy / nephrology

2

．

与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀

名称

通用名

前（后）缀

示例

血

blood

hemo-/hemato

hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma

血管

vessel

vaso-

vas opressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular

静脉

vein

veno-

venography/intravenous/venoconstriction

动脉

artery

arterio-

arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis

肌

muscle

myo-

mycology/myositis/myocarditis

髓

marrow

myel-/myelo-

myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma

神经

nerve

neur-/neyro-

neurology/neuritis/neuron

细胞

cell

cyto-/-cyte

cytology/cytoma/leukocyte

尿

urine

uro-/ur-

urology/urosurgery/urogenital

体

body

somato-/some

somatology/somatopsychic/chromosome

3

．

与数字有关的前缀

数字

前缀

示例

一（单）

mono-/uni-

monomer/monoclone/carbon monoxide/unidirectional

二

bi-/di-

bilateral/biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide

三

tri-

trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal nerve

四

tetra-

tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia

五

penta-

pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride

六

hexa-

hexachromic/benzene hexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund

七

hepta-

heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent

八

octa-

octahedral/octal system

九

nona-

nonapeptide/nonagon

十

deca-

decade/decagram/decaliter

注：

十位数的表示一般为：

个位数前缀

+deca

，

如：

hexadecanol

（十六烷醇）

< br>，

tetradecapeptide

gastrin

（十四肽胃泌素）

，

octadeca noic acid

（十八烷酸）

1

4

．

颜色及与颜色有关的前缀

颜色

通用名

前缀

示例

色

color

chrom-/chromo-

chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer

红

red

erythro-

erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer

白

white

leuko-

leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira

黑

black

melano-

melena/melanoma/melanoderma

黄

yellow

xantho-

xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma

蓝

blue

cyan-/cyano

cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia

紫

violet/purple

绿

green

棕

brown

brown mixture / brown ring

橙

orange

Victoria orange / ethyl orange / orange G

粉红

pink

oink frothy sputum

绯红

crimson

青铜

bronzed

bronzed diabetes

注：有些病名 的“蓝”

“紫”

“青”为同义，其前缀都为“

< br>cyano-

”

.

5

．

与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀

(1)

含义

前（后）缀

形容词

示例

病

patho-

pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis

/-pathy

-pathic

neuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy

病态

-osis

-otic

neurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis

增多

leukocytosis/er ythrocytopenia/granulocytosis

减少

-penia

-penic

leukocytopenia/ erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia

无

a-/an-

atypical

anuria/agranulocytopenia

小

/

微

-let

droplet/platelet/leaflet

micro-

microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus

大

/

巨

macro-

macroscopic

macronucleus/macrophage

-megaly

splenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly

复合

/

多

poly-

polyuria/polymer/polyopia

全

/

泛

pan-

pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic

6

．

与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀

(2)

含义

前（后）缀

示例

相反

dis-

disease/disorder/disability

困难

/

障碍

dys-

dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea

不良

mal-

malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice

炎症

-itis

appendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis

瘤

/

块

-oma

lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma

血症

-emia

leukemia/septisemia/bacteremia

痛

-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-

analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer

麻痹

-plegia

hemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia

流出

-rrhea

diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea

坏死

-necrosis/necro-/necr-

hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia

2