人教版高一英语必修4课文原文

必修

4 Unit 1

A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE

It

is

5:45

am

and

the

sun

is

just

rising

over

Gombe

National

Park

in

East

Africa.

Following

Jane's

way

of

studying

chimps,

our

group

are

all

going

to

visit

them

in

the

forest.

Jane

has

studied

these

families

of

chimps

for

many

years

and

helped people understand how much they behave like humans. Watching a family of

chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the place

where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and waits

in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. Then we

follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean

each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is

going

to

be

very

tired

and

dirty

by

the

afternoon

and

she

is

right.

However,

the

evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in

the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize

that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family.

Nobody

before

Jane

fully

understood

chimp

behaviour.

She

spent

years

observing and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to

work with animals in their own environment. However, this was not easy. When she

first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only

after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin

her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one

important

thing

she

discovered

was

that

chimps

hunt

and

eat

meat.

Until

then

everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as

a

group

hunting

a

monkey

and

then

eating

it.

She

also

discovered

how

chimps

communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work

out their social system.

For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the

world

understand

and

respect

the

life

of

these

animals.

She

has

argued

that

wild

animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.

She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. She is leading a

busy

life

but

she

says:

I

stop,

it

all

comes

crowding

in

and

I

remember

the

chimps in laboratories. It's terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. I say

to myself, 'Aren't they lucky?

they have done nothing wrong. Once you have seen that you

can never forget ...

She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their

own environment, gaining a doctor's degree and showing that women can live in the

forest as men can. She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.

WHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORK?

I enjoyed English, biology, and chemistry at school, but which one should I choose to

study at university? I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at

the computer to do some research on great women of China.

By

chance

I

came

across

an

article

about

a

doctor

called

Lin

Qiaozhi,

a

specialist in women's diseases. She lived from 1901 to 1983. It seemed that she had

been

very

busy

in

her

chosen

career,

travelling

abroad

to

study

as

well

as

writing

books and articles. One of them caught my eye. It was a small book explaining how

to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies. She gave some simple rules to

follow for keeping babies clean, healthy and free from sickness. Why did she write

that?

Who

were the women

that

Lin

Qiaozhi

thought needed

this

advice?

I

looked

carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside.

Perhaps if they had an emergency they could not reach a doctor.

Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training

at that time. That was a generation when girls' education was always placed second to

boys'. Was she so much cleverer than anyone else? Further reading made me realize

that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into

medical school. What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration

she showed to all her patients. There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired

after a day's work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could

not pay her.

By now I could not wait to find out more about her. I discovered that Lin

Qiaozhi

had

devoted

her

whole

life

to

her

patients

and

had

chosen

not

to

have

a

family

of

her

own.

Instead

she

made

sure

that

about

50,000

babies

were

safely

delivered. By this time I was very excited. Why not study at medical college like Lin

Qiaozhi and carry on her good work? It was still not too late for me to improve my

studies, prepare for the university entrance examinations, and….

必修

4 Unit 2

A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE

Although

he

is

one

of

China's

most

famous

scientists,

Yuan

Longping

considers

himself

a

farmer,

for

he

works

the

land

to

do

his

research.

Indeed,

his

sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of

Chinese

farmers,

for

whom

he

has

struggled

for

the

past

five

decades.

Dr

Yuan

Longping

grows

what

is

called

super

hybrid

rice.

In

1974,

he

became

the

first

agricultural

pioneer

in

the

world

to

grow

rice

that

has

a

high

output.

This

special

strain

of

rice

makes

it

possible

to

produce

one- third

more

of

the

crop

in

the

same

fields.

Now

more

than

60%

of

the

rice

produced

in

China

each

year

is

from

this

hybrid strain.

Born into a poor farmer's family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest

Agricultural College in 1953. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been

his life goal. As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output. At

that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. Dr Yuan

searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.

In 1950,

Chinese

farmers

could produce only

fifty

million tons of

rice. In a

recent

harvest,

however,

nearly

two

hundred

million

tons

of

rice

was

produced.

These

increased harvests mean that 22% of the world's people are fed from just 7% of the

farmland in China. Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and

many

other

less

developed

countries

to

increase

their

rice

harvests.

Thanks

to

his

research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. Using his

hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.

Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. However, he doesn't care about being

famous. He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. He would much rather

keep

time

for

his

hobbles.

He

enjoys

listening

to

violin

music,

playing

mah-jong,

swimming and reading. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also

means very little to him. Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has

more rather than fewer troubles. He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others

for their research in agriculture.

Just

dreaming

for

things,

however,

costs

nothing.

Long

ago

Dr

yuan

had

a

dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of

corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream

with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people. Now, many

years

later,

Dr

Yuan

has

another

dream:

to

export

his

rice

so

that

it

can

be

grown

around the globe. One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves

and cares for his people.

CHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING?

Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in

farming.

Many

farmers

welcomed

them

as

a

great

way

to

stop

crop

disease

and

increase

production. Recently,

however,

scientists

have been

finding

that

long-term

use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to

people's health.

What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? First, they

damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones.

Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time. This affects

crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and

cannot just be washed off. These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's

bodies over time. Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. In

addition,

fruit,

vegetables

and

other

food

grown

with

chemical

fertilizers

usually

grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. They may look beautiful, but inside there is

usually more water than vitamins and minerals.

With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to

turn

to

organic

farming.

Organic

farming

is

simply

farming

without

using

any

chemicals. They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. A healthy soil

reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. Organic farmers, therefore,

often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. They feel that this makes

the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile. This also keeps the air,

soil, water and crops free from chemicals.

Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. They

often change the

kind

of

crop in

each

field every

few

years,

for

example,

growing

corn

or

wheat

and

then

the

next

year

peas

or

soybeans.

Crops

such

as

peas

or

soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as

wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. Organic farmers also plant crops to use

different

levels

of

soil,

for

example,

planting

peanuts

that

use

the

ground's

surface

followed

by

vegetables

that

put

down

deep

roots.

Some

organic

farmers

prefer

planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away

the soil,

and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year's crop.

These

many

different

organic

farming

methods

have

the

same

goal:

to

grow

good

food and avoid damaging the environment or people's health.

必修

4 Unit 3

A MASTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOUR

As

Victor

Hugo once said,

is the

sun

that drives

winter from

the

human

face

and

up

to

now

nobody

has

been

able

to

do

this

better

than

Charlie

Chaplin. He brightened the lives of Americans and British through two world wars

and

the

hard

years

in

between.

He

made

people

laugh

at

a

time

when

they

felt

depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.

Not that Charlie's own life was easy! He was born in a poor family in 1889. His

parents

were

both

poor

music

hall

performers.

You

may

find

it

astonishing

that

Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could

walk. Such training was common in acting families at this time, especially when the

family income was often uncertain. Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family

even worse off, so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his

brother.

By

his

teens,

Charlie

had,

through

his

humour,

become

one

of

the

most

popular

child

actors

in

England.

He

could

mime

and

act

the

fool

doing

ordinary

everyday

tasks.

No

one

was

ever

bored

watching

him

-his

subtle

acting

made

everything entertaining.

As time went by, he began making films. He grew more and more popular as

his

charming

character,

the

little

tramp,

became

known

throughout

the

world.

The

tramp, a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes

and a small round black hat. He walked around stilly carrying a walking stick. This

character

was

a social

failure

but

was

loved

for his optimism

and determination to

overcome all difficulties. He was the underdog who was kind even when others were

unkind to him.

How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining? Here is an example

from one of his most famous films, The Gold Rush. It is the mid-nineteenth century

and gold has just been discovered in California. Like so many others, the little tramp

and his friend have rushed there in search of gold, but without success. Instead they

are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstorm with nothing

to eat. They are so hungry that they try boiling a pair of leather shoes for their dinner.

Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti. Then he cuts

off the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest steak. Finally he tries cutting and

chewing the bottom

of the shoe. He eats each mouthful with great enjoyment. The

acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has

ever tasted!

Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred in. In 1972

he was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films. He lived in England

and the USA but spent his last years in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977. He