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跨文化商务沟通笔记

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-03-01 05:57
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2021年3月1日发(作者:pharos)


The essential elements of communication


1. there should be at least


two part


s. 2. there should be a


message


3. there should be a


contact



between the two parts



4. there should be


a


language


that both sides share. 5. there should a


place


6.


time


for the communication to take place.


Message (


信息)



Source of message



encode






code







channel/medium



decoder retriever of message


(信息源)










编码)



(密码)



(渠道

/


媒介)







(解码)







(信息接受者)





Attributes of communication



1. It is a born need



2. It is interactive



3. it can be either constructive or destructive to a relation



4. It cannot be white washed in case it is performed.


?



I. What is culture?


The definition can be in three-step hierarchy/ the structure of culture


Spiritual: beliefs, core of value, ethnics, etc.;


Custom/social: manners, organizations, techniques, etc,.



Material: food, tools, clothing, etc.


Ideological culture/ social culture/ material culture


Four Aspects of Culture


1. It



s learnt, not obtained from genes.



Social, family, and regional factors as input.



2. It



s shared by a group of people. Local language and culture to be shared by people in a certain


group.


3. It



s symbolic. Many can be of symbols of a culture --- language (verbal or non-verbal one),


architects, arts, and so on.


4. It



s adaptive. No culture is fixed except the dead.


What may effect cross-cultural communication



Way of observing





verbal language




non-verbal language


?



Kickbacks


回扣



(而不是:踢回)



?



Honey cooler


讨好女人的男子(而不是:甜饮料)



?



Dog- eared


书页的折角(而不是:狗耳朵)



?



Sea-elephant


海豹(而不是:海象


walrus)


?



Street walker


妓女(而不是:行人)



?



Hospital trust


银行



(而不是:



友好的信任)



?



Lover


情人(而不是:爱人)



?



Rest room


厕所(而不是:休息室)



?



Dollar sale


全部商品一美圆贱卖(而不是:美圆贱卖)



?



Green wash


塑造环保形象(而不是:刷绿色)



?



busboy


饭店里的洗碗檫桌子的杂工(而不是:公共汽车上的售票员



?



busybody


≠大忙人,它相当于汉语中的



爱管闲事的人





?



从跨文化角度提出了出口商标翻译 的三种方法,即直译法、音译法和音意合璧法




?



Who to whom?


?



Introduce the host to the visitor/ first(groups)


?



First introduce your side to the visiting side


?



Then the visiting side will make an introduction of themselves


?



Younger to the senior first


?



Low rank to high rank first


?



Lady first


?



If on



the same position, the senior aged first



?



下面介绍一下西方的名片一些小知 识,这个也许对我们将来会有帮助的。







P.P


:即介绍,意思是当你的合作伙伴刘总送给一张名片上左下角写着这个字样


的时候,你不用着急,这意思是让你去认识一个人。你要打电话到你要认识的那个

人那边去,说:



你好我是某某公司的谁谁,是刘总让我打电 话给你的。








P .F


:如果名字左下角写着这样的字样是表示当有什么节日或有什么事时,你的


朋友为了敬祝或答谢你,送你的礼物。他在礼物上留了一张名片,并在名片左下角


写上


P.F


。表示敬贺的意思。






P .R


:表达谨谢。这时当你收到地方的礼物时,想回敬时,也可以在礼物上放上


一个名片左下角写上


P.R


。当对方收到礼物时 ,看看名片就知道是你的回敬了。






N.B



意为请注意。当接到这样的名片时,意为请你注意的意思。




Individualism vs Collectivism


?



Individualism


stands for a preference for a loosely knit social framework in society in


which individuals are supposed to take care of themselves and their immediate families


only.


?



Collectivism



stands


for


a


preference


for


a


tightly


knit


social


framework


in


which


individuals


can


expect


their


relatives,


clan,


or


other-in-group



to


look


after


them


in


exchange for unquestioning loyalty.


Social Interaction


When


two


or


more


than


two


persons


are


doing


something


together


in


order


to


fulfill


an


aim,


a


social situation exists.


Elements


of a social situation



(at


least


two


participants;


an


aim;


a


setting;


schema


for


fulfilling


the


aim;


verbal


or


non-verbal


communication; time and space)


It is heard but it isn



t taken in the way it is uttered. In a social situation, all participating sides can


monitor the communication process. The utterance meaning/thespeaker



s meaning/thehearer



s m.


How to give gifts:












Wrapped in a paper, or in a box or container


With a card on top or inside


With a receipt in case it will be returned by receiver


Personal presenting or by delivery company


Money in an envelope



Social distance


is a term referring to the similarity or dissimilarity between the two cultures.


?



High context cultures


emphasize the context in which a communication takes place;


they pay a great deal of attention to implicit, nonverbal messages;


?



Low context cultures


place less emphasis on the context of communication (such as


implied meaning or nonverbal messages); they rely on explicit verbal messages.


?



?



Power Distance


is the extent to which the members of a society accept that power in


institutions and organizations is distributed unequally.



high-power-distance


(or large/strong):




People in high power distance societies accept a hierarchical order.



?



low-power- distance


(or small/less power distance):





People


in


low


power


distance


societies


strive


for


power


equalization


and


demand justification for power inequalities



Attitudes and behaviors


Large power distance


Small power distance


Hierarchy


Hierarchies reflect



the basic inequality of



people.



Hierarchies are only



convenient ways of



organizing activities.



Relationships


Power


Comfortable


with


hierarchical


Prefer equal relationships



relationships



Accept differences in power



Dislike and distrust authority



Use of power


Whoever holds power is right and


Whoever uses their power will be


good.



judged


as


to


whether


they


use


it


in the right way.



The


less


powerful


are


dependent


Interdependence


between


less


on the powerful.



and more powerful persons



Decision-making


tends


to


be


Decision-making


is


dispersed


centralized; the leader decides.


throughout


organization.


People


at all levels make decisions.



Leaders


direct


the


activities


of


Leaders


motivate


their


subordinates


by


giving


specific


subordinates


to


work


toward


instructions.


goals. They do not give as much


specific direction.



Only the leader initiates.



Everyone is expected to initiate.



From


the


top


of


organization


to


From the top down and from the


the bottom



lower levels to higher levels



High


status


privileges.



people


enjoy


People


disapprove


of


special


privileges and symbols of status.



Reform the organization.



Dependency



Decision making


Authority Leadership



Initiative



Communication flow


Status


How


to


change


the


Replace people at the top.


organization


Elements influencing refusals


?



Power distance (manager vs employee)


?



Uncertainty (leave room for further thinking)


?



Face problem (saving face)


?



Personal relationship (afraid of refusing or being refused, relationship break-up)


?



Special time and space situations



Language and culture. Close related, a reflection of. Language communication is affected by diff c


Gender communication


Sex --> physical /biological descriptive term Gender = sex + culture + role in society

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