TED英语演讲：给孩子监狱还是大学

2021年3月1日发(作者：原料)

TED

英语演讲：给孩子监狱还是大学

在美国，有两个机构指引着青少年 步入成年：大学和监狱。社会

学家

Alice

< br>花了

6

年时间与费城的问题邻居相处并且拿到了非裔和拉

丁裔青少年是如何步入监狱道路的第一手资料与大家分享。

让我 们随

着她的演讲共同探寻如何正确引导青少年成人和成才的方法，

现有阻

碍他们健康成长的社会及制度问题，

以及我们该如何为 青少年的成才

缔造良好环境，

伸出援手的方法。

下面是小编为大家收集关于

TED

英

< br>语演讲：给孩子监狱还是大学，欢迎借鉴参考。

演讲者：

Alice Goffman

中英文对照翻译

On

the

path

that

American

children

travel

to

adulthood,

two

institutions

oversee

the

journey.

The

first

is

the

one

we

hear

a lot about: college. Some of you may remember the excitement

that you felt when you first set off for college. Some of you

may

be

in

college

right

now

and

you're

feeling

this

excitement

at this very moment.

美国的孩子们长 大成人的道路上，

有两个机构在这段旅程上至关

重要。

第一个是大家经常听到的大学。

某些人可能还记得当你第一次

< p>
进入大学时的兴奋的感觉。

你们中的某些可能现在就在大学并且正在

享受那份兴奋。

College has some shortcomings. It's expensive; it leaves

1

young people in debt. But all in all, it's a pretty good path.

Young people emerge from college with pride and with great

friends

and

with

a

lot

of

knowledge

about

the

world.

And

perhaps

most

importantly,

a

better

chance

in

the

labor

market

than

they

had before they got there.

大学有很多弊端

学费昂贵，所以年轻人负债累累

但总 而言之，

这是一条康庄大道。年轻人从校园毕业，带着自豪与友情。和许多关

< p>
于这个世界的知识或许更重要的是上大学使得他们能有更好的就业

机会。< /p>

Today I want to talk about the second institution

overseeing the journey from childhood to adulthood in the

United

States.

And

that

institution

is

prison.

Young

people

on

this journey are meeting with probation officers instead of

with

teachers.

They're

going

to

court

dates

instead

of

to

class.

Their junior year abroad is instead a trip to a state

correctional

facility.

And

they're

emerging

from

their

20s

not

with

degrees

in

business

and

English,

but

with

criminal

records.

今天我想讨论的是第二个机构

在美国 ，贯穿了从童年到成年的

整个人生经历

那个机构便是监狱

在这段旅程上

,

相伴着年轻人的

是感化官而不是教师

去法庭受审而不是去教室上课

他们的大三留

学之旅是去州立管教所

当他们

20

多岁时

没有商科的或英语的学位

有的只是犯罪记录

2

This institution is also costing us a lot, about 40,000

dollars a year to send a young person to prison in New Jersey.

But here, taxpayers are footing the bill and what kids are

getting

is

a

cold

prison

cell

and

a

permanent

mark

against

them

when they come home and apply for work.

这个机构同样花费甚多

在新泽西，送一个年轻人到监狱的花费

一年要大约

4

万美元

但是这是纳税人买的单

而孩子们得到 的只是

一个冰冷的牢房单间

和一个永 久的印记，

阻碍着他们回归家庭

或者

寻找工作

There are more and more kids on this journey to adulthood

than

ever

before

in

the

United

States

and

that's

because

in

the

past

40

years,

our

incarceration

rate

has

grown

by

700

percent.

I have one slide for this talk. Here it is. Here's our

incarceration rate, about 716 people per 100,000 in the

population. Here's the OECD countries.

越来越多的孩子在这条路上长大成人

尤其在美国，这是因为在

过去的四十年里

我们服刑率已经增长了

700%

我制作了一张幻灯片

看这儿

这是我们的服刑率

每十万人就有

716

人服刑

这 是其他

OECD(

经合组织

)

成员国家的情况

What's more, it's poor kids that we're sending to prison,

too

many

drawn

from

African-American

and

Latino

communities

so

that prison now stands firmly between the young people trying

3

to make it and the fulfillment of the American Dream. The

problem's

actually

a

bit

worse

than

this

'cause

we're

not

just

sending poor kids to prison,

更为重要的是，

被送入监狱的孩子往往

家境贫寒

他们大多来自

非裔美国人和拉丁裔社区

以至于监狱成为了想要成功的年轻人

实

现美国梦的障碍

问题是事实更为糟糕

因为我们不只是把贫困的孩

子送入监狱

we're saddling poor kids with court fees, with probation

and

parole

restrictions,

with

low-level

warrants,

we're

asking

them to live in halfway houses and on house arrest, and we're

asking them to negotiate a police force that is entering poor

communities

of

color,

not

for

the

purposes

of

promoting

public

safety, but to make arrest counts, to line city coffers.

我们还给他们加上了许多沉重的枷锁，比如诉讼费的负担

比如

感化和假释的限制

比如轻微的犯罪通缉

我们让他们待在 过渡教习

所或者软禁在家

我们让他们和警察交涉

而当这些警察要进入有色

人种的社区

不是为了改善公共安全

而是为了政绩去保证逮捕数量

This

is

the

hidden

underside

to

our

historic

experiment

in

punishment:

young

people

worried

that

at

any

moment,

they

will

be stopped, searched and seized. Not just in the streets, but

in their homes, at school and at work.

这就是关于我们印象中的惩戒措施的

不为人知的一面

年轻人

4

总是担心随时会被截停、

搜身和逮捕

无论是在街上还是在家

在学校

还是在工作

I

got

interested

in

this

other

path

to

adulthood

when

I

was

myself a college student attending the University of

Pennsylvania in the early 20xxs. Penn sits within a historic

African-American neighborhood.

大 约

20xx

年年初的时候

当时我自己在宾夕法尼亚大学上学

我

对这种别样的人生成长轨迹

产生了兴趣

大学坐落在一个历史悠久

的非裔社区旁

So you've got these two parallel journeys going on

simultaneously: the kids attending this elite, private

university, and the kids from the adjacent neighborhood, some

of whom are making it to college, and many of whom are being

shipped to prison.

所以在这里你能同时看到两条平行的人生轨迹

一边是在这所精

英的私立大学上学的孩子

另外一边是在附近社区的孩子

他们中有

一些也在努力去读大学

但是他们中的大多数却身陷囹圄

In

my

sophomore

year,

I

started

tutoring

a

young

woman

who

was in high school who lived about 10 minutes away from the

university. Soon, her cousin came home from a juvenile

detention center.

在我大二的时候，我开始辅导一位高中的年轻姑娘

她住在离大

5

学

10

分钟路程的地方

不久，她的表弟

(

堂弟

)

从少年拘留所回到家

He

was

15,

a

freshman

in

high

school.

I

began

to

get

to

know

him

and

his

friends

and

family,

and

I

asked

him

what

he

thought

about

me

writing

about

his

life

for

my

senior

thesis

in

college.

This senior thesis became a dissertation at Princeton and now

a book.

他当时

15

岁，

上高中一年级

我开始了解他以及他的朋友们和家

庭

我问他能否在我的毕业论文中

讲述他的生活

这篇论文也成为了

我在普林斯顿的博士论文

现在则集结成书

By the end of my sophomore year, I moved into the

neighborhood

and

I

spent

the

next

six

years

trying

to

understand

what young people were facing as they came of age. The first

week

I

spent

in

this

neighborhood,

I

saw

two

boys,

five

and

seven

years

old,

play

this

game

of

chase,

where

the

older

boy

ran

after

the other boy.

在我大学二年级结束的时候

我搬进了 这个社区，而且花了

6

年

时间。去尝试 理解年轻人在成长中要面对的是什么

在这个社区中生

活的第一周

我看到了两个男孩，

一个

5

岁一个

7

岁

在玩一个追逐游

戏

大一点的男孩在追另外一个。

He played the cop. When the cop caught up to the younger

boy, he pushed him down, handcuffed him with imaginary

handcuffs, took a quarter out of the other child's pocket,

6

saying,

carrying any drugs or if he had a warrant. Many times, I saw

this game repeated,

他演“警察”

当“警察”抓到了小一点的男孩

他把小男孩按到

身下

假装用手铐把他铐起来

然后从小男孩 的口袋里掏出一个

25

分

硬币

说到：

“这个归我了”

他问他是否带了毒品

是否在被通缉

我

经常看到孩子们玩儿这个游戏

sometimes

children

would

simply

give

up

running,

and

stick

their bodies flat against the ground with their hands above

their

heads,

or

flat

up

against a

wall. Children

would yell

at

each other,

up and you're never coming home!

child pull another child's pants down and try to do a cavity

search.

有时候，

孩子们只是简单的放弃逃跑

平躺在地上

双手高举过头

顶，或是将双手靠在墙上

孩子们彼此大叫

“我要把你锁起来，

我

要把你锁起来让你再也回不了家

!

“

有一次我看到一个

6

岁小孩 把

另外一个小孩的裤子扒掉

然后去试着去做肛门搜查

In the first 18 months that I lived in this neighborhood,

I wrote down every time I saw any contact between police and

people that were my neighbors. So in the first 18 months, I

watched the police stop pedestrians or people in cars, search

7

people, run people's names, chase people through the streets,

pull

people

in

for

questioning,

or

make

an

arrest

every

single

day, with five exceptions.

在住在 这个社区的最初的

18

个月

我记下了所有我看到的

我的

邻居与警察的接触

所以在这最初的

18

个月

我看到了警察截停行人

或者在车里的人

搜查他们，询问他们的姓名

在街上追逐他们

抓他

们去问话

每天都要抓一个人，只有

5

天例外

Fifty-two times, I watched the police break down doors,

chase people through houses or make an arrest of someone in

their home. Fourteen times in this first year and a half, I

watched the police punch, choke, kick, stomp on or beat young

men after they had caught them.

我看到警察破门而入多达

52

次

穿过很多屋子去追捕

或者在某

人家中将其逮捕

我看到警察在逮捕这些年轻人之后

又用极端暴力

对待他们

在这一年半时间中我一共看到

14

次

Bit

by

bit,

I

got

to

know

two

brothers,

Chuck

and

Tim.

Chuck

was 18 when we met, a senior in high school. He was playing on

the

basketball

team

and

making

C's

and

B's.

His

younger

brother,

Tim,

was

10.

And

Tim

loved

Chuck;

he

followed

him

around

a

lot,

looked to Chuck to be a mentor.

逐渐的，我和两兄弟熟悉起来

查克和提姆

我们相识时查克

18

岁，是一个高四学生

他在一个篮球队打球，大部分成绩是

C

和

< br>B

他

8

< br>的小弟弟，提姆，

当时

10

岁< /p>

提姆很喜欢查克，经常跟着他屁股后面

转

把查克当成他的导师

They lived with their mom and grandfather in a two-story

row home with a front lawn and a back porch. Their mom was

struggling with addiction all while the boys were growing up.

She never really was able to hold down a job for very long. It

was

their

grandfather's

pension

that

supported

the

family,

not

really enough to pay for food and clothes and school supplies

for growing boys. The family was really struggling.

他们和母亲与爷爷

(

姥爷

)

住在一起

< p>

他们住在一个两层楼的联排

房屋里，前面有草坪 ，后面有走廊

他们成长过程中，他们的母亲一

直都为毒瘾所扰

她从来没能有个长期的稳定工作

是他 们祖父

(

外祖

父

)

的退休金在支撑这个家

其实这不足以支付孩子们的食品和衣服

还有学习开销

真的是在贫困线上挣扎

So when we met, Chuck was a senior in high school. He had

just turned 18. That winter, a kid in the schoolyard called

Chuck's

mom

a

crack

whore.

Chuck

pushed

the

kid's

face

into

the

snow and the school cops charged him with aggravated assault.

The other kid was fine the next day, I think it was his pride

that was injured more than anything.

当我们认识的时候，查克正在上高中最后一年

他刚刚满

18

岁

那个冬天，一个操场上的孩子

叫查克的妈妈”嗑药的婊子“

查克把

9