-
技法一
依据“行文逻辑”线索
文章由段落组
成，层次分明，错落有致，围绕中心话题展开。各段、句之间
形成一定的语义逻辑关系，
有总分、解释、例证、并列、层递、转折、对比、因
果关系等。
1
．
总分关系
[
典例
]
(2016·
全国卷Ⅰ
)There
are
three
main
types
of
cryptography.
37
For
example
，
the
first
letters
of
“
My
elephant
eats
too
many
eels
”
spell
out
the
hidden message
“
Meet
me.
”
E
．
You can hide a
message by having the first letters of each word
spell it out.
[
思路分析
]
空格前面的句子说总共有三种密码，是一个概括性句子，总述
了
全段的主要内容。
空格内应是介绍第一种密码，
是分述。
由该空后的例句可知，
此空选
E
“
你可以拼写每个单词的第一个字母来隐藏信息
”
。
2
．
解释关系
[
典例
]
(2016·
四川高考
)One
important biological factor that helps women live
longer is the difference in hormones
between men and women.
37
Between
the ages of about 12 and
50
，
women produce hormones
that are involved in fertility
(
生育能力
)
．
These
hormones also have a positive effect on the heart
and the blood
fact
，
women are less likely
to have high blood pressure or to die from heart
attacks.
B
．
The biological
factor plays an important part.
G
．
Hormones are
chemicals which are produced by the body to
control various
body functions.
[
思路分析
]
空格前面的句子首次提到了荷尔蒙，由此可推测该空应该是对
h
ormones
进行解释，
G
项
“
荷尔蒙是身体产生的控制人体功能的化学物质
”
符
合题意，故选
G
项。
[
易错提醒
]
有些考生会根据前一句中的
biological facto
r
误选
B
项，
读完空
格后的句子就可以知道此处介绍荷尔蒙，因此我们不能想当然地进行选择。
3
．
例证关系
[
典例
]
(2017·
北京高考
)Now we
have the most direct
evidence
yet
that
he is
right.
74
The synapses in the mice
taken at the end of a period of sleep were
1
18
per
cent
smaller
than
those
taken
before
sleep
，
showing
that
the
connections
between neurons
weaken while sleeping.
G
．
Tononi
'
s team
measured the size of these
connections
，
or
synapses
，
in the
brains of 12 mice.
[
思路分析
]
该段首句提出论点
“
现在我们有最直接
的证据证明他的假设是
对的
”
，
那么接下来就应该给出具体的论据或实例来证明上述论点。
此外，
该空
后面一句话解释了实验的结果和意义。综合看来，只有
G
项符合语境。
4
．
并列关系
[
典例
]
(2016·
全国卷Ⅱ
)Some
people may think that a garden is no more than
plants
，
flowers
，
patterns
and
masses
of
are
concerned
about
using
gardening
methods
that
require
less
water
and
fewer
fertilizers
(
肥
料
)
．
18
.However
，
there
are a number of other reasons that might explain
why you want to of them comes from our
earliest years.
E
．
Still others
may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to
plants
[
思路分析
]
由本段中的第一句
Some
...
，第二句的
Others ...
，可锁定
E
项
中的
< br>Still others ...
，它们之间为并列关系，故选
E
项。
5
．
层递关系
[
典例
]
(2017·
北京高考
)Every
animal
sleeps
，
but
the
reason
for
this
has
remained
lab
rats
are
not
allowed
to
sleep
，
they
die
within
a
month.
71
C
．
Similarly
，
when
people go for a few days without
sleeping
，
they get sick.
[
思路分析
]
首句指出每种动物都要睡觉，但原因仍然是个谜。实验室的老
鼠
被剥夺了睡眠，一个月内就会死亡，
C
项
“
同样，如果人类连续几天不睡觉，
就会生病
”
与前句是层递关系，故选
C
项。
6
．
转折关系
[
典例
]
(2016·
四川高考
)Both
men and women are living longer these days in
industrialized countries.
36
In
general
，
they can expect to
live six or seven
years more than
reason for this is biological.
A
．
However
，
wome
n
，
on
average
，
live longer.
[
思路分析
]
空格前说
“
工业化国家中的男人和女人
寿命更长
”
，而空格后
说
“
大致来说，她们比男人能多活六、七年
”
，根据逻辑推断，空格处应该选
A
2
项
“
然而，平均来说女人寿命更长
”
与前文形成转折关系。
7
．
对比关系
[
典例
]
(2016·
全国卷Ⅱ
)Our
model of what a garden should be often goes back
to a
'
s rose
garden and Dad
'
s vegetable
garden might
be good or
bad
，
but
that
'
s
not
what
'
s
important.
19
—
how
being
in
those
gardens
made us you
'
d
like to build a powerful bond with your
garden
，
start by taking
some
time
to
recall
the
gardens
of
your
each
of
those
gardens
，
write
down the strongest memory you go
outside and work out a plan to translate
your childhood memories into your
grown-up fun.
C
．
It
'
s our experience of the
garden that matters
[
思路分析
]
空格前说
“
但那一点不重要
”
，空格处应与之相对，指出什么
才是重要的，故
选
C
项
“
我们
做园艺工作的体验才是重要的
”
。
8
．
因果关系
[
典例
]
(2017·
北京高考
)One
idea
is
that
sleep
helps
us
strengthen
new
memories.
72
We know
that
，
while
awake
，
fresh memories are
recorded by
reinforcing(
加强
)connections between brain
cells
，
but the memory
processes that take
place while we
sleep have been unclear.
E
．<
/p>
That
'
s
why
students
do
better
in
tests
if
they
get
a
chance
to
sleep
after
learning.
[
思路分析
]
该段首句说睡眠能帮助人们增强记忆。而
E
项则给出了结果，
学习后如有机会睡眠，那么学生在考试中就会表现更好，故选
E
项。
技法二
依据“词汇”线索
1
．
连接性词语
连接性的词语可表明段落间、句际间的语义逻辑关系。
①
承接关系：
so
，
therefore
，
thus
，
consequently
等；
②
并列关系：
firs
t
，
second
；
< br>firstly
，
secondly
；
first
，
next
，
then
；
in
the first place
，
in the
second place
；
for one
thing
，
for
another
等；
③
转折关系：
however
，
though
，
yet
，
in spite of
，
in any cas
e
，
whoever
，
whatever
，
on the contrary
，
otherwise
等；
④
对比关系：
in
contrast
，
in
comparison
，
on the other
hand
等；
⑤
层递关系：
also
，
furth
ermore
，
similarly
，
in addition
，
what<
/p>
'
s
more
等。
[
典例
]
<
/p>
(2016·
北京高考
)Sometim
es we decide that a little unnecessary danger
is
worth
it
because
when
we
weigh
the
risk
and
the
reward
，
the
risk
seems
worth
3