博士英语考试要点总结完美版整合

状

细

胞

性

贫

血

15.

c

hemophilia

血友病

16. c

leukemia

白血病

THE

RESPIRATORY

SYSTEM

(Exercise

V):

1.

b

dyspnea

呼吸困难

2. c

Cheyne- Stokes

潮式呼吸

3. b

pertussis

百日咳

4. d

hyaline membrane disease

新生儿呼吸窘迫综合

6

/

29

症

5.

a

atelectasis

肺不张

6.

c

tuberbulosis

肺结核

7.

a

silicosis

矽肺

8.

c

emphysema

肺气肿

9.

b

pleurisy

胸膜炎

10. a

aspiration

抽胸水

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (Exercise VI) 1. b

cold sore

单

性

疱

疹

2.

d

leukoplakia

粘

膜

白

斑

3.

c

intussusception

肠套叠

4. b

diverticula

憩室

5. a

melena

黑便

6.

b

serum

hepatitis

乙肝

7.

a

cirrhosis

肝硬化

8.

c

neoplasm

肝囊肿

9. b

ascites

腹水

< /p>

三．选择（注：此处为避免混淆，只记录正确答案，剩

余选项忽略 不计）

神经系统

1.

The

afferent

processes

of

nerve

cells

are

the:

dendrites

树突

[?dendrait]

2.

Those

processes

that

conduct

impulses

away

from

neurons are the: axons

轴突

[??ks?n]

3.

The

transmission

of

impulses

by

many

neurons

to

a

single neuron is known as: convergence

会聚

4. Which of the

following

supportive

nerve

cells

act

as

phagocytes:

microglia

小胶质细胞

phagocyte

[?f?

ɡ?usait]

吞噬细胞

5.

Which

of

the

following

is

not

considered

part

of

the

7

/

29

central

nervous

system?

nerves

originating

from

the

brain

and

the

spinal

cord

脑和脊髓发出的神经

6.

The

inability

to

perform certain body movements is known as: apraxia

失用症

Apraxia [??pr?ksi?]

失用

;

精神性运动不能

7.

The

medical

word

for

stroke

is:

apoplexy

脑卒中

[??p?pleksi] -plexy

发作

,

中

8.

A

blood

clot

that

leaves

its

original

site

and

blocks

an

artery is called: embolism

栓塞

9. An abnormal deep sleep is called: coma

昏迷

[?k?um?]

10. The more serious form of epileptic seizure is referred to

as: grand mal

癫痫大发作

epileptic seizure [.epi’leptik]

[‘si:??] n.

癫痫发作

11.

The

medical

word

for

an

excessive

amount

of

cerebrospinal

fluid

in

the

ventricles

of

the

brain

is:

hydrocephalus

脑积水

Cerebrospinal

[.seribr?u’

spain?l] adj

脑脊髓的的

12. A sympathectomy is performed to relive: hypertension

高血压

sympathectomy

[?simp??θekt?mi]

交感神经阻断术

13.

A

general

feeling

of

muscular

weakness

and

fatigue

resulting

from a lack of acetylcholine:

myasthenia

gravis

重

症

< br>肌

无

力

myasthenia

8

/

29

[mai?s?θi?ni?]

肌无力

gravis

< br>重的

,

剧烈的

acetylch oline

[??si?t?l?k?ulin]

乙酰胆碱

14. A condition in which the myelin coverings of the brain

and

spinal

cord

are

destroyed

and

the

gray

and

white

matters

become hard: multiple sclerosis

多发性硬化

spinal cord

n.

脊髓

15.

A

viral

infection

characterized

by

blisterlike

sores

on

the skin: shingles [??i?g?l]

带状疱疹

Blisterlike

像水泡样

16.

A

congenital

defect

characterized

by

a

protruding

sac

containing

cerebrospinal

fluid:

spina

bifida

脊柱裂

congenital

defect

先天性缺陷

protrude

[pr??tru:d]

vi.

突出

sac

[s?k]

囊

cerebrospinal fluid

脑脊液

17.

A

blood

clot

originating

in

one

of

the

membranes

covering

the

brain:

subdural

hematoma

硬膜下血肿

subdural

n.

硬膜下的

hematoma

[?hi?m??t?um?]

血肿

18. The medical word indicating the obstruction of a blood

vessel: ischemia

缺血

19. Malignant tumors originating from the supportive nerve

cells:

gliomas

神经胶质瘤

[

ɡlai??um?]

malignant

tumors

恶

性肿瘤

20.

The

medical

word

indicating

the

spread

of

malignant

9

/

29

tumors to other areas of the body: metastasis

转移

[m??t?st?sis]

心血管系统

1. The obstruction of electrical impulses

moving from the

atria to the ventricles is called: heart block

心传导阻滞

atria

房

,

前房

ventricle

[?ventrikl]

脑室

;

室

2. Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart is known

as: pericarditis

心包炎

[?perik

ɑ??daitis]

3.

A

type

of

arrhythmia:

A

V

block,

房

室

< br>传

导

阻

滞

tachycardia

心动过速

tachy-

速

,

快速

4.

Necrosis

of

an

area

of

heart

tissue

due

to

insufficient

blood

supply:

myocardial

infraction

心

肌

梗

死

necrosis

[ne?kr?usis]

坏

死

myocardial

[?mai?u?k

ɑ?di

?l]

心肌的

myo-

肌

5. The medical term for high blood pressure: hypertension

高血压

6.

The

ballooning

of

a

blood

vessel:

aneurysm

动脉瘤

aneurysm

[??nj?r?z(?)m]

动脉瘤

7. Abnormal heart sound resulting from incompetent heart

valves: murmur

心脏杂音

heart valve

心脏瓣膜

8. Abnormal condition in which fatty plaques adhere to the

walls

of

a

blood

vessel:

atherosclerosis

动

脉

粥

样

硬

化

10

/

29

fatty plaque

脂肪斑块

11.

The

type

of

anemia

brought

on

by

absence

of

an

intrinsic

factor

necessary

for

the

absorption

of

vitamin

B12:

pernicious

anemia

恶

性

贫

血

pernicious

[p???ni??s]

恶性的

12.

A

viral

infection

characterized

by

enlarged

lymph

glands, sore throat, fever, and fatigue: infectious mononucleosis

传染性单核细胞增多症

enlarged

lymph

gland

淋

巴

结

肿

大

mononucleosis

[?m?n?unju?kli??usis ]

单核白细胞增多症

13. Abnormal enlarging and twisting of leg veins: varicose

veins

静脉曲张

varicose

[?v?rik?us]

曲张的

14. A type of anemia in which the erythrocytes change their

shape

at

low

oxygen

levels:

sickle

cell

anemia

镰形红细胞贫

血

erythrocyte

[i?riθr?usait]

红细 胞

;

红血细胞

15.

Hereditary

bleeding

disease

affecting

only

male

offspring: hemophilia

血友病

hereditary

[hi?redit?ri] a.

遗传的，遗传性的；

offspring

[??f?spri?] n.

子女，子孙，后代

16.

A

form

of

cancer

in

which

there

is

an

uncontrolled

increase of white blood cells: leukemia

白血病

呼吸系统

11

/

29

1.

Labored

breathing:

dyspnea

呼

吸

困

难

-pnea

呼吸

apnea

呼吸暂停

2.

Hyperpnea

followed

by

apnea: Cheyne-Stokes