-
博士英语考试要点总结
(
完美版
)
整合
博士英语复习资料
分数组成:卷面
80
分
+
出勤
10
分
+
口试
10
分
卷面:一
.
听力选择(放
2
遍)
:
1
分
*10=10
分
二
. <
/p>
给出后缀,要求写出它的意思,并以此后缀造词并
写出中文意思:
分
*10=5
分
三、单复数的变化
四
.
选择
正确的解释并将所选选项翻译成中文(神经系
统、消化系统、心血管系统、呼吸系统、药
理)<
/p>
:本题出自各章课后习题
Multiple choice
部分:
1
分
*10=
10
分
五
. 2
段英翻中(医学科普)
:
5
分
*2=10<
/p>
分
2
段中翻英(一般为中医)
:内容包括证、病
机、症状、
治则的翻译
,
书中以肺为例
,考试中可
以变为脾等脏。详见《博士生医学英语教材》中的
IX
、<
/p>
X
、
XI
:
p>
10
分
*2=20
分
六
.
给一段中文科普文章,
翻译成
80
字左右的英文摘要
< br>
七
.
作文:
Economic Growth and
Environment(80
字
)
A4
纸手写、不能从网上下,夹在卷子里:
10
分
一.复数形式(教科书
P42~43
)
Ampulla
—
Ampullae
尾突(另有一意思为壶腹)
Corona
—
Coronae
冠状
Vertebra
—
Vertebrae
脊椎
Bronchus
—
Bronchi
支气管
Capillus
—
Capili
毛发
Fungus
—
Fungi
真菌
Omphalos
—
Omphali
脐
Genus
—
Genera
属
Stercus
—
Stercora
粪
Gonad
—
Gonades
性腺
Testis
—
Testes
睾丸
<
/p>
Diagnosis
—
Diagnose
s
诊断
Psychosis
—
Psychos
es
精神病
Epididymis
—
Epididymides
附睾
Thorax
—
Thoraces
胸部
<
/p>
Appendix
—
Appendice
s
阑尾
Pollex
—
Pollices
拇指
Meninx
—
Meninges
脑脊膜
Caries
—
Caries
龋齿
Derma
—
Dermata
真皮,皮肤
Sarcoma
—
Sarcomata
肉瘤
Stoma
—
Stomata
口
p>
Flagellum
—
Flagella
鞭毛
Labium
—
Labia
唇
p>
Protozoon
—
Protozoa
原生动物
p>
格
(
p17~p20
)
及课后练习题
I
的所有单词。
p>
笔者按后缀
相关性顺序排列单词,旨在提供一种相对好记的方法,可
结
合书内表格记忆。
形容词性后缀:
心脏的(
-ac
:
pertaining
to
)
支气管的
先天的
髂的
舌下的
扁桃体的
目的
HEPA
肝的
传染的
食道的
喉的
睫状的
粘液
的
纤维性的
(-ous:
containing)
分泌脂质的
(-ous:
secreting)
囊样的(
-oid:
resembling
)
腺样的
名词性后缀:
肉瘤
(-oma: tumor)
脑
瘤
HEPA
肝
炎
(-itis:
inflammation)
胃炎
心包炎
喉炎
切牙<
/p>
(
-or
:
re
fers to a doer, person or
thing
)
ASPIRA
抽吸
(<
/p>
-or
:
that
which
)
心
p>
包
(
-ium
:<
/p>
a
part
related
to
a
whole
)
上
腹
部
贫血
(
-ia:
condition
)
恐惧症
营养
不良
脾肿大
栓塞(
-ism: condition, usually
the
result
of
a
prior
condition
)
脓毒病
(
-sis
:
condition)
硬
化
(-osis:
abnormal
condition)
皮肤病
动脉硬化(
-sclerosis:
a
hardening
)
骨软化
(
-malacia
:
softening
)
动脉狭窄(
-stenosis:
a narrowing
)
杀菌剂(
-e
:
that
which
)
解毒剂
验眼镜
(-e:
instrument)
验眼镜
(-scope:
instrument
for
viewing)
膀胱镜
(-scopy:
examination)
p>
温度计(
-meter
:
< br>
instruments
for
measuring
)
骨
盆测量(
-metry
:
measurement
)
关节刀
(-tome:
instrument for cutting)
关节痛
(
-algia:
pain
)
心
痛
泄泻<
/p>
(
-rrhea
:
flow
,
discharge
)
胃出血
(
-rrhagia
:
excessive
flow
)
足医学
(-iatry
:
branch
of
medicine)
老年学
眼病(
-pathy:
disease
)
药理学(
-logy:
process
of
studying
)
泌尿科医生(
-logist:
one
who
specializes in
)
牙医
(同上)
儿
科医生
肝破裂(
-rrhrxis:
rupture
)
疝缝合术
(-rrhaphy:
suturing)
肝固定术
(-pexy:
fixing
by
suturing)
骨成
形术(
-plasty:
surgical repair
)
颅骨切开术(
-tomy
:
incision
)
阑尾切除术
(
-ectomy
:
cutting
off
)
扁桃体切除术
胃造口
术
(
-stomy
:
making an opening into or a connection
between
)
吻合术
(
同上
)
白细胞(
-cyte:
cell
)
细胞缺乏症
(
-penia
:
deficiency
)
原
始
p>
血
细
胞
(
-blast
:
a
cell
that
is
primitive
)
溶血(
-lysis:
dissolution
)
支气管灌洗术(
< br>-clysis
:
washing
)
制菌
(-stasis: halting)
肾下垂
(
-ptosis: a
falling
)
肾
盂扩张(
-ectasia:
dilatation
)
-plegia
:
stroke
)
心电图描
记
(-graphy
:
process
of
recording)
甲状腺肿
(-cele:
hernia)
羊膜穿刺术
(-centesis
:
< br>surgical puncture to withdraw fluid)
关于各大系统相关单词总结:本部
分需结合书中题目记
忆,笔者这里只做正确选项的标注翻译
The Nervous
System
(
Exercise III
、
VII
)
:
dendrites
树突
axon
轴突
convergence
收敛性
microglia
小胶质细胞
Exercise
VII
:
1.
c
apraxia
失
用
2.
d
apoplexy
中
风
3.
b
embolism
栓塞
4. a
coma
昏迷
5.
b
grand
mal
癫痫大发作
6.
c
hydrocephalus
脑积水
7. d
hypertension
高血压
8.
b
myasthenia
gravis
重症肌无力
9.
c
multiple
sclerosis
多发性硬化
10.
b
shingles
带状疱疹
11.
a
spina bifida
脊柱裂
12.
b
subdural
hematoma
硬
膜
下
血
肿
13.
c
ischemia
缺血
14.
a
gliomas
神经胶质瘤
15.
c
metastasis
转
移
CARDIOV
ASCULAR
SYSTEM(Exercise
VI):9
、
10
划
< br>掉
1. a
heart block
心脏传导阻滞
2. c
pericarditis
心包
炎
3.
d
tachycardia
心动过速
4. b
myocardial infarction
心梗
5. d
hypertension
高
血压
6.
b
aneurysm
动脉瘤
7.
b
murmur
杂音
8.
b
atherosclerosis
动脉粥样硬化
9.
10.
11.
a
pernicious
anemia
恶性贫血
12.
a
infectious
mononucleosis
传单
13. c
varicose
veins
静脉曲张
14.
b
sickle
cell
anemia
镰
状
细
胞
性
贫
血
15.
c
hemophilia
血友病
16. c
leukemia
白血病
THE
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
(Exercise
V):
1.
b
dyspnea
呼吸困难
2. c
Cheyne-
Stokes
潮式呼吸
3. b
pertussis
百日咳
4. d
hyaline
membrane disease
新生儿呼吸窘迫综合
症
5.
a
atelectasis
肺不张
6.
c
tuberbulosis
肺结核
7.
a
silicosis
矽肺
8.
c
emphysema
肺气肿
9.
b
pleurisy
胸膜炎
10. a
aspiration
抽胸水
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (Exercise VI) 1. b
cold sore
单
纯
性
疱
疹
2.
d
leukoplakia
粘
膜
白
斑
3.
c
intussusception
肠套叠
4. b
diverticula
憩室
5. a
melena
黑便
6.
b
serum
hepatitis
乙肝
7.
a
cirrhosis
肝硬化
8.
c
neoplasm
肝囊肿
9. b
ascites
腹水
<
/p>
三.选择(注:此处为避免混淆,只记录正确答案,剩
余选项忽略
不计)
神经系统
1.
The
afferent
processes
of
nerve
cells
are
the:
dendrites
树突
[?dendrait]
2.
Those
processes
that
conduct
impulses
away
from
neurons
are the: axons
轴突
[??ks?n]
3.
The
transmission
of
impulses
by
many
neurons
to
a
single neuron is known as: convergence
会聚
4. Which of
the
following
supportive
nerve
cells
act
as
phagocytes:
microglia
小胶质细胞
phagocyte
[?f?
ɡ?usait]
吞噬细胞
5.
Which
of
the
following
is
not
considered
part
of
the
central
nervous
system?
nerves
originating
from
the
brain
and
the
spinal
cord
脑和脊髓发出的神经
6.
The
inability
to
perform certain body movements is known
as: apraxia
失用症
Apraxia [??pr?ksi?]
失用
;
精神性运动不能
7.
The
medical
word
for
stroke
is:
apoplexy
脑卒中
[??p?pleksi] -plexy
发作
,
中
8.
A
blood
clot
that
leaves
its
original
site
and
blocks
an
artery
is called: embolism
栓塞
9. An abnormal
deep sleep is called: coma
昏迷
[?k?um?]
10. The more
serious form of epileptic seizure is referred to
as: grand mal
癫痫大发作
epileptic seizure
[.epi’leptik]
[‘si:??]
n.
癫痫发作
11.
The
medical
word
for
an
excessive
amount
of
cerebrospinal
fluid
in
the
ventricles
of
the
brain
is:
hydrocephalus
脑积水
Cerebrospinal
[.seribr?u’
spain?l] adj
脑脊髓的的
12. A sympathectomy is
performed to relive: hypertension
高血压
sympathectomy
[?simp??θekt?mi]
交感神经阻断术
13.
A
general
feeling
of
muscular
weakness
and
fatigue
resulting
from a lack of acetylcholine:
myasthenia
gravis
重
症
< br>肌
无
力
myasthenia
[mai?s?θi?ni?]
肌无力
gravis
< br>重的
,
剧烈的
acetylch
oline
[??si?t?l?k?ulin]
乙酰胆碱
14. A condition in which the myelin
coverings of the brain
and
spinal
cord
are
destroyed
and
the
gray
and
white
matters
become hard:
multiple sclerosis
多发性硬化
spinal cord
n.
脊髓
15.
A
viral
infection
characterized
by
blisterlike
sores
on
the skin: shingles
[??i?g?l]
带状疱疹
Blisterlike
像水泡样
16.
A
congenital
defect
characterized
by
a
protruding
sac
containing
cerebrospinal
fluid:
spina
bifida
脊柱裂
congenital
defect
先天性缺陷
protrude
[pr??tru:d]
vi.
突出
sac
[s?k]
囊
cerebrospinal
fluid
脑脊液
17.
A
blood
clot
originating
in
one
of
the
membranes
covering
the
brain:
subdural
hematoma
硬膜下血肿
subdural
n.
硬膜下的
hematoma
[?hi?m??t?um?]
血肿
18. The medical
word indicating the obstruction of a blood
vessel: ischemia
缺血
19. Malignant tumors originating from
the supportive nerve
cells:
gliomas
神经胶质瘤
[
ɡlai??um?]
malignant
tumors
恶
性肿瘤
20.
The
medical
word
indicating
the
spread
of
malignant
tumors to other
areas of the body: metastasis
转移
[m??t?st?sis]
心血管系统
1. The obstruction of
electrical impulses
moving from the
atria to the ventricles is called:
heart block
心传导阻滞
atria
房
,
前房
ventricle
[?ventrikl]
脑室
;
室
2. Inflammation of the sac surrounding
the heart is known
as: pericarditis
心包炎
[?perik
ɑ??daitis]
3.
A
type
of
arrhythmia:
A
V
block,
房
室
< br>传
导
阻
滞
tachycardia
心动过速
tachy-
速
,
快速
4.
Necrosis
of
an
area
of
heart
tissue
due
to
insufficient
blood
supply:
myocardial
infraction
心
肌
梗
死
necrosis
[ne?kr?usis]
坏
死
myocardial
[?mai?u?k
ɑ?di
?l]
心肌的
myo-
肌
5. The medical term for
high blood pressure: hypertension
高血压
6.
The
ballooning
of
a
blood
vessel:
aneurysm
动脉瘤
aneurysm
[??nj?r?z(?)m]
动脉瘤
7. Abnormal heart sound resulting from
incompetent heart
valves: murmur
心脏杂音
heart valve
心脏瓣膜
8. Abnormal condition in which fatty
plaques adhere to the
walls
of
a
blood
vessel:
atherosclerosis
动
脉
粥
样
硬
化
fatty plaque
脂肪斑块
11.
The
type
of
anemia
brought
on
by
absence
of
an
intrinsic
factor
necessary
for
the
absorption
of
vitamin
B12:
pernicious
anemia
恶
性
贫
血
pernicious
[p???ni??s]
恶性的
12.
A
viral
infection
characterized
by
enlarged
lymph
glands, sore throat, fever, and
fatigue: infectious mononucleosis
传染性单核细胞增多症
enlarged
lymph
gland
淋
巴
结
肿
大
mononucleosis
[?m?n?unju?kli??usis
]
单核白细胞增多症
13. Abnormal enlarging and
twisting of leg veins: varicose
veins
静脉曲张
varicose
[?v?rik?us]
曲张的
14. A type of
anemia in which the erythrocytes change their
shape
at
low
oxygen
levels:
sickle
cell
anemia
镰形红细胞贫
血
erythrocyte
[i?riθr?usait]
红细
胞
;
红血细胞
15.
Hereditary
bleeding
disease
affecting
only
male
offspring: hemophilia
血友病
hereditary
[hi?redit?ri]
a.
遗传的,遗传性的;
offspring
[??f?spri?]
n.
子女,子孙,后代
16.
A
form
of
cancer
in
which
there
is
an
uncontrolled
increase of
white blood cells: leukemia
白血病
呼吸系统
1.
Labored
breathing:
dyspnea
呼
吸
困
难
-pnea
呼吸
apnea
呼吸暂停
2.
Hyperpnea
followed
by
apnea: Cheyne-Stokes
陈
-
施呼吸(潮式呼吸)
3. An
infectious disease that produces a proximal
whooping
type of coughs: pertussis
pertussis
[p?’t?sis]
百日咳
proximal
接近的
,
邻
近的
4. A respiratory disease affecting the
newborn in which the
alveoli are
covered with a thick
membrane: hyaline
membrane
disease
肺透明膜病(新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征)
hyaline
透明的
,
玻
璃样的
5.
Collapse
of
lungs:
atelectasis
肺
不
张
atel-
发育不全
-ectasis
扩张
,
膨胀
6. An
infectious disease of the lungs in which the
bacteria
become encapsulated:
tuberculosis
结核
TB
[tju:.b?:kju’l?usis]
7.
An
example
of
a
pneumoconiosis:
silicosis
矽
肺
pneumo-
肺回戏
,
空
气
coni
(
单
conus)
圆锥
,
锥体
-osis
病
8.
A
condition
in
which
lung
tissues
swell
and
lose
their
elasticity:
emphysema
[.emfi’si:m?]
肺气肿
elasticity
弹
性
emphy
肺气肿
9.
Inflammation
of
the
serous
membrane
covering the lungs
and thoracic cavity: pleurisy
胸膜炎
serous
[?si?r?s]
血清的
thoracic cavity
胸腔
9. Process of removing
fluid from pleural cavity: aspiration
抽吸
pleural cavity
胸膜腔
[‘pl
ur?]
消化系统
1. A virus, herpes simplex, causes a
blister to erupt on the
mucous membrane
lining of the mouth: cold sore
唇疱疹
blister
n.
水疱
,
mucous membrane
n.
粘膜
2. Inflamed patches of
mucous membrane that can become
malignant: leukoplakia [lu:k?
’pleiki?]
粘膜白斑
3. The invagination of one
portion of intestine into another:
intussusceptions
[.int?ss?’sep??n]
肠套叠
invagination
内陷
intestine
n.
肠
intestinal
肠的
,
在肠
内的
4. Pouches that form on the intestinal
wall:
diverticula
肠憩
室
pouch
n.
小袋
5. Bloody stools: melena
[m?’li:n?]
黑便
6.
A
form
of
liver
disease
caused
by
a
blood
transfusion
with
contaminated
blood:
serum
hepatitis
血
清
性
肝
炎
serum
血清
7.
Scarred
condition
of
the
liver
that
results
in
impeded
circulation
of
blood:
cirrhosis
[si’r?usis]
肝硬化
impede
vt.
阻碍,妨碍,阻止
8. The
development of new but abnormal tissue: neoplasm
肿瘤
[‘ni:?upl?z?m]
plasm
浆
,
原生质
,
形成物质
9. The buildup of excessive fluid in
the peritoneal cavity:
ascites
腹水
[?’saitiz]
peritoneal
[,perit?’ni:?l] n.
腹膜的
peritoneal cavity
腹膜
腔
buildup
积累
,
聚集
,
增长
,
增加
药理:
Antitussives are drugs that
suppress coughing.[.?nti’t?siv] n.
止
咳
药
, <
/p>
镇
咳
药
adj.
镇
咳
的
tussive
adj.
咳
嗽
的
Antispasmodic
drugs
are
used
to
relieve
bronchial
spasms.
[?ntisp?
z’mɑdik]
解痉药
spasm
n.
痉挛;突发一阵
spasmodic
痉挛
(
性<
/p>
)
的
,
间歇
p>
的
antispasmodic
adj.
止痉挛的
n.
镇痉药
中枢系统药物
Stimulants
stimulant
[?stimjul?nt]
increase
CNS
activity
兴
奋
药
Depressants
depressant
[di’pr
es?nt]
decrease
CNS
activity
抑
制
药
Analgesics
analgesic
[??n?l?d?i:zik]
a
substance
that
reduces
pain
止痛药
Hypnotics
hypnotic
[hip’n?tik]
drugs
that
produce
sleep
hyp-
在
?
下
安
眠
药
Sedatives
sedative
[?sed?tiv]
has
a
calming,tranquilizing
effect
镇静药
Barbiturates
barbiturates
[b
ɑ:’bitju?rits]
巴比妥类
a powerful drug
that
makes
you
feel
calm
and
relaxed
or
puts
you
to
sleep.
Anesthetics
ane
sthetic
[??nis?θetik]
causes
a
loss
of
awareness
and
sensation
麻醉药
?Tranquilizers
tranquilizer
[‘tr??kwilaiz?]
reduce
mental
tension
安定
药
关
于
中医<
/p>
翻译
的
常
用词<
/p>
组
:
急性
热
病
acute
febrile
disease
外感病
external
disease
温病
warm
disease
病因
cause of
disease
辨证论治
syndrome
differentiation and treatment IX
先天之精
innate
essence
后天之精
acquired
essence
水
谷
foods and fluids
肾
气
/
p>
阴
/
阳
kidney
qi/yin/yang
温
煦
作
用
warming
influence
运化
transportation and transformation
精主生长、生殖
jing
governing/dominating
growth
and
reproduction
助神
aiding the mind/shen
安神
anchor the
shen
气生血
qi
produce blood
气摄血
qi hold the blood
气为血之帅,血为气之母
qi is the commander of blood,
and
blood
is
the
mother
of
qi
血虚
deficient
blood
血滞
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