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雅思阅读科技篇

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2021-03-01 11:32
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2021年3月1日发(作者:英汉互译翻译器)


科技篇



1


You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on the following Reading Passage.



Islands That Float


Islands


are


not


known


for


their


mobility


but,


occasionally


it


occurs.


Natural


floating


islands


have


been


recorded in many parts of


the world ( Burns et al 1985 ).


Longevity studies


in lakes have been carried out by


Hesser, and in rivers and the open sea by Boughey ( Smithsonian Institute 1970). They can form in two common


ways: landslides of (usually vegetated) peaty soils into lakes or seawater or as a flotation of peat soils ( usually


bound by roots of woody vegetation) after storm surges, river floods or lake level risings.


The capacity of the living part of a floating island to maintain its equilibrium in the face of destructive forces,


such as fire, wave attack or hogging and sagging while riding sea or swell waves is a major obstacle. In general,


ocean-going floating islands are most likely to be short-lived; wave wash-over gradually eliminates enough of the


island's store of fresh water to deplete soil air and kill vegetation around the edges which, in turn, causes erosion


and diminishes buoyancy and horizontal mobility.


The forces acting on a floating island determine the speed and direction of movement, and are very similar to


those acting on floating mobile ice chunks during the partially open-water season ( Peterson 1965). In contrast to


such


ice


rafts,


many


floating


islands


carry


vegetation,


perhaps


including


trees


which


act


as


sails.


Burns


et


al


examined


the


forces


acting


and


concluded


that


comparatively


low


wind


velocities


are


required


to


mobilise


free-floating islands with vegetation standing two meters or more tall.


The


sighting


of


floating


islands


at


sea


is


a


rare


event;


such


a


thing


is


unscheduled,


shortlived


and


usually


undocumented. On July 4th, 1969, an island some 15 meters in diameter with 10 -15 trees 10 -12 meters tall was


included


in


the


daily


notice


to


mariners


as


posing


a


shipping


navigation


hazard


between


Cuba


and


Haiti.


McWhirter described the island as looking


was


some


earth


on


it


but


it


looked


kind


of


bushy


around


the


bottom,


like


there


was


dead


foliage,


grass-like


material or something on the island itself. The trees were coming up out of that. It looked like the trees came right


out of the surface brown layer. No roots were visible


and the parts had partially submerged so that only the upper tree trunks were above the water. By July 19th, no


trace of the island was found after an intensive six hour search.


Another


example


albeit


freshwater,


can


be


found


in


Victoria,


Australia




the


floating


islands


of


Pirron


Yallock. Accounts of how the floating islands were formed have been given by local residents. These accounts


have not been disputed in the scientific literature. Prior to 1938, the lake was an intermittent swamp which usually


dried out in summer. A drainage channel had been excavated at the lowest point of the swamp at the northern part


of its perimeter. This is likely to have encouraged the development or enlargement of a peat mat on the floor of the


depression. Potatoes were grown in the centre of the depression where the peat rose to a slight mound. The peat


was ignited by afire in 1938, which burned from the dry edges towards a central damp section. A track was laid


through the swamp last century and pavement work was carried out in 1929/30. This causeway restricted flow


between the depression and its former southern arm. These roadworks, plus collapse and partial infilling of the


northern drainage channel, created drainage conditions conducive to a transition from swamp to permanent lake.


The transformation from swamp to lake was dramatic,


occurring over the winter of 1952 when rainfall of


around


250mm


was


well


above


average.


Peat


is


very


buoyant


and


the


central


raised


section


which


had


been


isolated by the fire, broke away from the rocky, basalt floor as the water level rose in winter. The main island then


broke up into several smaller islands which drifted slowly for up to 200 meters within the confines of the lake and


ranged in size from 2 to 30 meters in diameter. The years immediately following experienced average or above


average rainfall and the water level was maintained. Realignment of the highway in 1963 completely blocked the


former


southern


outlet


of


the


depression,


further


enhancing


its


ability


to


retain


water.


The


road


surface


also


provided an additional source of runoff to the depression.


Anecdotal evidence indicates that the islands floated uninterrupted for 30 years, following their formation.


They generally moved between the NW and NE sides of the lake in response to the prevailing winds. In 1980, the


Rural


Water


Commission


issued


a


nearby


motel


a


domestic


licence


to


remove


water


from


the


lake


and


occasionally water is taken for the purpose of firefighting. The most significant amount taken for firefighting was


during


severe


fires


in


February


1983.


Since


then,


the


Pirron


Yallock


islands


have


ceased


to


float,


and


this


is


thought to be related to a drop in the water level of approximately 600 mm over the past 10 -15 years. The islands


have either run aground on the bed or the lagoon or vegetation has attached them to the bed.


Floating islands have attracted attention because they are uncommon and their behaviour has provided not


only


explanations


for


events


in


myth


and


legend


but


also


great


scope


for


discussion


and


speculation


amongst


scientific and other observers.


Peat = a dark brown substance that is formed by plants dying and becoming buried


Adapted from



Peterson


Questions 1-5


Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage? In boxes 1 - 5 on your


answer sheet write


TRUE



if the statement agrees with the information


FALSE



if the statement contradicts the information


NOT GIVEN


if there is no information on this


1. Natural floating islands occur mostly in lakes.


2. Floating Islands occur after a heavy storm or landslide.


3. The details of the floating island at sea near Cuba and Haiti were one of many seagoing islands in that area.


4. Floating islands at sea sink because the plants on them eventually die.


5. Scientists and local residents agree on how the Pirron Yallock Islands were formed.


Questions 6 ~9


Look at the following people ( questions 6-9) and the list of statements below.


Match each person to the correct statement.


Write the correct letter


A



H


in boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet.


6.


Burns


7.


Peterson


8.


McWhirter


9.


Hesser



A. compared floating islands to floating blocks of ice


B. documented the break up of a sea-going island



C. floating islands last longer when confined to a limited area


D. studied the effect of rivers on floating islands


E. like floating islands, floating mobile ice chunks carry vegetation


F. even comparatively light winds can create a floating island


G. recorded the appearance of a sea-going floating island


H. tall trees increase floating island mobility


Questions 10 -13


Complete the labels on Diagram B below.


Write the correct letter A



H in boxes 10- 13 on your answer sheet.


Diagram A: Before Pirron Y


allock Island formation





Diagram B: After Pirron Y


allock Island formation

















12
















A.


B.


C.


D.


E.


F.


G.


H.


5 meters


30 meters


basalt


200 meters


250 meters


causeway


highway


drainage channel





科技篇



2




You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-14 which are based on the following Reading Passage.


Questions 1-7


Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs A



G


From the list of headings below, choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph.


Write the appropriate numbers i-x in boxes 1 -7 on your answer sheet.


List of Headings



i. Award-winning wine


ii. Temperature vital to production


iii. Early caution and challenge


iv. A delicious taste


v. Picking the grapes, the only easy step


vi. From grape to wine


vii. The juice flows quickly


viii. Disease brings benefits


ix. The role of climate in taste


x. Obstacles to production



1. Paragraph A





2. Paragraph B





3. Paragraph C





4. Paragraph D






5. Paragraph E





6. Paragraph F





7. Paragraph G

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