-
（全国用）
2019
年高考英语二轮复习与增分
策略
专题一
阅读理解
第三节
题组练习
2
科普知识
(2017·甘肃甘谷二中一模
)
Are you an
optimist
？
Do you look at your
glass and see it as half
full
？
Do you
believe that every cloud has a silver
lining and that things generally turn out for
the best
？
Do you
believe that if something is meant to
be
，
it will
be
？
If you reply
“yes”
to
all
of
these
questions
，
then
you
are
an
probably
are
enthusiastic
，
cheerfu
l and may be successful at work and in love.
But you may be misguided because things
don’t turn ou
t for the may
believe that when one door closes
another one opens (for
example
，
you may fail to
obtain
a
new
job;
another
chance
will
come
around
soon)
．
one
door
closes
，
another
door slams(
砰然关上) in your ’s bitter
reality.
Now a book has been
published which confirms what
pessimists(
悲观者
) have
suspected
all
’s
called
The
Positive
Power
of
Defensive
Pessimism
.Its
author
argues
that
defensive
pessimism
can
lead
to
positive
ive
pessimism
is
a strategy used to manage
fear
，
anxiety and ive
pessimists prepare for
the
things
by
setting
low
outcomes
for
carefully
consider
everything
that may go wrong and plan for ways to
handle these this gives them a
sense
of
ce
Sanno
，
a
psychology
professor
< br>，
says
，
“What’s
interesting
about
defensive
pessimists
is
that
they
tend
to
be
very
successful
people
，
so
their
low opinion of the
situation’s outcomes is not use it to motivate
themselves to perform
better.”
So
far
，
so
is
not
rocket
ive
pessimists
prepare
carefully
and
consider
what
might
go
wrong
，
whether
at
work
，
on
date
or
even
in
a
sports
makes
sense
to
have
a
back-up
are
many
sayings
in
English
urging
example
，“Don’t
put
all
your
eggs
in
one
basket.”
And
“Don’t
count
your
chickens until they hatch.” To have a confident
and optimistic approach to
life’s
problems
is
listen
to
what
Woody
Alien，
the
American
comedian
says
，
“Confidence
is what you have before you understand the
problem.”
There are pros and
cons to being an optimist and a ’t feel bad if
you
see
the
glass
half
are
a
lighten
up
and
hook
up
with
someone
who sees the same
glass half full.
语篇解读
本文是一篇说明文，说明了防御性悲观的积极力量，防御性悲观主义是一种
管
理恐惧、焦虑和担心的策略。防御性悲观者为自己设定较低的结果，他们仔细考虑可
能出
现的问题并计划处理这些问题的办法，这给了他们一种控制感。
1
．What’s the passage mainly
about?
A
．
A book that has
recently been published.
B
．
How to become
successful in life.
C
．
The dangers of
being too optimistic.
D
．
The benefits of
defensive pessimism.
答案
D
解析
主
旨大意题。文章在第一段提出了人乐观一点会更好，接着主要讨论了要做一个防御
性悲观
者，因为这样的悲观者才会对以后的事情做好充分的准备，会有详细的计划和安排。
那样
才能有更好的结果。故
D
正确。
2
．
The underlined
sentence in Para.4 means .
A
．it’s not a dangerous thing
to do
B
．
it is quite
simple to understand
C
．
the cost is not
so high
D
．
there
is no real proof
答案
B
解析
句意理解题。谚语“This is not rocket
science.”中的
rocket science
指困难
的
事情，难以理解的事情。本句话的意思就是指这很好理解。故
B
正确。
3
．
Which of the
following English expressions would a defensive
pessimist believe?
A
．Don’t
put all your eggs in one basket.
B
．
The glass is
half full not half empty.
C
．
Whatever will
be
，
will be.
D
．
Every cloud has
a silver lining.
答案
A
解析
细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“There are many sayings
in English urging
example
，‘Don’t put all your eggs in one
basket.’”可知该谚语表示
做事要谨慎，与防御性悲观者观点一致，故
A
项符合。
4
．
The writer
would probably describe himself as .
A
．
an optimist
C
．
a realist
答案
C
解析
推理判断题。
< br>根据第二段中的“当上帝关上一扇门的时候，
他会为你打开另外一扇门。
但是实际上并不是总是如此。”再接合最后一段内容可知作者是个现实主义者。故
C
正确。
B
．
a defeatist
D
．
a scientist
B
(2017·吉林长春外国语学校期中
)
Showers can be can hum a
song
，
daydream or think about
nothing
，
leaving the real
world behind did you know that showering can also
benefit
your mind?
A
research by Scott Barry
Kaufman
，
a psychologist from
Yale University in the
US
interviewed
over
3,000
people
around
the
turned
out
that
nearly
two-thirds
of the interviewees said they had
experienced new ideas in the shower and were more
likely
to
have
them
in
the
shower
than
at
why
does
a
simple
shower
have
such
magic
power
？
Science can explain
it.
Showering can help to raise our
level of dopamine
，
a
hormone(
荷尔蒙
) closely
related
to
our
creativity.“People
vary
in
terms
of
their
level
of
creativity
according
to
the
activity
of
dopamine
，”
explained
Alice
Flaherty，
a
famous
American
neuroscientist.“Taking a
warm shower can make us feel relaxed
and therefore make
the dopamine level
rise and bring ‘Aha！’ moment to us.”
Besides
the
chemical
changes
，
showering
may
give
you
a
break
from
what
you
feel
you
have
been
stuck
ally
when
you
have
thought
hard
all
day
about
a
problem
，
jumping
into the shower can keep you from the outside
world so that you can focus
on
your
inner
feelings
and
this
way
，
according
to
American
psychologist
Shelley H
．
Carson
，
auth
or of
Your
Creative
Brain
，“a showering hour may
turn into
an ‘incubation(孵化)
period’ for your ideas.”
Showering allows us to enjoy the
creative juices of our minds
，but it
needn’t
just be the bathroom where you
get your instance
，
Gertrude
Stein
，
a
female
American
writer
and
poet
，
got
new
ideas
by
driving
around
a
farm
and
stopping
at different cows until she found the
one that most inspired try to create
your
own
way
to
free
your
mind
，whether
it’s
a
walk
near
the
ocean，
a
country
drive
or
reading a book at home.
语篇解读
一项科学实验证实了淋浴不仅能让我们感到放松，还能激发大脑的创造力。
5
．
According to
the article
，
what changes can
showering cause?
A
．
Bringing the
terrible moment to us.
B
．
Increasing the
level of dopamine.
C
．
Leading to
boredom or tiredness.
D
．
Setting the
conservative part of the brain free.
答案
B
解
析
细
节
理
解
题
。
根据
第
三
段
中
的
“Showeri
ng
can
help
to
raise
our
level
of
dopamine...”可知，淋浴能增加人体内多巴
胺的水平。故选
B
。
6
．
If one has
focused on something all
day
，
showering can help
.
A
．turn one’s attention
inwards
B
．draw
one’s attention to the outside world
C
．
one make an
important breakthrough
D
．
many chemical
changes to take place
答案
A
解析
细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Especially when you have
thought hard all day
about
a
problem
，
jumping
into
the
shower
can
keep
you
from
the
outside
world
so
that
you can focus on your inner feelings
and memories.”可知，
A
项正确。
7
．What’s the author’s
attitude towards the opinion that showering can
lead to
creativity?
A
．
Positive.
C
．
Neutral.
答案
A
解析
观点态度题。
根据最后一段中的“Showering
allows
us
to
enjoy
the
creative
juices
of
our
minds...”可
判断出，作者认为淋浴能激发我们的创造力，即作者对“淋浴能激发人
的创造力”这一观
点持积极态度。故选
A
。
8
．
The example of
Gertrude Stein in the last paragraph is used to
.
A
．
encourage
readers to find their own ways of getting
inspiration
B
．point out to
readers that it’s hard to find
inspiration
C
．
explain how to
link ins
piration with readers’ daily
lives
D
．
show that
creativity often comes from strange places
答案
A
解析
推理判断题。最后一段开头作者
指出淋浴能激发我们的创造力，但是并不一定非得在
浴室淋浴获得灵感，
后面就以
Gertrude
Stein
为例讲述其他方法也能激发我们的灵感。
由此
可判断
出，
作者以
Gertrude
Ste
in
为例是为了鼓励读者找到自己的获取灵感的方法。
故选
A
。
C
(2017·第三次全国大联考
)
Feeding knowledge directly into your
brain
，
just like in sci-fi
classic
The
B
．
Negative.
D
．
Not mentioned.
Matrix
(
《黑客帝国》
)
，
could
soon
take
as
much
effort
as
falling
asleep
，
scientists
believe.