正文内文献引用的APA格式要求

附件

4

：

< /p>

正文内文献引用的

APA

格式要求

（

1

）一件作品或 多件作品的引用：

It

has

been

argued

that

teachers

’

role

is

to

provide

the

students

with

optimal

conditions

which

can

facilitate

learning

so

that

students

can

achieve

similar successful results (Bloom, 1976, pp. 12-16).

Gagne (1977, pp. 38-41) also noticed that adult learners were less

affected by external instruction events.

The advantage of the multiple regression analysis is that it cannot

show

the

complex

interrelations

between

independent

variables

(Bryman

&

Crammer, 1990, pp. 135-139).

Studies of the good language learner (for example, Naiman, Frohlich,

Stern,

and

Todesco,

1978,

pp.

49-52)

have

tried

to

identify

the

strategies

which

successful learners use (first citation) (Ellis, 1994, p. 37).

Naiman

et

al.

(1978,

pp.

49-52)

found

a

similar

relationship,

although

in this case

‘

eff ort

’

on the part of the learners was also associated with

instrumental motivation (subsequent citation) (Ellis, 1994, p. 512).

（

2

）同一括号里多件作品的引用：

Empirical

studies

on

student

learning

carried

out

since

the

70

’

s

have

found

that

students

’

learning

outcomes

to

a

great

extent

depend

on

their

choice

of learning approaches (Biggs, 1979, 1987).

The

major

finding

from

the

earlier

studies

(Barley,

1969,

1970;

Clement

et

al.,

1978;

Gardner

&

Lambert,

1972;

Gliksman,

1976;

Spolsky,

1969)

was

that

learners with an integrative motivation tended to obtain better achievement

that those with an instrumental motivation.

（注意引用作品的排序）

6

）

附件

5

：

< /p>

正文内文献引用的

MLA

格式要求

（

1

）一件作品或 多件作品的引用：

It

has

been

argued

that

teachers

’

role

is

to

provide

the

students

with

optimal

conditions

which

can

facilitate

learning

so

that

students

can

achieve

similar successful results (Bloom 12-6).

Gagne (38-41) also noticed that adult learners were less affected by

external instruction events.

The advantage of the multiple regression analysis is that it cannot

show the complex interrelations between independent variables (Bryman and

Crammer 135-9).

Studies

of

the

good

language

learner

(for

example,

Naiman

et

al.

49-52)

have

tried

to

identify

the

strategies

which

successful

learners

use

(Ellis

37).

Naiman et al. (49-52) found a similar relationship, although in this

case

‘

effort

’

on

the

part

of

the

learners

was

also

associated

with

instrumental motivation (Ellis 512).

（注意：

MLA

格式不加年代，只加作者姓和

页码，没有逗号）

（

2

）同一括号里多件作品的引用：

Empirical

studies

on

student

learning

carried

out

since

the

70

’

s

have

found

that

students

’

learning

outcomes

to

a

great

extent

depend

on

their

choice

of learning approaches (Biggs, Empirical Studies; Learning Strategies).

（注

意：这里的 下划线表示作者的两篇不同作品，我们现在统一用斜体代替下划线）

The major finding from the earlier studies (Barley; Clement et al.;

Gardner & Lambert; Gliksman; Spolsky) was that learners with an integrative

motivation

tended

to

obtain

better

achievement

that

those

with

an

instrumental

motivation.

（注意引用作品的排序）

In

The

Age

of

Voltaire

,

the

Durants

portray

eighteenth

century

England

as a minor force in the world of music and art (214-48).

（注意：文内已出现