-
Rubric ofthe Course Paper
for
“American Literature”
关于“美国文
学”课程论文
MLA
格式的细则
The thesis is written in English,
including the citation.(
全文用英文书写
< br>,
包括引用文
献。
)
What are some essential standard
of a MLA paper?
(MLA
论文基本要求
)Type
your paper on a computer and print it
out on standard, white 8.5 x 11-inch paper.
Set the margins of your thesis to one-
inch
（
2.54
centimeters
）
on all sides.
The
paper should be double-space typed.
There is one space between every English
words. There is no space between the
words and punctuations. (
用
12
号新罗马
字体排版，双倍行距。页边距为
2.54
厘米，
16
开
A4
白色纸打印，英文单词之间
相距一个空格。单词
和标点符号之间没有空格。
)
How
to Create a
Header?
如何编辑页眉？
Create a
header in the upper right-hand
corner
that includes your family name, followed by a
space with the page number;
number all
pages consecutively with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3,
4) and flush with
the right margin.
Omit the page number on Page One.(
编辑页眉，
将你的姓和页
码标注在右上角，姓和页码之间有一个空格，不用标点符号；上面边距是<
/p>
1.27
厘
米，右边与正文部分对齐。<
/p>
)
How to deal with
the first page?
第一页格式的处理。
In
the upper left-hand corner
of the first
page, list your name; your number and your class;
the tutor’s name;
the course; and the
date. The date in MLA format should be written as
“day
month year.”: i.e. 29 December
2011(without comma between eac
h word
and the
month should not be
abbreviated.) Be sure to use double space. (
第一页左上角，
纵向排列你的名字；学号、班级；指导老师的名字；课程名称
；日期（格式是日月
年，中间不用标点符号，月份也不用缩写，如：
29 December 2011
）
How to write a
title?(
如何写标题？
)The title is
centered and written in 12-piont
Times
New Roman font. The title is not bold, underlined,
or italicized. But use
quotation mark
or italic(s) if your title includes works (an
article, a poem, or a
story) or a book
of others, do just as you would do in the text:
quote the title of
the article, the
poem or the story while italicize the book. (
标题居中，用
12
号新
罗
马字体。标题不用黑体，下划线或斜体，如果标题中有已出版的文章，文章部分
用双引号
，如果是书籍，书籍部分用斜体。如：Sybolism in “Young Good Man
Brown.”或
Sybolism in Scarlet
Letter
。
How to
write an outline?
如何写提纲？（
(You
are not required to write an outline
this
time).
注意：这次没有要求写提纲。）
As for
the outline of a MLA paper, there
is a
sample of outline on Page 38 of the fifth edition
of MLA Handbook for Writers
of Research
Papers: A- level: I, II, III, B-level: A, B, C;
C-level: 1, 2, 3; D-level:a,
b, c,
E-level: (1), (2), (3); F-level: (a), (b), (c). (M
LA
论文的题纲可以参考《
MLA
科<
/p>
研论文写作规范》第五版
38
页的提纲：
A
级：用大写罗马数字
I, II,
III
等；
B
级：
用大写英文字母
A, B, C
等；
C
级：用阿拉伯数字
1
、
2
、
3
等；
D
级：用小写英文
字母
a<
/p>
，
b, c
等
;
E
级：用阿拉伯数字加括号如
(1), (2), (3);
F
级：用小写英文字母
加括号，如：
(
a), (b), (c).)
（如何写副标题？）
As for the heading
of the text, title the main sections(B-level)
用不同的字体将文章中
B
级标题和主标题区分开<
/p>
:
如标题左对齐
,
词首字母用
12
号
字体，其余用
10
号字体，大写锁定键键入，如：主标题是：
Symbolism in
“Young Good Man Brown”(居
中
)
，
B
级标
题是
SYMBOLIC MEANING OF
NATURE
.
（左对齐），然后用两倍行距分行，开始正文部分；
C
级标题大写词首
字母，用斜体格式，不分行，直接开始正文部分。如<
/p>
: C
级标题
Symblic
Meaning
of the Forest
8.
How to
indent the first paragraph?
(
如何编辑段落？
)Indent the first
sentence
of each paragraph 0.5inch.
Microsoft Word suggests using the Tab ky.
< br>段第一句缩进半英寸（
1.75
厘米），用
Tab
键。
(
每一
How many parts are there
basically in a thesis? (
论文最基本应该包括几部
分？
)The thesis should have an
introductory paragraph, body paragraphs for
developing ideas and a paragraph for
conclusion. (
论文应该包括一段引言部分、
几段
论证部分和一段结论部分。
)
How to write the introduction? Is it
the introduction of the author or the
introduction of the plot of the story?
(
如何写论文的引言部分？它是作者的生平介
绍吗？它是小说的
故事情节介绍吗？
) No, The introduction is
neither the
introduction of the author
nor that of the plot of the story you study. It is
an
introduction of the paper you are
writing. It should set the context for the rest of
the paper. It tells your readers why
you are writing and why your topic is
important. It ends with a thesis
statement which is the position you will develop
and support throughout the paper. The
thesis statement guides and controls
your paper.(
引言部分既不是你所研究的文章的作
者介绍，也不是作品的故事情节
介绍，而是对你写的论文大致介绍。它为整篇文章定下基
调，告知读者你的论文的
必要性和重要性；引言部分用一个句子作为全文中心论点结束，
中心论点是需要论
证阐释的观点，指导和控制全文，使整篇文章不至于偏题。
)
How to Make the
Ideas of a Long Thesis Easier for the Reader to
Grasp? (
如何使
一篇篇幅较长的论文便于读者理解？<
/p>
)If your thesis is a long one, you may
want to
write about how your paper is
organized. This can help your reader to follow
your
ideas.(
如果你的论文比较长，在引言之后接
下来一段，你可以介绍你论文的结构，
便于读者理解你的观点。
)
What are the elements for
the body
paragraphs?
（正文段落的有哪些要素？）
Body
paragraphs have these four elements: a transition,
a topic sentence,
evidence and a brief
wrap-up sentence. At the beginning of your
developing
paragraphs, make sure you
have transitory words, phrases or paragraphs to
have each part connected logically
together. You’d better begin each paragraph
with a topic sentence and several other
sentences of instances to support it, and
the last sentence to wrap up for a
conclusion while transitioning to the next
paragraph.(
每一个自然段开始，要注意用过渡段的连接词，词组或
句子，把每一
部分串联成一个符合逻辑的整体。每一段开始用一个中心句，接下来用列子
证明，
句与句之间要有表示逻辑关系的词，词组，最后用一句话概括整段大意
,
并与下一
段自然过渡。
)
How to quote in the text?
(
如何在正文中引用文献？
)In-text
citations occur after
the quote but
before the period. The author’s/authors’ name/s go
before the page
number with no comma in
between. i.e. “A lone woman is troubled with such
dreams and such thoughts that she’s
afraid of herself sometimes” (Hawthorne
431). If you go on to quote the same
work, put the page number in a bracket only.
i.e. “She’s a blessed angel on earth;
and after this one night I’ll cling to her skirts
and follow her to heaven”(432).文中引用文献的标
注在引用部分后面，句号前面，
作者姓空格页码，中间没有逗号），如果同一页引用同一
作品，则只标页码。
Use block quote
when quotations are longer than four-typed lines.
Block
quotations begin on a new line,
are double-spaced and indented one-inch from
the margin. Do not use quotation marks.
The citation information (the author’s
name and the page number) follow.
（如果被引用的部分超过三行，则引用整段。
整段引用另起一行，双倍行距，
自页边空白整体缩进一英寸（
2.54
厘米），不用
引号，末尾添加引用来源（作者姓空格页码）。
If you delete words from the original
quote, insert an ellipsis, three periods with a
space before and after each one.(
如果你去掉引文中的一些单词，用省略号（三
个前后有空格的小圆点）。
If
a source has
more than three authors, use the first author’s
surname followed
by “et al.” i.e.
(Barker et al.
23)（如果文献作者是三位以上，文中引用只用第一位
作者的姓，后面是空格加“et
al.
Citation from a
website:
If the website has
no page number,you simply use the author's surname
after the
period.i.e.
If you cite an indirect source, words
quoted in another source. ie.( author's
surname).
Source
with an unknown author is cited by a shortened
title.(The first word of the
title with
a quotation mark:i.e.
Conclusion
wrap up what you
have discussed in your paper. Because it is
B-level,
the first paragraph is not
indented. (
结尾部分总结论文中讨论的话题。因它是
B
级
标题，第一段不缩进。
)
How to Use Endnotes?
(
如何使用尾注？）
Use endnotes to
explain something
that doesn’t fit in
with the rest of the
paragraph. Avoid
lengthy discussion in the
endnote.
Endnote begins on a new page after the paper but
before the Work/s
Cited page. Double
space all entries and indent each entry 0.5 inch
from the
margin.
（如果有和本段不相吻合，
可以用尾注加以详细解释。尾注要简洁，避免
冗长的讨论。尾注在正文后另起一页，置于
文献引用页之前，用双行距，左对齐，
页边距是半英寸，即
1.
75
厘米。
. How to format the Work/s Cited page
?(
引用作品格式）
The Work/s Cited page is a list of all
the sources you cited in your paper. It
includes books, journals, magazines,
online resources, films, CD-Rom,
interview
，
classroom notes,
blog, e-mail, diaries, etc.
（“引用作品”页是在你论
文最后列出你
文中引用的信息的来源
,
包括书籍，期刊，报刊，网络，电影，光盘，访谈，课堂
笔记，博客，电子邮件，日记等
）
The Works Cited page begins on a new
page. Center the title Works Cited
without underlining, bolding,
italicizing it. If there is only one entry, write
Work
Cited.
引用作品页置于尾注页之后，另起一页
。将
Works Cited
的标题居中，不加
下划线，不加斜体。如果只引用一项，则用单数“Work Cited.
List the entries in
the alphebetically order.
按照字母表的顺序排列。
MLA
now requires all sources to have a publication
marker. For example, books
receive the
marker “print” after the citation. Online sources
have the marker of
respectiv
ely.
现在
MLA
要求所有引用文献
要有一个“出版标志
.
比如，书藉后用
网络信息用
光盘用
CD-Rom
，博客用
Blog.
电子邮件用
e-mail.(
详见
以下
例子。）
If a source
doesn’t have a
list of publisher, and you can infer who the
publisher is. Place the publisher’s
name in brackets.(如果原文没有出版社，但你
能够猜到出版商是谁
，可以用括号把出版商括起来。
Online Resources Citation:
MLA no long requires URLs in the Works
Cited,
instead, you must write “web”
before the date of access in the entry. This
serves
as the entry’s publication
marker. butors' names.
The Purdue OWL.
Purdue U Writing Lab, Last edited date. Web. Date
of
access.
对于网络信息，
MLA
不再要求给出详细网址，但你必须在你访问网址的时
间
之前注明“Web”作为出版标记。如：
作者姓，名.
“文章名”.网站，最后编辑日月
年
.
Web.
访问日月年
.
Russell, Tony, Allen Brizee, and
Elizabeth Angeli.
Guide.
2010.
Note:
短篇小说课本引用格式：小说作者姓，名.
“文章标题.”论文集名称
. Ed.
论文集
< br>编者名姓
.
出版地
:
出版社
,
出版年代
.
起始页码
.Print.
Lawrence,D.H.
The Norton
Anthology of Short
Fiction
.
Ed. l. 5
th
. ed. New York:
Norton, 1995. 543-559. Print.
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