-
关于“美国文学”课程论文
MLA
格式的细则<
/p>
Rubric of the
Course Paper for “American Literature”
1. The thesis is written in
English, including the citation.(
全文用英文书写
,
包括引用文献。
)
are some essential
standard of a MLA paper? (MLA
论文基本要求
)Type your paper on a
computer and print it out on standard,
white 8.5 x 11-inch paper. Set the margins of your
thesis
to one-
inch
（
2.54
centimeters
）
on all sides.
The paper should be double-space typed. There is
one
space between every English words.
There is no space between the words and
punctuations. (
用
12
号新罗马字体排版，双倍行距。页边距为
2.54
厘米，
16
开
A4
白色纸
打印，英文单词之
间相距一个空格。单词和标点符号之间没有空格。
)
to Create a Header?
如何编辑页眉？
Create a header in
the upper right-hand corner that
includes
your
family
name,
followed
by
a
space
with
the
page
number;
number
all
pages
consecutively with Arabic numerals (1,
2, 3, 4) and flush with the right margin. Omit the
page
number on Page One.(
编辑页
眉，
将你的姓和页码标注在右上角，
姓和页码之间有一个空格，
不用标点符号；上面边距是
1.27
厘
米，右边与正文部分对齐。
)
to deal with the first page?
第一页格式的处理。
In the upper left-
hand corner of the first
page, list
your name; your number and your class; the
tutor
’
s name; the course;
and the date.
The date in MLA format
should be written as
“
day
month year.
”
: i.e. 29
December 2011(without
comma between
each word and the month should not be
abbreviated.) Be sure to use double
space.
(
第一页左上角，纵向
排列你的名字；学号、班级；指导老师的名字；课程名称；日
期（格式是日月年，中间不
用标点符号，月份也不用缩写，如：
29 December
2011
）
to write a title?
(
如何写标题？
)The title is
centered and written in 12-piont Times New
Roman font. The title is not bold,
underlined, or italicized. But use quotation mark
or italic(s) if
your title includes
works (an article, a poem, or a story) or a book
of others, do just as you would
do in
the text: quote the title of the article, the poem
or the story while italicize the book. (
标题
居中，用
12
号新罗马字体。标
题不用黑体，下划线或斜体，如果标题中有已出版的文章，
文章部分用双引号，
如果是书籍，
书籍部分用斜体。
如：
Sybolism in
“
Young
Good Man
Brown.
”
或
Sybolism
in Scarlet Letter
。
to write an outline?
如何写提纲？（
(You are not required
to write an outline this time).
注意：这次没有要
求写提纲。
）
As for the outline of
a MLA paper, there is a sample of outline on
Page 38 of the fifth edition of MLA
Handbook for Writers of Research Papers: A- level:
I, II, III,
B-level: A, B, C; C-level:
1, 2, 3; D-level:a, b, c, E-level: (1), (2), (3);
F-level: (a), (b), (c). (MLA
论文的
< br>题纲可以参考
《
MLA
科研论文
写作规范》
第五版
38
页的提纲：
A
级：
用大写罗马数字
I, II, III
等；
B
级：
用大写英文字母
A, B, C
等；
C
级：用阿拉伯数字
1
、
2
、
3
等；
D
级：用小写英文
字母
a
，
b, c
等
;
E
级：
用阿拉伯数字加括号如
(1),
(2), (3); F
级：
用小写英文字母加括号，
如：
(a), (b), (c).)
7.
（
如何写副标题？）
< br>As for the heading of the text, title the main sections(B-level)
用不同的字
体将文章中
B
级标题和主标题区分开
:
如标题左对齐
,
词首字母用
12
号字体，其余用
10
号
字体，大写锁定键键入，如：主标题是：
Symbolis
m in
“
Young Good Man Brown
”
(
居中
)
，
B
级标题是
SYM
BOLIC MEANING OF NATURE.
（
左对齐
）
，
然后用两倍行距分行，
开始正文部
分；
C
级标题大写词首字母，用斜体格式，不分行，直接开始正
文部分。如
:
C
级标题
Symbolic
Meaning of the Forest
to
indent
the
first
paragraph?
(
如何编辑段落？
)Indent
the
first
sentence
of
each
paragraph 0.5inch. Microsoft Word
suggests using the Tab key. (
每一段第一句缩进半英
寸（
1.75
厘米）
，用
Tab
键。
many
parts
are
there
basically
in
a
thesis?
(
论文最基本应该包
括几部分？
)The
thesis
should have an introductory paragraph,
body paragraphs for developing ideas and a
paragraph
for conclusion. (
论
文应该包括一段引言部分、几段论证部分和一段结论部分。
)
to write the introduction? Is it the
introduction of the author or the introduction of
the
plot of the story? (
如何写论
文的引言部分？它是作者的生平介绍吗？它是小说的故事情节介
绍吗？
< br>) No, The introduction is neither the introduction of the author nor that of the plot of the
story you study. It is an
introduction of the paper you are writing. It
should set the context for the
rest of
the paper. It tells your readers why you are
writing and why your topic is important. It
ends with a thesis statement which is
the position you will develop and support
throughout the
paper. The thesis
statement guides and controls your paper.(
< br>引言部分既不是你所研究的文章的
作者介绍，
也不是作品
的故事情节介绍，
而是对你写的论文大致介绍。
它为整篇文章定
下基
调，
告知读者你的论文的必要性和重要性；
引言部分用一个句子作为全文中心论点结束，
中
心论点
是需要论证阐释的观点，指导和控制全文，使整篇文章不至于偏题。
)
to Make the Ideas of a
Long Thesis Easier for the Reader to Grasp? (
如何使一篇篇幅较
长的论文便于读者理解？
)If
your thesis is a long one, you may want to write
about how your
paper is organized. This
can help your reader to follow your ideas.(
如果你的论文比较长，
在引言
之后接下来一段，你可以
介绍你论文的结构，便于读者理解你的观点。
)
are
the
elements
for
the
body
paragraphs?
（正文段落的有哪些要素？）
Body
paragraphs
have
these
four
elements:
A
transition,
a
topic
sentence,
evidence
and
a
brief
wrap-up
sentence.
At
the
beginning
of
your
developing
paragraphs,
make
sure
you
have
transitory
wo
rds,
phrases
or
paragraphs
to
have
each
part
connected
logically
together.
You’d
better begin each paragraph with a
topic sentence and several other sentences of
instances to
support
it,
and
the
last
sentence
to
wrap
up
for
a
conclusion
while
transitioning
to
the
next
paragrap
h.(
每一个自然段开始，要注意用过渡段的连接词，词组或句子，把每一部分串联成<
/p>
一个符合逻辑的整体。
每一段开始用一个中心句，
接下来用列子证明，
句与句之间要有表示
逻辑关系的词
，词组，最后用一句话概括整段大意
,
并与下一段自然过渡。<
/p>
)
to quote in
the text? (
如何在正文中引用文献？
)In-
text citations occur after the quote
but
before
the
period.
The
autho
r
’
s/authors
’
name/s
go
before
the
page
number
with
no
comma in between. i.e.
“
A lone woman is troubled
with such dreams and such thoughts that
she
’
s afraid of herself
sometimes
”
(Hawthorne 431). If you go on to quote
the same work, put the
page number in a
bracket only. i.e.
“
She
’
s
a blessed angel on earth; and after this one night
I
’
ll cling to her skirts and
follow her to heaven
”
(432).
文中引用文献的标注在引用部分后面，
句
号前面，作者姓空格页码，中间没有逗号）
，如果同一页引用同一作品，则只标页码。
14. Use block
quote when quotations are longer than four-typed
lines. Block quotations begin on
a
new
line,
are
double-spaced
and
indented
one-inch
from
the
margin.
Do
not
use
quotation
marks. The
citation information (the author’s name and the
page number)
follow.
（如果被引用<
/p>
的部分超过三行，则引用整段。
整段引用另起一行，双倍行距，自
页边空白整体缩进一英寸
（
2.54
厘
米）
，不用引号，末尾添加引用来源（作者姓空格页码）
。
you
delete
words
from
the
original
quote,
insert
an
ellipsis,
three
periods
with
a
space
before
and
after each
one.(
如
果你去掉引文中的一些单词，用省略号（三个前后有空格的小
圆点）
。
a source
has more than three authors, use the first
author
’
s surname followed by
“
et
al.
”
i.e. (Barker
et al. 23)
（如果文献作者是三位以上，文中引用只用第一位作者的姓，后
面是空
格加“
et
al.
再空格加页码）
17. Citation from a website:
A. If the
website has no page number,you simply use the
author's surname after the period.i.e.
B. If you cite an indirect source,
words quoted in another source. ie.( author's
surname).
C. Source with an
unknown author is cited by a shortened title.(The
first word of the title with a
quotation mark:i.e.
sion
wrap
up
what
you
have
discussed
in
your
paper.
Because
it
is
B-level,
the
first
paragraph is not
indented. (
结尾部分总结论文中讨论的话题。因它是
B
级标题，第一段不缩
进。
)
to Use Endnotes?
(
如何使用尾注？）
Use
endnotes to explain something that
doesn
’
t
fit in
with the rest of the paragraph. Avoid lengthy
discussion in the endnote. Endnote begins on
a new page after the paper but before
the Work/s Cited page. Double space all entries
and indent
each entry 0.5 inch from the
margin.
（如果有和本段不相吻合，可以用尾注加以详细解释。尾
注要简洁，避免冗长的讨论。尾注在正文后另起一页，置于文献引用页之前，用双行距，左
对齐，页边距是半英寸，即
1.75
厘米。
to format the
Work/s Cited page ?(
引用作品格式）
The
Work/s
Cited
page
is
a
list
of
all
the
sources
you
cited
in
your
paper.
It
includes
books,
journals, magazines, online resources,
films, CD-Rom,
interview
，
classroom notes,
blog, e-mail,
diaries, etc.
（
“引用作品”
页是在你论文最后列出你文中引用的信息的来源<
/p>
,
包括书籍，
期刊，
< br>报刊，网络，电影，光盘，访谈，课堂笔记，博客，电子邮件，日记等）
The Works Cited page begins
on a new page. Center the title Works Cited
without underlining,
bolding,
italicizing it. If there is only one entry, write
Work Cited.
引用作品页置于尾注页之后，
另
起一页。将
Works Cited
的标题
居中，不加下划线，不加斜体。如果只引用一项，则用单数
“
W
ork Cited.
List the entries
in the alphabetically order.
按照字母表的顺序排列。
MLA
now
requires
all
sources
to
have
a
publication
marker.
For
example,
books
receive
the
marker
“
print
”
after the citation.
Online sources have the marker of
Blog
for resources from CD-ROM, E-mail, and Blog
respectively.
现在
MLA
要求所有引用文献要
有一个“出版标志
.
< br>比如，书籍后用
网络信息用
,
光盘用
CD-ROM
，博客用
Blog.
电子邮件用
e
-mail.(
详见以下例子。
）
If a source
doesn
’
t have a list of
publisher, and you can infer who the publisher is.
Place the
publisher
’
s name
in brackets.(
如果原文没有出版社，但你能够猜到出版商是谁，可以用括
号
把出版商括起来。
Online
Resources
Citation:
MLA
no
long requires
URLs
in
the
Works
Cited,
instead,
you
must
write “web” before the date of access
in the entry. This serves as the entry’s
publication marker.
butors' names.
date. Web. Date of access.
对于网络信息，
MLA
不再要求给出
详细网址，但你必须在你访问
网址的时间之前注明“
Web
”作为出版标记。如：作者姓，名
.
“文章名”
.
网站，最后编
辑日月年
. Web.
访问日月年
.
Russell, Tony, Allen Brizee, and
Elizabeth Angeli.
OWL. Purdue U Writing
Lab, 4 Apr. 2010. Web. 20 July 2010.
Note:
短篇小说课本引用格式：小说作者姓，名
.
< br>“文章标题
.
”论文集名称
.
Ed.
论文集编
者名姓
.
出版地
:
出版社
,
出版年代
.
起始页码
.Print.
Lawrence,D.H.
5th. ed. New
York: Norton, 1995. 543-559. Print.
-------------------
注意：
1.
现在
MLA
不再在书名下用下划线，而是用斜体字。
2.
现在
MLA
要求用
print
标记公开出版的纸质刊物的出版特征，包括书，杂志，报纸。
3.
现在
M
LA
不要求网络信息的详细网址，但要用
Web
标记信息来源的出版特征。
以下信息来自网络，稍作改动。
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：Elsevier期刊投稿模板及投稿经验
下一篇：如何在word中使用EndNote