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Creating a
reference list or bibliography
A
numbered list of references must be provided at
the end of the
paper. The
list
should be
arranged
in the order of
citation in the
text of the
assignment or essay, not in alphabetical order.
List
only one reference per reference
number. Footnotes or other
information
that
are
not
part
of
the
referencing
format
should
not
be
included in the reference list.
The
following
examples
demonstrate
the
format
for
a
variety
of
types
of references. Included are some
examples of citing electronic
documents.
Such
items
come
in
many
forms,
so
only
some
examples
have
been listed here.
Print
Documents
Books
Note:
Every (important) word
in the title of a book or conference
must be capitalised. Only the first
word of a subtitle should be
capitalised. Capitalise the
Punctuation goes inside the quotation
marks.
Standard format
[#]
A.
A.
Author/editor,
Title:
Subtitle
(in
italics
)
,
Edition
(if
not
the first)
, Vol.
(if a
multivolume work)
. Place of
publication: Publisher, Year, page
number(s)
(if
appropriate)
.
Single author
[1]
W.-K.
Chen,
Linear
Networks
and
Systems
.
Belmont,
CA:
Wadsworth,
1993, pp.
123-135.
[2] S. M. Hemmington,
Soft Science
. Saskatoon:
University of
Saskatchewan Press, 1997.
Edited work
[3]
D. Sarunyagate, Ed.,
Lasers
.
New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996.
Later
edition
[4]
K.
Schwalbe,
Information
Technology
Project
Management
,
3rd
ed.
Boston: Course
Technology, 2004.
[5] M. N. DeMers,
Fundamentals of Geographic Information
Systems
,
3rd ed. New York :
John Wiley, 2005.
More than one
author
[6] T. Jordan and P.
A. Taylor,
Hacktivism and Cyberwars:
Rebels
with a cause?
London:
Routledge, 2004.
[7] U. J. Gelinas,
Jr., S. G. Sutton, and J. Fedorowicz,
Business
processes and
information technology
. Cincinnati:
South-Western/Thomson Learning, 2004.
Three or more authors
Note:
The names of all
authors should be given in the references
unless
the
number
of
authors
is
greater
than
six.
If
there
are
more
than six authors, you
may use
et al.
after the
name of the first
author.
[8]
R.
Hayes,
G.
Pisano,
D.
Upton,
and
S.
Wheelwright,
Operations,
Strategy, and Technology: Pursuing the
competitive edge
.
Hoboken,
NJ : Wiley, 2005.
Series
[9] M. Bell, et al.,
Universities Online: A survey of online
education
and
services
in
Australia
,
Occasional
Paper
Series
02-A. Canberra:
Department of Education, Science and
Training, 2002.
Corporate
author (ie: a company or organisation)
[10] World Bank,
Information
and Communication Technologies: A
World
Bank
group
strategy
.
Washington,
DC
:
World
Bank,
2002.
Conference (complete conference
proceedings)
[11] T. J. van
Weert and R. K. Munro, Eds.,
Informatics and the
Digital
Society:
Social,
ethical
and
cognitive
issues:
IFIP
TC3/WG3.1&3.2 Open
Conference on Social, Ethical and
Cognitive Issues of Informatics and
ICT, July 22-26, 2002,
Dortmund,
Germany
. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 2003.
Government publication
[12] Australia. Attorney-Generals
Department.
Digital Agenda
Review
, 4 Vols. Canberra:
Attorney- General's Department,
2003.
Manual
[13] Bell
Telephone Laboratories Technical Staff,
Transmission
System for
Communications
, Bell Telephone
Laboratories,
1995.
Catalogue
[14]
Catalog
No.
MWM-1,
Microwave
Components
,
M.
W.
Microwave
Corp.,
Brooklyn, NY.
Application notes
[15] Hewlett-Packard, Appl. Note 935,
pp. 25-29.
Note:
Titles
of
unpublished
works
are
not
italicised
or
capitalised.
Capitalise only
the first word of a paper or thesis.
Technical report
[16] K. E. Elliott and C.M. Greene,
Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne,
France, Tech. Rep.
916-1010-BB, 1997.
Patent / Standard
[17] K. Kimura and A. Lipeles,
S. Patent 14,860,040, December 14,
1996.
Papers presented at conferences
(unpublished)
[18] H. A.
Nimr,
controllers,
Fuzzy
Systems, Cairo, Egypt, 1996.
Thesis or
dissertation
[19] H. Zhang,
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON,
Canada, 1997.
[20] M. W. Dixon,
routing problem in communication
networks,
dissertation, Murdoch
University, Murdoch, WA, Australia,
1999.
Parts of a
Book
Note:
These examples
are for chapters or parts of edited works in
which
the
chapters
or
parts
have
individual
title
and
author/s,
but
are
included in collections or textbooks edited by
others. If the
editors of a work are
also the authors of all of the included
chapters
then
it
should
be
cited
as
a
whole
book
using
the
examples
given above
(Books).
Capitalise only the first word
of a paper or book chapter.
[#] A. A.
Author of Part,
Title:
Subtitle of book
, Edition,
Vol., A. Editor Ed. Place of
publication: Publisher, Year, pp.
inclusive page numbers.
Single chapter
from an edited work
[1]
A.
Rezi
and
M.
Allam,
in
array
processing
by
means
of transformations,
Control and Dynamic Systems
,
Vol.
69, Multidemsional Systems, C. T.
Leondes, Ed. San Diego:
Academic Press,
1995, pp. 133-180.
[2] G. O. Young,
Plastics
, 2nd ed., vol. 3,
J. Peters, Ed. New York:
McGraw-Hill,
1964, pp. 15-64.
Conference
or
seminar
paper
(one
paper
from
a
published
conference
proceedings)
[3]
N. Osifchin and G. Vau,
modernization
of telecommunications in Central and Eastern
European and former Soviet Union
(CEE/FSU) countries,
Second
International Telecommunications Energy Special
Conference
, 1997, pp. 9-16.
[4]
S.
Al
Kuran,
prospects
for
GaAs
MESFET
technology
in
dc-
ac
voltage
conversion,
Proceedings of the Fourth
Annual
Portable Design
Conference
, 1997, pp. 137-142.
Article in an encyclopaedia,
signed
[5] O. B. R.
Strimpel,
McGraw-Hill
Encyclopedia
of
Science
and
Technology
,
8th
ed.,
Vol.
4.
New
York: McGraw-Hill, 1997,
pp. 279-283.
Study Guides and Unit
Readers
Note:
You should not cite from Unit Readers, Study
Guides, or
lecture notes, but where
possible you should go to the original
source
of
the
information.
If
you
do
need
to
cite
articles
from
the
Unit
Reader, treat the Reader articles as if they were
book or
journal articles. In the
reference list or bibliography use the
bibliographical details as quoted in
the Reader and refer to the
page
numbers
from
the
Reader,
not
the
original
page
numbers
(unless
you have independently consulted the
original).
[6] L. Vertelney, M. Arent,
and H. Lieberman,
search
of
an
interface:
Reflections
on
a
design
problem,
in
The Art of Human-Computer Interface
Design
, B. Laurel, Ed.
Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1990.
Reprinted in
Human-Computer Interaction
(ICT 235) Readings and Lecture
Notes
,
Vol.
1.
Murdoch:
Murdoch
University,
2005,
pp.
32-37.
Journal Articles
Note:
Capitalise only the
first word of an article title, except
for proper nouns or acronyms. Every
(important) word in the title
of
a
journal
must
be
capitalised.
Do
not
capitalise
the
in
volume
for a journal
article.
You must
either
spell out
the entire
name of
each journal that
you
reference or use accepted
abbreviations. You must consistently do
one or the other. Staff at the
Reference Desk can suggest sources
of
accepted journal abbreviations.
You
may spell out words such as volume or December,
but you must
either
spell
out
all
such
occurrences
or
abbreviate
all.
You
do
not
need to abbreviate March, April, May,
June or July.
To indicate a page range
use pp. 111-222. If you refer to only one
page, use only p. 111.
Standard format
[#]
A.
A.
Author
of
article.
of
article,
Title
of
Journal
,
vol. #,
no. #, pp. page number/s, Month year.
Journal articles
[1] E. P. Wigner,
Phys.
Rev.,
vol. 134, pp.
A635-A646, Dec. 1965.
[2] J. U.
Duncombe,
of
feasability,
IEEE
Trans.
Electron.
Devices
,
vol.
ED-11,
pp. 34-39, Jan. 1959.
[3] G. Liu, K. Y. Lee, and H. F.
Jordan,
networks and shufflenets for
optical communications,
IEEE
Trans. Comp.
, vol. 46, pp.
695-701, June 1997.
OR
[4]
J.
R.
Beveridge
and
E.
M.
Riseman,
easy
is
matching
2D
line
models using local
search?
IEEE Transactions on Pattern
Analysis
and
Machine
Intelligence
,
vol.
19,
pp.
564-579,
June
1997.
[5]
I.
S.
Qamber,
graph
development
method,
Microelectronics
Reliability
, vol. 33, no. 9,
pp. 1387-1395, Dec. 1993.
[6] E. H.
Miller,
IEEE Transactions
on
Antennas and Propagation
, to be
published.
Electronic
documents
Note:
When you
cite an
electronic source
try to describe it in the
same way you
would describe a similar printed publication. If
possible,
give
sufficient
information
for
your
readers
to
retrieve
the
source themselves.
If only the first
page number is given, a plus sign indicates
following pages, eg. 26+. If page
numbers are not given, use
paragraph or
other section numbers if you need to be specific.
An electronic source may not always
contain clear author or
publisher
details.
The
access
information
will
usually
be
just
the
URL
of
the
source.
As
well
as
a
publication/revision
date
(if
there
is
one),
the
date
of
access
is
included
since
an
electronic
source
may
change
between
the time you cite it
and the time it is accessed by a reader.
E-Books
Standard
format
[#]
A.
Author.
Title
of
E-book
.
Place:
Publisher,
Date
of
original
publication. [Format] Available:
Source.
[1] L. Bass, P. Clements, and
R. Kazman.
Software Architecture in
Practice
,
2nd
ed.
Reading,
MA:
Addison
Wesley,
2003.
[E-book]
Available: Safari e-book.
[2]
T.
Eckes,
The
Developmental
Social
Psychology
of
Gender
.
Mahwah
NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum,
2000. [E-book] Available: netLibrary
e-book.
Article in online
encyclopaedia
[3] D. Ince,
A Dictionary of the
Internet
.
Oxford:
Oxford
University
Press,
2001.
[Online].
Available:
Oxford Reference Online, .
[Accessed: May 24, 2005].
[4]
W.
D.
Nance,
information
system,
in
The
Blackwell
Encyclopedic
Dictionary of Management Information
Systems
,
G.B. Davis, Ed.
Malden MA: Blackwell, 1999, pp. 138-144.
[E-book]. Available: NetLibrary e-book.
E-Journals
Standard format
[#] A. Author,
Title of
Journal
, vol., no.,
p.
page
numbers,
month
year.
[Format].
Available:
Database
Name
(if
appropriate)
,
internet
address.
[Accessed
date
of
access].
Journal
article abstract accessed from online
database
[1] M. T. Kimour
and D. Meslati,
in real-time embedded
systems,
Information and Software
Technology
, vol. 47, no. 8,
p. 533, June 2005. [Abstract].
Available: ProQuest, /proquest/.
[Accessed May 12, 2005].
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