-
MLA
格式是什么
？
我
们在留学写作业和论文的时候，经常会遇到外教要求用
MLA
格
式写作。
MLA
是一种常用的引用
格式
,
由于在外国
,
< br>文章中即使是一小句也不可以随便不加任何注释的引用
,
所以
MLA
格式很严谨。
MLA
引用格式。
Modern
Language Association
为美国现代语言协会制定的论文指导格式，
在一般
书写英语论文时应当使用
MLA
格式来保证学术著作的完整。与
MLA
格式相似，常用的还有<
/p>
APA
格式
、哈佛格式等等，下面我们详
细解读一下
MLA
格式，我们也为文章末尾大家准备了
MLA
格
式的论文写作规范
WORD
和
PDF
两个版本
供大家下载和使用！
关于
< br>“
美国文学
”
课程论文
MLA
格式的细则
Rubric of the Course Paper for
“American Literature”
thesis is written in English, including the
citation.(
全文用英文书写
,
包括引用文献。
)
are
some essential standard of a MLA paper? (MLA
论文基本要求
)Type your paper on a
computer and print it out on standard,
white 8.5 x 11-inch paper. Set the margins of your
thesis to
one-
inch
（
2.54
centimeters
）
on all sides.
The paper should be double-space typed. There is
one space
between every English words.
There is no space between the words and
punctuations. (
用
12
号新罗马
字体排版，双倍行距。页边距为
2.54
厘米，
16
开
A4
白色纸打印，英文单词之间相距一个空格。
单词和标点符号之间没有空
格。
)
to Create a Header?
如何编辑页眉？
Create a header in
the upper right-hand corner that
includes your family name, followed by
a space with the page number; number all pages
consecutively
with Arabic numerals (1,
2, 3, 4) and flush with the right margin. Omit the
page number on Page One.(
编
辑页
眉，将你的姓和页码标注在右上角，姓和页码之间有一个空格，不用标点符号；上面边距是
1.27
厘米，右边与正文部分对齐。
)
to deal with the first page?
第一页格式的处理。
In the upper left-
hand corner of the first page,
list
your name; your number and your class; the tutor’s
name; the course; and the date. The date in MLA
format s
hould be written as
“day month year.”: i.e. 29 December 2011(without
comma between each
word and the month
should not be abbreviated.) Be sure to use double
space. (
第一页左上角，纵向排
列你的名字；学号、班
级；指导老师的名字；课程名称；日期（格式是日月年，中间不用标点符
号，月份也不用
缩写，如：
29 December
2011
）
to write a
title?(
如何写标题？
)The title is
centered and written in 12-piont Times New Roman
font. The title is not bold,
underlined, or italicized. But use quotation mark
or italic(s) if your title
includes
works (an article, a poem, or a story) or a book
of others, do just as you would do in the text:
quote the title of the article, the
poem or the story while italicize the book. (
标题居中，用
12
号新罗马
字体。标题不用黑体，下划线或斜体，如果标题中有已出版的文章，文章部分用双引号，如果是
书籍，书籍部分用斜体。如：
Sybolism in “Young
Good Man Brown.”
或
Sybolism
in Scarlet Letter
。
to write an outline?
如何写提纲？（
(You are not required
to write an outline this time).
注意：
这次没有要求写提纲。）
As for the outline of
a MLA paper, there is a sample of outline on Page
38 of
the fifth edition of MLA Handbook
for Writers of Research Papers: A- level: I, II,
III, B-level: A, B, C; C-
level: 1, 2,
3; D-level:a, b, c, E-level: (1), (2), (3);
F-level: (a), (b), (c). (MLA
论文的题纲可以参考《<
/p>
MLA
科研论文写作规范》第五版
38<
/p>
页的提纲：
A
级：用大写罗马数字
I, II, III
等；
B
级：用大写英文字
母
A, B, C
< br>等；
C
级：用阿拉伯数字
1
、
2
、
3
等；
D
级：用小写英文字母
< br>a
，
b, c
等
;
E
级：用阿拉伯
数字加括号如
(1),
(2), (3);
F
级：用小写英文字母加括号，如：
(a), (b),
(c).)
7.
（如何写副标题？）
As for
the heading of the text, title the main
sections(B-level)
用不同的字体将
文章中
B
级标题和主标题区分开
:
如标题左对齐
,
词首字母用
12
号字体，其余用
10
号字体，大写
锁定键键入，如：主标题是：
Symbolis
m in “Young Good Man Brown”(
居中
)
，
B
级标题是
< br>SYMBOLIC
MEANING
OF
NATURE.
（左对齐），然后用两倍行距分行，开始正文部分；
C
级标题大写词首字母，
用斜体格式，不分行
，直接开始正文部分。如
: C
级标题
Symblic Meaning of the Forest
to
indent the first paragraph?
(
如何编辑段落？
)Indent the first
sentence of each paragraph
0.5inch.
Microsoft Word suggests using the Tab ky. (<
/p>
每一段第一句缩进半英寸（
1.75
厘米
），用
Tab
键。
many parts are there basically in a
thesis? (
论文最基本应该包括几部分？
)The
thesis should
have an introductory
paragraph, body paragraphs for developing ideas
and a paragraph for conclusion.
(
论文应该包括一段引言部分、几段论证部分和一段结论部分。
)
to write the introduction? Is it the
introduction of the author or the introduction of
the plot of
the story? (
如何写论
文的引言部分？它是作者的生平介绍吗？它是小说的故事情节介绍吗？
) No,
The introduction is neither the
introduction of the author nor that of the plot of
the story you study. It is
an
introduction of the paper you are writing. It
should set the context for the rest of the paper.
It tells
your readers why you are
writing and why your topic is important. It ends
with a thesis statement which
is the
position you will develop and support throughout
the paper. The thesis statement guides and
controls your paper.(
引言部分既不是
你所研究的文章的作者介绍，也不是作品的故事情节介绍，而
是对你写的论文大致介绍。
它为整篇文章定下基调，告知读者你的论文的必要性和重要性；引言
部分用一个句子作为
全文中心论点结束，中心论点是需要论证阐释的观点，指导和控制全文，使
整篇文章不至
于偏题。
)
to Make the Ideas of
a Long Thesis Easier for the Reader to Grasp? (
如何使一篇篇幅较长的论
文便于读者理解？
)
If your thesis is a long one, you may want to
write about how your paper is
organized. This can help your reader to
follow your ideas.(
如果你的论文比较长，在引言之后接下来
一段，你可以介绍你论文的结构，便于读者理解你的观点。
)
are the elements for the body
paragraphs?
（正文段落的有哪些要素？）
Body paragraphs
have these four elements: a transition,
a topic sentence, evidence and a brief wrap-up
sentence. At the
beginning of your
developing paragraphs, make sure you have
transitory words, phrases or paragraphs
to have each part connected
logicall
y together. You’d better begin
each paragraph with a topic sentence
and several other sentences of
instances to support it, and the last sentence to
wrap up for a conclusion
while
transitioning to the next paragraph.(
每一
个自然段开始，要注意用过渡段的连接词，词组或句
子，把每一部分串联成一个符合逻辑
的整体。每一段开始用一个中心句，接下来用列子证明，句
与句之间要有表示逻辑关系的
词，词组，最后用一句话概括整段大意
,
并与下一段自然过渡。
)
to quote in the text?
(
如何在正文中引用文献？
)In-text
citations occur after the quote but
before the period. The
author’s/authors’ name/s go before the page number
with no comma in
between.
i.e. “A lone woman is troubled with
such dreams and such thoughts that she’s afraid of
herself
sometimes” (Hawthorne 431). If
you go on to quote the same work, put the page
number in a bracket
only. i.e. “She’s a
blessed angel on earth; and after this
one
night I’ll cling to her
skirts and follow her to
heaven”(432).
文中引用文献的标注在引用部分后面，句号前面，作者姓空格页码，中间没有逗
号），如果同一页引用同一作品，则只标页码。
block quote when quotations are longer
than four-typed lines. Block quotations begin on a
new
line, are double-spaced and
indented one-inch from the margin. Do not use
quotation marks. The
citation
information (the author’s name and the page
number) follow.
（如果被引用的部分超过三行，
则引用整段。整段引用另起一行，双倍行距，自页边空白整体缩进一英寸（
2.54
厘米），不用引
号，末尾添加引用来源（作者姓空格页码）。<
/p>
you delete words from the
original quote, insert an ellipsis, three periods
with a space before and
after each one.
(
如果你去掉引文中的一些单词，用省略号（三个前后有空格的小圆点）。
a source has more than three
authors, use the first author’s surname followed
by “et al.” i.e.
(Barker et al. 23)
（如果文献作者是三位以上，文中引用只用第一位作者的姓，后面是空格加
“et
al.
再空格加页码）
on from a website:
A. If the
website has no page number,you simply use the
author's surname after the period.i.e.
B. If you cite an indirect source,
words quoted in another source. ie.( author's
surname).
C. Source with an unknown
author is cited by a shortened title.(The first
word of the title with a
quotation
mark:i.e.
sion wrap up what you have
discussed in your paper. Because it is B-level,
the first paragraph
is not indented. (<
/p>
结尾部分总结论文中讨论的话题。因它是
B
级标题，第一段不缩进。
)
to Use
Endnotes? (
如何使用尾注？）
Use endnotes to explain something that
doesn’t fit in
with the rest of the
paragraph. Avoid lengthy discussion in the
endnote. Endnote begins on a new page
after the paper but before the Work/s
Cited page. Double space all entries and indent
each entry 0.5
inch from the margin.
（如果有和本段不相吻合，可以用尾注加以详细解释。尾注要简洁，避免冗
长的讨论。尾注在正文后另起一页，置于文献引用页之前，用双行距，左对齐，页边距是半英寸，
< p>即
1.75
厘米。
to format the Work/s Cited page
?(
引用作品格式）
The
Work/s Cited page is a list of all the sources you
cited in your paper. It includes books, journals,
magazines, online resources, films, CD-
Rom, interview
，
classroom
notes, blog, e-mail, diaries, etc.
（
“
引
用作品
”
页是在你论文最后列出你文中引用的信息的来源
,
包括书籍，期刊，报刊，网络，电影，
光盘，访谈，课堂笔记，博客，电子邮件，日
记等）
The Works Cited page
begins on a new page. Center the title Works Cited
without underlining, bolding,
italicizing it. If there is only one
entry, write Work Cited.
引用作品页置于尾注页之后，另起
一页。将
Works Cited
的标题居中，不加下划线，
不加斜体。如果只引用一项，则用单数
“Work
Cited.
List the entries in
the alphebetically order.
按照字母表的顺序排列。
MLA
now requires all sources to have a publication
marker. For example, books receive the marker
“print” after the citation. Online
sources have the marker of
-Rom,
E-mail, Blog for resources
from CD-Rom,
E-mail, and Blog respectively.
现在
MLA
要求所有引用文献要有一个
“
出版标志
.
比如，
书藉后用<
/p>
网络信息用
光盘
用
CD-Rom
，博客用
Blog.<
/p>
电子邮件用
e-mail.(
详见以下例
子。）
If a source
doesn’t have a list of publisher, and you can
infer who the publisher is. Place the publisher’s
name in brackets.(
如果原文没有出版社，
但你能够猜到出版商是谁，可以用括号把出版商括起来。
Online Resources Citation:
MLA no long requires URLs in the Works
Cited, instead, you must write “web”
before the date of access in the entry.
This serves as the entry’s publication marker.
butors'
names.
access.
对于网络信息，
MLA
不再要求给出
详细网址，但你必须在你访问网址的时间之前注明
“Web”
作
为出版标记。如：作者姓，名
.
“
文章名
”.
网站，最后编辑日月年
. Web.
访问日月年
.
Russell,
Tony, Allen Brizee, and Elizabeth Angeli.
Purdue U Writing Lab, 4 Apr. 2010. Web.
20 July 2010.
Note:
短篇小说课本引用格式：小说作者姓，
名
.
“
文章标题
.”
论文集名称
. Ed.
论文集编者名姓
.
出
版地
:
出版社
,
出版年代
.
起始页码
.Print.
Lawrence,D.H.
ed. New York:
Norton, 1995. 543-559. Print.
-------------------
注意：
1.
现在
MLA
不再在书名下用下划线，而是用斜体字。
2.
现在
MLA
要求用
print
标记公开出版的纸质刊物的出版特征，包括书，杂志，报纸。
3.
现在
MLA
不要求网络信息的详细网址，但要用
Web
标记信息来源的出版特征。
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