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外国论文格式

作者:高考题库网
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2021-03-01 12:35
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2021年3月1日发(作者:practice)


外国论文格式




【篇一:一般国外论文写法概述


(1)





同学:




你好!




感 谢你对我们公司英文撰稿人岗位的关注,以下是国外论文写法的


一个概述以及写论文时需 要注意的问题,相信在你仔细阅读都对国


外论文的写作会有一个大致的了解,希望能给你 在测试或者以后合


作得过程中有所帮助,谢谢!




——————————————————————————— ——


——————————



1.


老师一般的任务有


report



essay


之分,


report

< p>


essay


相比,


主要 多了


executive summary





table of the co ntent


之分,


report



essay


中一般要求有


introduc tion



conclusion



essay


中主要有三大块


intro duction




main body



conclusion


, 其中


main body


尽量少用标题。



2. introduction


的写法。


introductio n


的四个主要部分,文章的写


作背景,作者的目的,对




读者的作用和文章的结构。



3. executive summary


的写法。写的几个方面和


introduction



不多,而


executive summary



< br>注重阐明文章的结论,而


introduction


注重 阐述文章的结构。



4.


老师主要 从三个方面对文章进行审查,一是格式,二是语言,三


是内容。格式主要是指

< p>


reference


以及文章的大致安排符合 要求,具体见附件部分,语言


主要是看是否符合学术性语言,不要出现口语化的词语或句 子。例


如:文章中不要出现


i


等指代不 明的词语。可以换成


the author


< br>代替。不要出现


we



us



their


的词语,可用


it can be concluded


that


来替代。尽量不要用太绝对的语言,用的话请引用


reference

< br>证明。内容主要是看文章是否跑题,只要按老师给的作业要求来写


就成,当然如果 有拿不准的地方,可以询问老师或者先做一份提纲


发给老师看看。



5. reference


的写法。见附件部分。




请注意出现在文章最好


refere nce


的部分一定要在文章中标识出来。


例如文章出现句子:< /p>


that is to say, the rise of the competitive


industries is not alone, and it usually is associated with a


strong rise of the relevant domestic industry (porter, 1990).


reference


中就会出现



porter, m. (1990) the competitive advantage of nations. new


york: free press.




两个作者中间用连接 ,三个作者时,第一二个中间用逗号,第二三


个作者中间用连接。




其他具体的可以看附件部分关于


reference


的写法。



6.


全文都要求用


times new romen,

< p>
小四,正文部分两端对齐,


1.5


倍行距。



7.


英国引用数据分定性数据(一些结论 性的语言)和定量数据,对


于这些数据作者要用


referen ce


标识出来。


reference


的引用标准是


1000


词最少


5



reference



8.


文章的字数是从


int roduction


算到


conclusion


,字数要控制在


不多余或少于文章要求字数的


50


字。



9.


最 重要的是不要抄袭,国外有很厉害的反抄袭软件,一般只要是


抄袭的(比如在网页上黏贴 的或是英文学术论文的句子)都查得出


来,即使是抄以前自己写过的文章也会被认为是抄 袭,所以作者需


要对看过的东西进行加工,比如同义词替代,改变句式。有时候作


者没改词语只是对句子进行变换也是抄袭,文章有


10%


以上的内容


是抄袭就会被认为是废品。所以请大家注意千万不要抄袭。



reference


的哈佛格式




参考文献的重要性:



1

< p>
、老师拿到文章,首先就是看文章最后的参考文献格式,如果格式


错误,文 章会直接判不过,希望引起足够重视!



2

< br>、参考文献的个数一般是每


1000


< br>5


个,坚决不要中国的参考文


献,包括华裔的,所以,请 注意!!



references


写法




weig, e. d. roth, a.v. (2007) ‘b2b seller competence:


construct development and measurement using a supply chain


strategy lens’, journal of operations management, 25(6),


pp.1311-1331


杂志的写法



该文献在文中的表示方 法为:



rosenzweig roth

< br>,


2007




cairncross, f. (2001) the death of distance: how the


communication revolution will change our lives. 2nd edn.


boston: harvard business school press.


书的文献



该文献在文


中的表示方法为:(


cairncross



2001





leiner, b. m et al. (2005) ‘a brief history of the internet’.


internet society [online]



available at: .cn/article/2006/0505/


(accessed: 30 march 2010).


找到作者但是没有找到文章明的网络


资源



该文献在文中的表示方法为:(


qing



2006




apple quick time (2002) available at:/quicktime/ (accessed: 23


august 2003).


找不到作者的网络资源文献


< br>该文献在文中的表示方法


为:(


apple quick time



2002





franklin, a. w. (2002) ‘management of the problem’, in smith,


s.m. (ed.) the maltreatment of children. lancaster: mtp, pp.83



95.


书中一部分的参考文献



该文献在文中 的表示方法为:(


franklin



2002




(2003) (accessed: 5 september 2003).


找不到作者以及文章 名该


文献在文中的表示方法为:(


/dvideo/

< p>


2003




备注:这个文献一般不推荐使用




cox, a. currall, j. (2001) ‘do they need to know’, ariadne, issue


30, december



[online]. available at: /issue30/ (accessed:


23


november


2002).


网 络杂志的写法,该文献在文中的表示方法为:



cox cur rall



2001




【篇二:国外应用文和学术论文的格式】




application paper



the purpose of the application paper is to give you an


opportunity to apply the concepts of psychology to your


everyday life. the application paper requires you to integrate a


theory from the information weve studied with an event or


events from



your personal experience. in other words, you are to use a


theory to analyze and to explain something that has taken


place in your life. this is not a theoretical review paper nor is it


a simple report of a personal experience. an in-depth review of


the theoretical material that you are going to discuss is not


necessary. this is simply repeating what i can find in our text


or in class notes. it would be unnecessary work for you to use


space to provide an in-depth review of material already


available. instead, your task becomes one of using this


knowledge to consider viable explanations for your and/or


others behavior. you want to use your example as an


illustration of the theory youve chosen, with your goal being to


convince me that you actually do understand what the theory


and concepts are all about.



*technical presentation covers :



* paper title



* the abstract



* the introduction



* related work



* the body



* performance experiments



* the conclusions * future work * the acknowledgements *


citations * appendices



* grammar and small-scale presentation issues * mechanics



* versions and distribution



tips for writing technical papers



, january 2006 ? here are the notes from a presentation i gave


at the friday lunch, 1/27/06, with a few (not many) revisions


when i reprised the talk on 12/4/09. the presentation covered: ?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



?



? running example



as a running (fictitious!) example, suppose youve designed


and run experiments with a new algorithm for external


multipass merge- sort. your algorithm reduces the complexity


from o(n log n) to o(n), under the premise that its acceptable to


have some bounded unsortedness in the result. you plan to


write up the results for submission to a major conference.



note: this example was used throughout the live presentation


but i havent followed through much in these notes. thus, the


notes include several exercises for the reader.



paper title



titles can be long and descriptive:linear-time external


multipass sorting ?



with approximation guarantees



or short and sweet:



? approximate external sort



heres a middle-of-the-road length, plus a cute name that sticks


in peoples minds:



? floosh: a linear-time algorithm for approximate external sort



the abstract



state the problem, your approach and solution, and the main


contributions of the paper. include little if any background and


motivation. be factual but comprehensive. the material in the


abstract should not be repeated later word for word in the


paper.



(exercise: write an abstract for the multiway sort example.)



the introduction



the introduction is crucially important. by the time a referee


has finished the introduction, hes probably made an initial


decision about whether to accept or reject the paper -- hell


read the rest of the paper looking for evidence to support his


decision. a casual reader will continue on if the introduction


captivated him, and will set the paper aside otherwise. again,


the introduction is crucially is the s patented


five-point structure for introductions. unless theres a good


argument against it, the introduction should consist of five


paragraphs answering the following five questions:



? what is the problem?



? why is it interesting and important?



? why is it hard? (e.g., why do naive approaches fail?)



? why hasnt it been solved before? (or, whats wrong with


previous proposed solutions? how does mine differ?)



? what are the key components of my approach and results?


also include any specific limitations.



(exercise: answer these questions for the multiway sort


example.)


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