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外国论文格式
【篇一:一般国外论文写法概述
(1)
】
同学:
你好!
感
谢你对我们公司英文撰稿人岗位的关注,以下是国外论文写法的
一个概述以及写论文时需
要注意的问题,相信在你仔细阅读都对国
外论文的写作会有一个大致的了解,希望能给你
在测试或者以后合
作得过程中有所帮助,谢谢!
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1.
老师一般的任务有
report
和
p>
essay
之分,
report
与
essay
相比,
主要
多了
executive summary
和
table of the co
ntent
之分,
report
与
p>
essay
中一般要求有
introduc
tion
和
conclusion
。
essay
中主要有三大块
intro
duction
,
main
body
和
conclusion
,
其中
main
body
尽量少用标题。
2.
introduction
的写法。
introductio
n
的四个主要部分,文章的写
作背景,作者的目的,对
读者的作用和文章的结构。
3.
executive summary
的写法。写的几个方面和
introduction
差
不多,而
executive summary
< br>注重阐明文章的结论,而
introduction
注重
阐述文章的结构。
4.
老师主要
从三个方面对文章进行审查,一是格式,二是语言,三
是内容。格式主要是指
reference
以及文章的大致安排符合
要求,具体见附件部分,语言
主要是看是否符合学术性语言,不要出现口语化的词语或句
子。例
如:文章中不要出现
i
等指代不
明的词语。可以换成
the author
来
< br>代替。不要出现
we
,
us
p>
,
their
的词语,可用
it can be concluded
that
来替代。尽量不要用太绝对的语言,用的话请引用
reference
< br>证明。内容主要是看文章是否跑题,只要按老师给的作业要求来写
就成,当然如果
有拿不准的地方,可以询问老师或者先做一份提纲
发给老师看看。
5.
reference
的写法。见附件部分。
请注意出现在文章最好
refere
nce
的部分一定要在文章中标识出来。
例如文章出现句子:<
/p>
that is to say, the rise of the
competitive
industries is not alone,
and it usually is associated with a
strong rise of the relevant domestic
industry (porter, 1990).
reference
中就会出现
porter, m. (1990) the competitive
advantage of nations. new
york: free
press.
两个作者中间用连接
,三个作者时,第一二个中间用逗号,第二三
个作者中间用连接。
其他具体的可以看附件部分关于
reference
的写法。
6.
全文都要求用
times new romen,
小四,正文部分两端对齐,
1.5
倍行距。
7.
英国引用数据分定性数据(一些结论
性的语言)和定量数据,对
于这些数据作者要用
referen
ce
标识出来。
reference
的引用标准是
1000
词最少
5
个
reference
。
8.
文章的字数是从
int
roduction
算到
conclusion
,字数要控制在
不多余或少于文章要求字数的
50
p>
字。
9.
最
重要的是不要抄袭,国外有很厉害的反抄袭软件,一般只要是
抄袭的(比如在网页上黏贴
的或是英文学术论文的句子)都查得出
来,即使是抄以前自己写过的文章也会被认为是抄
袭,所以作者需
要对看过的东西进行加工,比如同义词替代,改变句式。有时候作
者没改词语只是对句子进行变换也是抄袭,文章有
10%
以上的内容
是抄袭就会被认为是废品。所以请大家注意千万不要抄袭。
reference
的哈佛格式
参考文献的重要性:
1
、老师拿到文章,首先就是看文章最后的参考文献格式,如果格式
错误,文
章会直接判不过,希望引起足够重视!
2
< br>、参考文献的个数一般是每
1000
字
< br>5
个,坚决不要中国的参考文
献,包括华裔的,所以,请
注意!!
references
写法
weig, e. d. roth, a.v. (2007) ‘b2b
seller competence:
construct
development and measurement using a supply chain
strategy lens’, journal of operations
management, 25(6),
pp.1311-1331
杂志的写法
该文献在文中的表示方
法为:
(
rosenzweig roth
< br>,
2007
)
cairncross, f. (2001) the death of
distance: how the
communication
revolution will change our lives. 2nd edn.
boston: harvard business school press.
书的文献
该文献在文
中的表示方法为:(
cairncross
,
2001
)
leiner, b. m et al. (2005) ‘a brief
history of the internet’.
internet
society [online]
available
at: .cn/article/2006/0505/
(accessed:
30 march 2010).
找到作者但是没有找到文章明的网络
资源
该文献在文中的表示方法为:(
qing
,
2006
)
apple quick time (2002)
available at:/quicktime/ (accessed: 23
august
2003).
找不到作者的网络资源文献
< br>该文献在文中的表示方法
为:(
apple quick
time
,
2002
)
franklin, a. w.
(2002) ‘management of the problem’, in smith,
s.m. (ed.) the maltreatment of
children. lancaster: mtp,
pp.83
–
95.
书中一部分的参考文献
该文献在文中
的表示方法为:(
franklin
,
2002
)
(2003)
(accessed: 5 september 2003).
找不到作者以及文章
名该
文献在文中的表示方法为:(
/dvideo/
,
2003
)
备注:这个文献一般不推荐使用
cox, a. currall, j. (2001) ‘do they
need to know’, ariadne, issue
30,
december
[online].
available at: /issue30/ (accessed:
23
november
2002).
网
络杂志的写法,该文献在文中的表示方法为:
(
cox cur
rall
,
2001
)
【篇二:国外应用文和学术论文的格式】
application
paper
the purpose of the
application paper is to give you an
opportunity to apply the concepts of
psychology to your
everyday life. the
application paper requires you to integrate a
theory from the information weve
studied with an event or
events
from
your personal
experience. in other words, you are to use a
theory to analyze and to explain
something that has taken
place in your
life. this is not a theoretical review paper nor
is it
a simple report of a personal
experience. an in-depth review of
the
theoretical material that you are going to discuss
is not
necessary. this is simply
repeating what i can find in our text
or in class notes. it would be
unnecessary work for you to use
space
to provide an in-depth review of material already
available. instead, your task becomes
one of using this
knowledge to consider
viable explanations for your and/or
others behavior. you want to use your
example as an
illustration of the
theory youve chosen, with your goal being to
convince me that you actually do
understand what the theory
and concepts
are all about.
*technical
presentation covers :
*
paper title
* the
abstract
* the
introduction
* related
work
* the body
* performance experiments
* the conclusions * future work * the
acknowledgements *
citations *
appendices
* grammar and
small-scale presentation issues *
mechanics
* versions and
distribution
tips for
writing technical papers
,
january 2006 ? here are the notes from a
presentation i gave
at the friday
lunch, 1/27/06, with a few (not many) revisions
when i reprised the talk on 12/4/09.
the presentation covered: ?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
? running
example
as a running
(fictitious!) example, suppose youve designed
and run experiments with a new
algorithm for external
multipass merge-
sort. your algorithm reduces the complexity
from o(n log n) to o(n), under the
premise that its acceptable to
have
some bounded unsortedness in the result. you plan
to
write up the results for submission
to a major conference.
note: this example was used throughout the live
presentation
but i havent followed
through much in these notes. thus, the
notes include several exercises for the
reader.
paper
title
titles can be long
and descriptive:linear-time external
multipass sorting ?
with approximation
guarantees
or short and
sweet:
? approximate
external sort
heres a
middle-of-the-road length, plus a cute name that
sticks
in peoples minds:
? floosh: a linear-time algorithm for
approximate external sort
the abstract
state the
problem, your approach and solution, and the main
contributions of the paper. include
little if any background and
motivation. be factual but
comprehensive. the material in the
abstract should not be repeated later
word for word in the
paper.
(exercise: write an abstract for the
multiway sort example.)
the introduction
the
introduction is crucially important. by the time a
referee
has finished the introduction,
hes probably made an initial
decision
about whether to accept or reject the paper --
hell
read the rest of the paper looking
for evidence to support his
decision. a
casual reader will continue on if the introduction
captivated him, and will set the paper
aside otherwise. again,
the
introduction is crucially is the s patented
five-point structure for introductions.
unless theres a good
argument against
it, the introduction should consist of five
paragraphs answering the following five
questions:
? what is the
problem?
? why is it
interesting and important?
? why is it hard? (e.g., why do naive approaches
fail?)
? why hasnt it been
solved before? (or, whats wrong with
previous proposed solutions? how does
mine differ?)
? what are
the key components of my approach and results?
also include any specific
limitations.
(exercise:
answer these questions for the multiway sort
example.)
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