APA 格式指南

引述六个以上的作者时，可直接用

第一个作者的姓

+ et al.

表达。

页码可 置于文献出版（或发表）的时间（年）后或引述的句子后。但无论选

择哪一种，在论文中 最好前后统一，例如，用

“:”

或

“p./pp.”

不能交替使用。例

如：

Messick (1989:20) presents what he call

s a ?progressive matrix?.

Hu (1994:5~6) points out that text studies in the 1960s and early 1970s are more

or less

concerned with “text grammar” and textual “grammaticality”.

Messick (1989, p. 20) presents what he calls a ?progressive matrix?.

Hu (1994, pp. 5~6) points out that text studies in the 1960s and early 1970s are

more or less concerned with “text grammar” and textual “grammaticality”.

Gould

(1989)

explains

that

Darwin

used

the

metaphor

of

the

tree

of

life

“to

express the other form of interconnectedness

–

genealogical rather than ecological

–

and to illustrate both success and failure in the history of life”

(p. 14).

Hu (1994) points out that text studies in the 1960s and early 1970s are more or

less concerned with “text grammar” and textual “grammaticality” (pp. 5~6).

若引文过长（超过

50

词），则列为一段。例如：

Lorenz (1999) voiced a very similar view that because in written communication,

coherence cannot be explicitly negotiated face-to-face between text producer and text

receiver,

“writers therefore have

every reason

for trying to be u

nequivocal

and

to

make

their

ideas,

intentions

and

arguments

unmistakably

clear. One way of doing this is to carefully signal logical relations

and

thereby

?signpost?

the

path

to

coherence

for

the

reader.

Consequently,

when

looking

at

the

fabrication

of

coherence

in

written discourse, we need to pay special attention to those explicit

signposts of coherence, i.e. the text?s cohesive ties” (p. 55).

当引述的 作者不做句子成分，句中出现作者的原句或原词时，作者姓、出版

年及页码都应放置句子 后的括号里，顺序为：姓、出版年，页码，如例句

a),b)

；

若句中未出现作者的原句或原词时，只将作者姓、出版年放置句子后的括号里，

顺序为：姓、出版年，如例句

c), d)

。例如：

a) The first criticism is that the text-based researchers choose to study the

text itself for “methodological convenience” (G

ivó

n, 1995:59).

b)

One

validates

not

a

test,

but

?a

principle

for

making

inferences?

(Cronbach & Meehl, 1955:297).

c)

This

approach

tends

to

assume

an

automatisation

or

practice

view

of

learning (Bruton, 2002).

d)

During

the

1970s

there

were

considerable

moves

within

language

teaching to embrace the communicative approach (Brumfit & Johnson, 1979).

（

2

）

转述（

Citation from a secondary source

）

当不是从原作中引述 ，

而是从别人的文献中引用时，

使用下例的形式。

例如：

If construct validity is seen as an exhaustive process that can be accomplished

over

a

50-year

period,

test

developers

may

be

inclined

to

think

that

any

validity

information

is

good

enough

in

the

short

run

(Shepard

1993:

444,

cited

in

Chapelle

1998).

（

3

）

从论文集中引述（

Citation from a thesis collection

）

引用论 文集的文章时，

应引用具体文章作者而不是论文集的主编的名字，

例

如：

M. A. Gernsbacher and T. Givó

nhave edited a thesis collection named

Coherence

in Spontaneous Text

. In it, there is an article named Aspects of coherence in written

language: a psychological perspective written by A. Sanfordand and L. Moxey. When

citing the content from this article, you should follow this format:

Obviously

Reinhart?

s

criterion

of

relevance

is

in

fact

obviously

psychological,

since

“relevance

can

only

be

defined

with

respect

to

background

knowledge,

and

reasoning processes” (Sanford & Moxey 1995:163).

对应的文献表达的方式为：

Sanford,

A.

&

Moxey,

L.

1995.

Aspects

of

coherence

in

written

language:

a

psychological

perspective.

In

Gernsbacher,

M.

A.

&

Givon,

T.

(Eds.),

Coherence

in

Spontaneous

Text.

pp.

161-187.

Amsterdam/Philadelphia:

John

Benjamins Publishing Company.

（

4

）

引述中国学者文献（

Citation from A Chinese literature

）

用英语写作时，应将要引述的内容、作者及出版单位译成英语。例如：

For

example,

text

studies

in

the

1960s

and

early

1970s

were

more

or

less

concerned with “text grammar” and textual “grammaticality” (Hu, 1994:5

~6).

These scholars chose to study coherence as a social phenomenon, rather than a

mental phenomenon (Zhu & Yan, 2001).

对应的文献表达的方式为：

Hu, Z. 1994.

Discourse Cohesion and Coherence

(In Chinese). Shanghai: Shanghai

Foreign Language Education Pre ss.

（胡壮麟，《语篇的衔接与连贯》，上海

外语教育出版社 。）

Zhu, Y. & Yan, S. 2001.

Reflections on Systemic-Functional Linguistics

(In Chinese).

Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.

（朱永生

,

严世清，

《系

统功能语言学多维思考》，上海外语教 育出版社）。

注意：在英语论文中，不可将中国学者的全名写 出，也不能直接用汉语写。

如（

Hu Zhuanglin, 1994

）；（胡壮麟，

1994

）< /p>

或

（胡，< /p>

1994

）等形式都是不对

的。

（

5

）

其他（

Others

）

关于重复引用。

在同一段落中 ，连续两次或两次以上引用同一文献时（中间没

有引用其他的文献），从第二次开始，不 重复文献作者的姓和出版年代，而是用

ibid.

代替。如所引 内容在不同页码，可以在

ibid.

之后加上页码。例如：

A principle of text sequencing is that “without overt indications to the contrary,

the

order

of

mention

of

certain

items

may

be

assumed

to

reflect

the

order

of

these

items in reality or in our conceptualization of reality” (Dik, 1997:435). This equals to

say that textual description of events or states-of- affairs should follow either the order

which actually exists in the worlds described or the order in which we perceive the

worlds.

As

Dik

(ibid.:436)

further

points

out,

“as

long

as

the

ordering

within

the

discourse

is

in

accordance

with

these

natural

defaults,

this

adds

to

the

overall

coherence.

Where

such

orders

are

shifted

around,

overt

markers

must

warn

the

interpreter of this marked situation”.

有时论文中不是直接或间接引用文献 ，

而只是为了描述或介绍研究现状而提

及某些文献，往往同时提 及多种文献。

在这种情况下可以采用如下格式

（注意使