毕业论文文中引用和文后参考文献格式

As key aspects of learning are not stable

，

but changeable

，

this

opens

the

way

for

the

role

of

the

teacher

as

the

pre- eminent

mediator

in

the

process

”

2

）来自专著的直接 引语，作者姓名在文中没有出现

格式：作者姓名

出版年份：页码。

例如：

“我们所懂得的只是实体存在的片段，

可以肯定地说，

一切具有重大意义的理

论至多只能是部分地真实，但这不应作为放弃理论 研究的借口”

(Chomsky

1979:48)

。

“

One

reason

perhaps

is

that

the

Chinese

audience

are

more

familiar

with

and

receptive to Western culture than the average English readers is to Chinese culture

”

（

Fung 1995:71

）

．

3

）如果引述的内容为大段原文

（超过四行）

，所引原文左边双倍缩进（即

8

个字

，右边与上下文对齐。

引文一般用冒号引出，引文不加引号。

1

例如：

He

is

aware

of

the

politics

of

his

choice

and

that

English

is

not

the

natural

medium for his social novel. He describes his process of creation thus:

I

found,

while

writing

spontaneously,

that

I

was

always

translating

dialogue

from

the

original

Punjabi

into

English.

The

way

in

which

my

mother said something in the dialect of central Punjabi could not have been

expressed

in

any

other

way

except

in

an

almost

literal

translation,

which

might

carry

over

the

sound

and

the

sense

of

the

original

speech.

I

also

found, that I was dreaming or thinking or brooding over two-thirds of the

prose

narrative

in

Punjabi,

or

n

Hindustani

and

only

one-third

in

the

English

language.

This

happened

usually

while

I

was

writing

stories

and

novels. (Anand 1979:36)

注意上述例子中句号与括号的相应位置。

4

）来自某篇文章的直接引语，作者姓名在文中没有出现

格式：作者姓名（英文只注姓）

出版年月

例如：

“Everything rests on the notion that there is such a thing as< /p>

‘

just

’

w ords

—

but there

isn’t.”

（

Baston 1972

）

5

）来自专著的间接引语，作者的姓名在文中已经提到

格式：出版年份：引文页码

例如：

According to Alun Rees

（

1986:234

）

，

the writers focus on the unique contribution

that each individual learner brings to the learning situation.

6

）来自专著的间接引语，作者的姓名 在文中没有提到

格式：

作者姓名

出版年份；引文页码

例如：

It may be true that in the appreciation of medieval art the attitude of the observer

is of primary importance

（

Robertson 1987:136

）

.

注：如所述观点可直接从原文找到，用（

c.f.: Robertson 1987:136)

7

）提到某人的观点（没有提到姓名）

格式：作者姓名，发表年份

例如：

This point has been argued before (Frye 1998).

A number of studies do not find texts with long series of Terms which derive from

a single semantic field (Thompson 1985; Francis 1989/1990).

参考文献：

（专著类）

Adams, M. J. 1990.

Beginning to Read: Thinking and Learning about Print

[M].

Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

2