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用户投稿手册

Use of wordprocessing software

It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the wordprocessor used. The text

should

be

in

single- column

format.

Keep

the

layout

of

the

text

as

simple

as

possible.

Most

formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use

the wordprocessor's options to justify text or to

hyphenate words

. However, do use bold face,

italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, u

se only

one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row.

If no grid is used,

use tabs, not

spaces,

to align columns. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of

conventional

manuscripts

(see

also

the

Guide

to

Publishing

with

Elsevier:

/guidepublication

).

Note

that

source

files

of

figures,

tables

and

text

graphics will be required whether or not you embed your figures in the text. See also the section

on Electronic artwork.

To

avoid

unnecessary

errors

you

are

strongly

advised

to

use

the

'

spell- check

'

and

'

grammar-check

' functions of your wordprocessor.

Article structure

Authors should use a scientific/engineering attitude towards their analyses. The

numbers computed should have the appropriate number of significant figures.

Please do not use more significant figures than the observations allow (i.e., for

most surveys 2 or 3 are sufficient). Decimal fractions should have a leading zero,

e.g.

0.001 rather than .001

Authors are encouraged to look at the articles recently published inthe journal to

understand the aims of the journal.

Essential title page information

?

Title.

Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval

systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.

?

Author names and affiliations.

Where the family name may be ambiguous

(e.g.,

a

double

name),

please

indicate

this

clearly.

Present

the

authors'

affiliation

addresses

(where

the

actual

work

was

done)

below

the

names.

Indicate all

affiliations with a lower-case superscript

letter immediately after the

author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal

address

of

each

affiliation,

including

the

country

name

and,

if

available,

the

e-mail address of each author

.

?

Corresponding author.

Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at

all

stages

of

refereeing

and

publication,

also

post-publication.

Ensure

that

telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided

in

addition

to

the

e-mail

address

and

the

complete

postal

address.

Contact details must be kept up to date by the corresponding author.

?

Present/permanent

address.

If

an

author

has

moved

since

the

work

described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a 'Present address'

(or 'Permanent address') may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name.

The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the

main,

affiliation

address.

Superscript

Arabic

numerals

are

used

for

such

footnotes.

Abstract

A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the

purpose

of

the

research,

the

principal

results

and

major

conclusions.

An

abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to

stand

alone. For this reason,

References should

be

avoided,

but

if essential,

then

cite

the

author(s)

and

year(s).

Also,

non-standard

or

uncommon

abbreviations should be avoided,

but if essential they must be defined at their

first mention in the abstract itself.

The abstract should

not be more than 100 words.

Keywords

The

first

page

of

the

manuscript

should

also

contain

a

short

list

of

carefully

chosen keywords or content indicators.

Acknowledgements

Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before

the

references

and

do

not,

therefore,

include

them

on

the

title

page,

as

a

footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help

during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof

reading the article, etc.).

Artwork

Electronic artwork

General points

? Make sure you use

uniform lettering and sizing

of your original artwork.

字体和字号一致

? Save text in illustrations as 'graphics' or enclose the font.

? Only use th

e following fonts in your illustrations:

Arial, Courier

, Times, Symbol.

插图字体

?

Number the illustration

s according to their sequence in the text.

插图安先后顺序排序

? Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.

? Provide

captions

to illustrations separately.

插图说明

? Produce images near to the

desired size

of the printed version.

? Submit each figure

as a separate file.

分别提交插图

A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our website:

er

.com/ artworkinstructions

You

are

urged

to

visit

this

site;

some

excerpts

from

the

detailed

information are given here.

Formats

Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised,

please 'save as' or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the

resolution

requirements

for

line

drawings,

halftones,

and

line/halftone

combinations given below):

EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as 'graphics'.

TIFF: Color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300

dpi.

TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.

TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale): a minimum

of 500 dpi is required.

If

your

electronic

artwork

is

created

in

a

Microsoft

Office

application

(Word,

PowerPoint, Excel) then please supply 'as is'.

Please do not:

? Supply files that are optimised for screen use (e.g., GIF

, BMP

, PICT

, WPG); the

resolution is too low;

? Supply files that a

re too low in resolution;

? Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.

Color artwork

Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF

, EPS or MS

Office

files)

and

with

the

correct

resolution.

If,

together

with

your

accepted

article, you submit usable color figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional

charge, that these figures will appear in color on the Web (e.g., ScienceDirect

and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced

in

color

in

the

printed

version.

For

color

reproduction

in

print,

you

will

receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of

your accepted article.

Please indicate your preference for color: in print or on

the Web only. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork,

please see

er

.com/artworkinstructions

.

Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting

color figures to 'gray scale' (for the printed version should you not opt for color

in print) please submit in addition usable black and white versions of all the color

illustrations.

Figure captions

Ensure

that

each

illustration

has

a

caption.

Supply

captions

separately,

not

attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (

not

on the figure

itself)

and

a

description

of

the

illustration.

Keep

text

in

the

illustrations

themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.

Text graphics

Text graphics may be embedded in the text at the appropriate position. Further

,

high-resolution graphics files must be provided separately whether or not the

graphics are embedded. See further under Electronic artwork.

Tables

Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text.

Place

footnotes

to

tables

below

the

table

body

and

indicate

them

with

superscript lowercase letters

. Avoid vertical rules. Be sparing in the use of tables

and ensure that the data presented in tables do not duplicate results described

elsewhere in the article.

References

Citation in text

Please

ensure

that

every

reference

cited

in

the

text

is

also

present

in

the

reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be

given

in

full.

Unpublished

results

and

personal

communications

are

not

recommended in the reference list

, but may be mentioned in the text. If these

references

are

included

in the reference

list

they should follow

the

standard

reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication

date with either

'Unpublished results' or 'Personal communication'

. Citation of a

reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication.

Citations

to

well

known

facts,

statistical

and

psychological

documents,

mathematical

techniques

or

articles

more

than

eight

years

old

should,

in

general, be avoided.

Web references

As a minimum, the full URL should be given and the date when the reference

was last accessed. Any further information, if known (DOI, author names, dates,

reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references

can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading