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2017
年
6
月六级参考答
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2017
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6
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2017
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6
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六级第一套
六级听力
Conversation
One
W: Welcome to Workplace,
and in today
’
s program we
are looking at the results of
two
recently published surveys, which both deal with
the same topic
—
happiness at
work. John, tell us about the first
survey.
M: Well, this was done by a
human resources consultancy who interviewed more
than 1,000 workers and established a
top 10 of the factors which make people
happy at work. The most important
factor, for the majority of the people
interviewed was having friendly,
supportive colleagues. In fact, 73% people
interviewed put their relationship with
colleagues as the key factor contributing to
happiness at work, which is a very high
percentage. The second most important
factor was having work that is
enjoyable. The two least important factors were
having one
’
s
achievements recognized and rather surprisingly,
earning a
competitive salary.
W: So, we are not mainly motivated by
money?
M: Apparently not.
W:
Any other interesting information in the survey?
M: Yes. For example, 25% of the working
people interviewed described themselves
as very happy at work. However, 20% of
employees described themselves as being
unhappy.
W:
That
’
s quite a lot of
unhappy people at work every day.
M: It
is, isn
’
t it? And there were
several more interesting conclusions revealed by
the survey. First of all, small is
beautiful. People definitely prefer working for
smaller
organizations or companies with
less than 100 staff. We also find out that,
generally
speaking, women were happier
in their work than men.
W: Yes, we
are, aren
’
t we?
M: And workers on part-time contracts
who only work 4 or 5 hours a day are
happier than those who work full time.
The research is concluded that this is
probably due to a better work-life
balance.
W: Are bosses happier than
their employees?
M: Yes. Perhaps not
surprisingly, the higher people go in a company,
the happier
they are. So senior
managers enjoy their jobs more than people working
under
them.
Questions 1 to 4
are based on the conversation you have just
heard.
1. What is the number
one factor that made employees happy according to
the
survey?
答案：
B<
/p>
：
Having friendly
colleagues.
2. What is the
percentage of the people surveyed who felt unhappy
at work?
答案：
B:20%
3. What kind of companies are popular
with employees?
答案：
A:Those
of a samll size
4. What is
the possible reason for people on part-time
contracts to be happier?
答案：
C:They can better balance
work and life
Conversation
Two
W: Mr. De Keyzer, I am a
great lover of your book, Moments Before the
Flood. Can
you tell us how you first
became interested in the subject matter?
M: In 2016, when the concert hall of
the city of Bruges asked me to take some
pictures for a catalogue for a new
concert season around the theme of water, I
found myself working along the Belgian
coastline. As there had been numerous
alarming articles in the press about a
climate catastrophe waiting to happen, I
started looking at the sea and the
beach very differently, a place where I spent so
many perfect days as a child. This fear
of a looming danger became the subject of a
large-scale photo project.
W: you wrote in the book:
“
I don't want to photograph
the disaster, I want to
photograph the
disaster waiting to happen.
”
Can you talk a bit about that?
M: It is clear now that it's a matter
of time before the entire European coastline
disappears under water. The same goes
for numerous big cities around the world.
My idea was to photograph this
beautiful and very unique coastline reaching
history, before
it
’
s too
late
—
as a last witnesses.
W: Can you talk a bit about how history
plays a role in this project?
M: Sure.
The project is also about the history of Europe
looking at the sea and
wondering when
the next enemy would appear. In the images, you
see all kinds of
possible defense
constructions to hold back the Romans, Germans,
Vikings, and
now nature as enemy number
one. For example, there is the image of the bridge
into the sea taken at the Normandy
D-Day landing site. Also Venice, the city
eternally threatened by the sea, where
every morning wooden pathways have to be
set up to allow tourists to reach the
hotels.
W: Thank you, Mr. De Keyzer. It
was a pleasure to have you with us today.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the
conversation you have just heard.
5. What does the man say about the book
Moments Before the Flood?
答案：
D:It is a collection of
photos.
6. When did the man
get his idea for the work?
答案：
C:When taking pictures
for a concert catalogue
7.
What will happen when the climate catastrophe
occurs?
答案：
A:The entire
European coastline will be submerged
8. What does the man say about Venice?
答案：
D:Tourists use wooden
paths to reach their hotels in the
morning
听力短文
Passage one
When facing a new situation, some
people tend to rehearse their defeat by
spending too much time anticipating the
worst. I remember talking with a young
lawyer who was about to begin her first
jury trial. She was very nervous. I asked
what impression she wanted to make on
the jury. She replied,
“
I
don't want to look
too inexperienced; I
don
’
t want them to suspect.
This is my first trial.
”
This lawyer
had fallen
victim to the
“
don'ts
”
syndrome, a form of
negative goal setting. The
“
don'ts
”
can be
self-fulfilling because your mind responds to
pictures. Research
conducted at the
Stanford University shows a mental image fires the
nervous
system the same way as actually
doing something that means when the golfer
foretells himself, don't hit the ball
into the water. His mind sees the image of the
ball flying into the water, so guess
where the ball will go, consequently before
going into any stressful situation,
focus only on what you want to have happen. I
asked the lawyer again how she wanted
to appear at her first trial, and this time she
said, I want to look professional, and
self-assured. I told her to create a picture of
what self-assured would look like. To
her it meant moving confidently around the
court room, using convincing body
language and projecting her voice so it could
be heard from the judge's bench to the
back door. S?
he also imagined a
skillful closing argument and a winning trial. A
few weeks after
this positive dress
rehearsal, the young lawyer did win.
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the
passage you have just heard.
9. What do some people do when they
face a new situation?
答案：
C:They make careful
preparations beforehand
10.
What does the research conducted at Stanford
University show?
答案：
D:Thinking has the same
effect on the nervous system as doing
11. What advice does the speaker give
to people in a stressful situation
答案：
C:Picture thenselves
succeeding
12. What do we
learn about the lawyer in the court?
答案：
B:She won her first jury
trial
Passage Two
Most Americans don't eat enough fruits,
vegetables or whole grains. Research now
says adding fiber to the teen diet may
help lower the risk of breast cancer.
Conversations about the benefits of
fiber are probably more common in nursing
homes than high schools. But along
comes a new study that could change that.
Kristi King, a die specialist at Texas
Children's Hospital, finds it hard to get teenage
patients
’
attention about healthy eating. By
telling them they are eating lots of
high-fiber foods could reduce the risk
of breast cancer before middle age.
That
’
s a
powerful
message. The new finding is based on a study of
44,000 women. They
were surveyed about
their diets during high school and their eating
habits were
tracked for two decades. It
turns out that those who consumed the highest
levels of
fiber during adolescents had
a lower risk of developing breast cancer, compared
with women who ate the least fiber.
This important study demonstrates that the
more fiber you eat during your high
school years, the lower your risk is in
developing breast cancer in later life.
The finding points to longstanding evidence
that fiber may reduce circulating
female hormone levels, which could explain the
reduced risk. The bottom line here is
the more fiber you eat, perhaps, a lower level
of hormone in your body, and therefore,
a lower lifetime risk of developing breast
cancer. High-fiber diets are also
linked to a reduced risk of heart disease and
diabetes. That's why women are told to
eat 25 grams of fiber a
day
—
man even
more.
Questions 13 to 15 are
based on the passage you have just
heard.
13. What does the new
study tell about adding fiber to the teen diet?
答案：
C:It helps people to
avoid developing breast cancer
14. What do we learn about the survey
of the 44,000 women?
答案：
D:It
tracked their cating habits since their
adolescence
15. What
explanation does the speaker offer for the
research finding?
答案：
A:Fiber
may help to reduce hormones in the body
听力讲座
Recording
1
My currently research is
really about consumer behavior. So recently,
I
’
ve looked at
young people
’
s
drinking and it
’
s obviously
a major concern to government at the
moment. I
’
ve also
looked at how older people are represented in the
media. Again,
it
’
s of major
current interest with older people becoming a much
larger proportion
of UK, and indeed,
world society. I
’
m also
interested in how consumers operate
online and how that online behavior
might be different from how they operate
offline when they go to the shops.
Well, I think that the important thing here is to
actually understand
what
’
s happening from the
consumer
’
s perspective. One
of
the things that businesses and
indeed government organizations often fail to do
is
to really see what is happening from
the consumer
’
s perspective.
For example, in
the case of young
people
’
s drinking. One of
the things that I identified is that
drinking for people, say, between the
age of 18 and 24 is all about the social activity.
A lot of the government advertising has
been about individual responsibility, but
actually understanding that drinking is
very much about the social activity and
finding ways to help young people get
home safely, and not end up in hospital is
one of the things that we try to
present there. The key thing about consumer
behavior is that is very much about how
consumers change. Markets always change
faster than marketing, so we have to
look at what consumers are doing. Currently I
teach consumer behavior to
undergraduates in their second year. and we looked
at
all kinds of things in consumer
behavior and particularly how consumers are
presented in advertising. So they get
involved by looking at advertising and really
critically assessing the consumer
behavior and aspects of it, getting involved,
sometimes doing primary research.
For example, last year my students
spent a
week looking at their own
purchasing and analyze it in detail from shopping
to the
relationship that they have
would their retail banks and their mobile phone
providers.
I think they
found it very useful and it also helped them
identify just what kind of
budgets they
had too. The fact of the matter is there is a
whole range of interesting
research out
there. And I think as the years go on, there is
going to be much more
for us to
consider and certainly much more for students to
become involved in.
Questions
16.
What is the speaker currently doing?
答案：
B:Conducting research on
consumer behaviour
17. What
has speaker found about young
people
’
s drinking?
答案：
D:It is a chief concern
of parents
18. What does the
speaker say that the students did last year?
答案：
A:They spent
a week studying their own purehasing
behaviour
Recording
Two
Sweden was the first
European country to print and use paper money, but
it may
soon do away with physical
currencies. Banks can save a lot of money and
avoid
regulatory headaches by moving to
a cash free system and they can also avoid
bank robberies, theft and dirty money.
Claire Barratt, the editor of Financial
Times Money says the western world is headed
toward a world without physical
currency, and the holder that chief economist at
the bank of England suggested that UK
move towards a government back to digital
currency. But does a cashless society
really make good economic sense? The fact
that cash has been drawn out of society
is less a feature of our everyday lives, and
the ease of electronic payment. Is this
actually making us spend more money
without realizing it?
Barrett wanted to find out if the
absent of physical currency does indeed cause a
person to spend more, so she decided to
conduct an experiment a few month ago.
She decided that she was going to try
to just use cash for two weeks to make all of
her essential purchases and see what
that would do to her spending.
She
found she did spend a lot less money, because it
is incredibly hard to predict
how much
cash what is going to need. She was forever
drawing money out of cash
points.
Months later she was still finding cash stuffed in
her trousers pocket and the
pocket of
her handbags.
During this experiment,
Barrett took a train ride. On the way, there was
an
announcement that the restaurant car
was currently accepting credit train
carts were filled with groans because
many of the passages were traveling without
cash. It underlines just how much
things have changed in the last generation,
Barrett says. My parents when they were
younger used to budge by putting money
into envelopes.
They
’
d get paid and
they
’
d immediately separate
the cash into
piles, and put them in
envelops, so they knew what they had to spend week
by
week. It was a very effective way
for them to keep track of their spending.
Nowadays we are all on credit cards, we
are doing online purchases and money is
kind of becoming a less physical and
more imaginary type of thing that we
can
’
t
get our
hands around.
Questions
19. What do we learn about
Sweden?
答案：
D:Ti is likely to
give up paper money in the near future
20. What did Claire Barrett want to
find out with her
experiment
？
答案：
D:Whether the absence of
physical currency causes a person to spend
more
21. What did
Claire Barrett find on her train ride?
答案：
C:The restaurant car
accepted cash only
22. How
did people of the last generation budget their
spending?
答案：
B:By drawing
money week by week
Recording
3
Why should you consider
taking a course in demography in
college
？
You will be
growing up in the generation where the
baby-boomers are going into retirement
and dying. You will face problems in
the aging of the population that have never
been faced before. You will hear more
and more about migration between
countries, and between rural areas and
cities. You need to understand as a citizen
and as a taxpayer and as a voter
what
’
s really behind the
arguments. I want to tell
you about the
past, present and future of the human population,
so let
’
s start with
a few problems. Right now, a billion
people are chronically hungry that means they
wake up hungry;
they are
hungry all day and they go to sleep hungry. A
billion
people are living in slums, not
the same billion people, but there is some
overlap.
Living in slums means they
don
’
t have infrastructure to
take the garbage away.
They
don
’
t have secure water
supplies to drink. Nearly a billion people are
illiterate.
Try to imagine your life
being illiterate. You can
’
t
read the labels on the bottles in
the
supermarket, if you can get to a supermarket. Two
thirds of those people who
are
illiterate are women and about 200 to 250 million
women don
’
t have access to
birth control they want, so that they
can control their own fertility. This is not a
problem in developing countries, about
half of all pregnancies globally are
unintended. So those are examples of
population problems.
Demography gives
you the tools to understand and to address these
problems. It
’
s not only the
study of human population, but the populations of
non-human
species, including viruses,
like influenza, the bacteria in your gut, plants
that you eat,
animals that you enjoy,
all that provide you with meat. Demography also
includes
the study of non-living
objects like light bulbs and taxi cabs and
buildings because
these are also
populations. It studies these populations in the
past, present and
future using
quantitative data and mathematical models as tools
of analysis. I see
demography as a
central subject related to economics. It is the
means to intervene
more wisely and more
effectively in the real world to improve the well-
being not