2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案(三套全)

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letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on

Answer Sheet 2

.

In the Real World, Nobody Cares that You Went to an Ivy League School

[A]

As

a

high

school

junior,

everything

in

my

life

revolved

around

getting

into

the

right

college.

I

diligently attended my SAT, ACT, and Advanced Placement test preparation courses. I juggled (

尽力应

付）

cross- country and track schedules, newspaper staff, and my church's youth group and drama team. I

didn't drink, party, or even do much dating. The right college, I thought, was one with prestige, one with a

name. It didn't have to be the Ivy League, but it needed to be a

[B] Looking back now, nine years later, I can't remember exactly what it was about these universities that

made them seem so much better. Was it a curriculum that appeared more rigorous, perhaps? Or an alumni

network that I hoped would open doors down the line? Maybe.

with

more

recognition,

Marybeth

Gasman,

a

professor

of

higher

education

at

the

University

of

Pennsylvania.

[C]

In

reflection,

my

firm

belief

in

the

power

of

the

brand

was

naive,

not

to

mention

a

bit

snobby.

I

quickly passed over state schools and southern schools, believing their curriculums to be automatically

inferior to northeastern or western counterparts. Instead, I dreamed of living in New York City and my

parents obliged me with a visit to New York University's

(NYU) campus. During the tour, tuition fees

were discussed. (NYU is consistently ranked one of the country, s most expensive schools, with room and

board costs totaling upwards of $$64,000 a year. ) Up until then, I hadn't truly realized just how expensive

an education can be. Over the next few months, I realized not only could I not afford my dream school, I

couldn't even afford the ones where I'd been accepted. City University of New York (CUNY)

，

Rutgers

University,

and

Indiana

University

were

out

of

reach

as

were

Mississippi

State

and

the

University

of

Alabama,

where

I

would

have

to

pay

out-of-state

fees.

Further

complicating

my

college

search

was

a

flourishing track

career

—

I wanted

to keep

running

but

my

times

weren't

quite

fast

enough to secure a

scholarship.

[D] And so, at 11 pm on the night of Georgia State University's (GSU) midnight deadline, I applied online.

Rated No. 466 overall on Forbes' Lists Top Colleges, No. 183 in Research Universities, and No. 108 in

the South, I can't say it was my top choice. Still, the track coach had offered me a walk-on spot, and I

actually found the urban Atlanta campus a decent consolation prize after New York City.

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[E] While it may have been practical, it wasn't prestigious. But here's the thing

：

I loved my

lower-tier

(

低层次的

)university.

(I

use

the

term

cautiously,

because

GSU

is

a

well-regarded

research

institution that attracts high quality professors and faculty from all over the country. ) We are taught to

believe that only by going to the best schools and getting the best grades can we escape the rat race and

build a better future. But what if lower-tier colleges and universities were the ticket to escaping the rat

race? After all

，

where else can you leave school with a decent degree

—

but without a lifetime of debt?

[F] My school didn

’

t come pre-packaged like the more popular options, so we were left to take care of

ourselves, figuring out city life and trying to complete degree programs that no one was championing for

us to succeed in. What I'm saying is, I loved my university because it taught us all to be resourceful and

we could make what we wanted out of it.

[G] I was lucky enough to have my tuition covered by a lottery- funded scholarship called HOPE (Helping

Outstanding Pupils Educationally). When I started college, the HOPE scholarship was funded by the state

of Georgia and offered to graduating high school seniors with a GPA of 3. 0 or higher. Living costs and

books

I

paid

for

with

money

earned

during

high

school,

supplemented

by

a

small

college

fund

my

deceased grandfather left for me and a modest savings account my parents created when I was born.

[H]So

what about all that

name recognition? Sure, many of my colleagues and competitors

have more

glamorous

alma maters

(

母校

) than I do. As a journalist, I have competed against NYU, Columbia, and

Northeastern

graduates

for

jobs.

And

yet,

not

a

single

interviewer

has

ever

asked

me

about

my

educational background. In fact, almost every interview I've ever had was due to a connection

—

one that

I've gained through pure determination, not a school brand.

[I] According to

The Boston Globe

, students who earned their bachelor's in 2012 have an average monthly

loan payment of $$ 312, which is one-third more than those who graduated in 2004. Ultimately, that's the

thing

universities

don't

want

to

admit.

Private

universities

are

money-making

institutions.

If

you

can

afford to buy prestige, that's your choice. For the rest of us, however, our hearty lower-tiered universities

are just fine, thank you.

[J]

Wealthy

universities

talk

up

the

benefits

their

name

will

give

graduates:

namely,

strong

alumni

networks, star

faculty,

and

a resume boost.

But

you needn't

attend an

Ivy

League

school

to reap those

rewards. Ludacris and the former CEO of Bank of America Ken Lewis are alumni of my college, as well

as

VICE

's first female editor- in-chief, Ellis Jones. Successful people tend to be successful no matter where

they

go

to

school,

and

lower-tier

schools

can

have

alumni

networks

just

as

strong

as

their

big

name

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counterparts.

In

fact,

lower-tier

school

alumni

networks

are

arguably

stronger,

because

fellow

alumni

recognize that you didn

’

t necessarily have an easy path to follow. They might be more willing to offer

career

help,

because

your

less

famous

school

denotes

that,

like

them,

you

are

also

full

of

energy

and

perseverance.

[K] The Washington Post reported on a recent study by Princeton economists, in which college graduates

who

applied

to

the

most

selective

schools

in

the

12th

grade

were

compared

to

those

who

applied

to

slightly less selective schools. They found that students with more potential earned more as adults,and the

reverse held true as well, no matter where they went to school.

[L]Likewise, star faculty are not always found where you'd expect. Big name schools are not necessarily

the best places for professors

；

plus,many professors split teaching time between multiple colleges and/or

universities.

This

means,

for

instance,

a

CUNY

student

could

reasonably

expect

to

receive

the

same

quality of instruction from a prestigious professor as they would if they were enrolled in the same class at

NYU.

[M]

It's

possible

that

some

hiring

managers

may

be

drawn

to

candidates

with

a

particular

educational

resume, but it's no guarantee. According to a 2012 survey described in

The Atlantic

, college reputation

ranked

lowest

in

relative

importance

of

attributes

in

evaluating

graduates

for

hire,

beaten

out

by

top

factors

like

internships,

employment

during

college,

college

major,

volunteer

experience,

and

extracurriculars.

[N]

Maybe

students

who

choose

less

prestigious

universities

are

bound

to

succeed

because

they

are

determined to. I tend to think so. In any case, if I could do it again, I'd still make the same choice. Today

I'm debt-free, resourceful

—

and I understand that even the shiniest packaging can't predict what you'll find

on the inside.

注意：此部分试题请在

答题卡

2

上作答。

institutions can also have successful graduates and strong alumni networks.

money the author made in high school helped pay for her living expenses and books at college.

author

came

to

see

how

costly

college

education

could

be

when

she

was

trying

to

choose

a

university to attend.

39.A recent study found that a graduate's salary is determined by their potential, not the university they

attended.

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author cannot recall for sure what made certain top universities appear a lot better.

of the author's job interviewers cared which college she went to.

author thinks she did the right thing in choosing a less prestigious university.

order

to

be

admitted

to

a

prestigious

university,

the

author

took

part

in

various

extracurricular

activities and attended test preparation courses.

author liked her university which was not prestigious but less expensive.

es are reluctant to admit that graduates today are in heavier debt.

Section C

Directions:

There

are

2

passages

in

this

section.

Each

passage

is

followed

by

some

questions

or

unfinished

statements.

For

each

of

them

there

are

four

choices

marked

A),

B),

C)

and

D).

You should

decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on

Answer Sheet 2

with a single line through

the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?

In

their

thirst

for

evidence

on

this

issue,

commentators

seized

on

the

recent

report

by

the

Census

Bureau

，

which

found

that

average

household

income

rose

by

5.2%

in

2015.

Unfortunately,

that

conclusion

puts

too

much

weight

on

a

useful,

but

flawed

and

incomplete,

statistic.

Among

the

more

significant

problems

with

the

Census

’

s

measure

are

that

：

1)

it

excludes

taxes,

transfers,

and

compensation like employer-provided health insurance

；

and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data.

Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as

the hours of work needed to earn that income.

While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and

Peter

Klenow,

which

proposes

an

interesting

new

measure

of

economic

welfare.

While

by

no

means

perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth

in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it

can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.

The

Jones- Klenow

method

can

be

illustrated

by

a

cross-country

example.

Suppose

we

want

to

compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U. S. and France in 2005.

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In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the

U. S. , making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average.

However,

that

comparison

omits

other

relevant

factors:

leisure

time,

life

expectancy,

and

economic

inequality.

The

French

take

longer

vacations

and

retire

earlier,

so

typically

work

fewer

hours

；

they

enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle,

and the like

；

and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U. S.

Because

of

these

differences,

comparing

France's

consumption

with

the

U.

S.'s

overstates

the

gap

in

economic welfare.

Similar

calculations

can

be

used

to

compare

the

U.

S.

and

other

countries.

For

example,

this

calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U. S. levels, but estimates Mexican

well-being at 22%.

The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy's performance over time. According to this

measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U. S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country.

Since 2007 , economic welfare in the U. S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement

has slowed markedly.

Methodologically,

the

lesson

from

the

Jones-Klenow

research

is

that

economic

welfare

is

multi-

dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes

could

be

incorporated

—

for

example,

decreases

in

total

emissions

of

pollutants

and

declines

in

crime

rates.

注意：此部分试题请在

答题卡

2

上作答。

does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau?

A)It is based on questionable statistics.

B)It reflects the economic changes.

C)It evidences the improved welfare.

D)It provides much food for thought.

does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method?

A)It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries.

B)It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary people's livelihood.

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C)It focuses on people's consumption rather than their average income.

D)It is a more comprehensive measure of people's economic well-being.

do Jones

and Klenow think of the comparison

between

France

and the U. S. in

terms of real

consumption per person?

A)It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies.

B)It neglected many important indicators of people

’

s welfare.

C)It covered up the differences between individual citizens.

D)It failed to count in their difference in natural resources.

is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method?

A) It can accurately pinpoint a country's current economic problems.

B) It can help to raise people's awareness of their economic well-being.

C) It can diagnose the causes of a country's slowing pace of economic improvement.

D) It can compare a country's economic conditions between different periods of time.

can we infer from the passage about American people's economic well- being?

A) It is much better than that of their European counterparts.

B) It has been on the decline ever since the turn of the century.

C) It has not improved as much as reported by the Census Bureau.

D) It has not been accurately assessed and reported since mid-2000s.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

If you've ever started a sentence with,

…

colleague's agony over a decision when the answer is crystal- clear, there's a scientific reason behind it.

Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over the course of the day causing indecision or

poor choices

，

but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn't suffer the same

pitfalls.

The problem is

2018

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6

月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）