2015年6月大学英语六级考试(cet6)真题及答案(全三套)

2021年3月1日发(作者：喷薄欲出)

2015

年

6

月英语六级真题及答案（第一套）

Part I

Writing

(30 minutes)

Directions: For this part,

you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying

treasure, but practice is the key to it.

write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

1

上作答。

Part

Ⅱ

Listening

Comprehension

(30 minutes)

听力音频地址：

/englishlistening/CET6/ zhenti/2015-12-20/

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each

conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions

will

be

spoken

only

once.

After

each

question

there

will

be

a

pause.

During

the

pause,

you

must

read

the

four

choices marked A., B., C. and D ), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on

Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

1

上作答。

1. A. Prepare for his exams.

B. Catch up on his work.

C. Attend the concert.

D. Go on a vacation.

2. A. Three crew members were involved in the incident.

B. None of the hijackers carried any deadly weapons.

C. The plane had been scheduled to fly to Japan.

D. None of the passengers were injured or killed.

3. A. An article about the election.

B. A tedious job to be done.

C. An election campaign.

D. A fascinating topic.

4. A. The restaurant was not up to the speakers' expectations.

B. The restaurant places many ads in popular magazines.

C. The critic thought highly of the Chinese restaurant.

D. Chinatown has got the best restaurants in the city.

5. A. He is going to visit his mother in the hospital.

B. He is going to take on a new job next week.

C. He has many things to deal with right now.

D. He behaves in a way nobody understands.

6. A. A large number of students refused to vote last night.

B. At least twenty students are needed to vote on an issue.

C. Major campus issues had to be discussed at the meeting.

D. More students have to appear to make their voice heard.

7. A. The woman can hardly tell what she likes.

B. The speakers like watching TV very much.

C. The speakers have nothing to do but watch TV

.

D. The man seldom watched TV before retirement.

8. A. The woman should have registered earlier.

B. He will help the woman solve the problem.

C ) He finds it hard to agree with what the woman says.

D. The woman will be able to attend the classes she wants.

Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

9. A. Persuade the man to join her company.

B. Employ the most up-to-date technology.

C. Export bikes to foreign markets.

D. Expand their domestic business.

10. A. The state subsidizes small and medium enterprises.

B. The government has control over bicycle imports.

C. They can compete with the best domestic manufacturers.

D. They have a cost advantage and can charge higher prices.

11. A. Extra costs might eat up their profits abroad.

B. More workers will be needed to do packaging.

C. They might lose to foreign bike manufacturers.

D. It is very difficult to find suitable local agents.

12. A. Report to the management.

B. Attract foreign investments.

C. Conduct a feasibility study

D. Consult financial experts.

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

13. A. Coal burnt daily for the comfort of our homes.

B. Anything that can be used to produce power.

C. Fuel refined from oil extracted from underground.

D. Electricity that keeps all kinds of machines running.

14. A. Oil will soon be replaced by alternative energy sources.

B. Oil reserves in the world will be exhausted in a decade.

C. Oil consumption has given rise to many global problems.

D. Oil production will begin to decline worldwide by 2025.

15. A. Minimize the use of fossil fuels.

B. Start developing alternative fuels.

C. Find the real cause for global warming.

D. Take steps to reduce the greenhouse effect.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.

Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best

answer from the four choices marked A ), B ),

C. and D ).

Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet

71 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

1

上作答。

Passage One

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A. The ability to predict fashion trends.

B. A refined taste for artistic works.

C. Years of practical experience.

D. Strict professional training.

17. A. Promoting all kinds of American hand-made specialties.

B. Strengthening cooperation with foreign governments.

C. Conducting trade in art works with dealers overseas.

D. Purchasing handicrafts from all over the world.

18. A. She has access to fashionable things.

B. She is doing what she enjoys doing.

C. She can enjoy life on a modest salary.

D. She is free to do whatever she wants.

Passage Two

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A. Join in neighborhood patrols.

B. Get involved in his community.

C. V

oice his complaints to the city council.

D. Make suggestions to the local authorities.

20. A. Deterioration in the quality of life.

B. Increase of police patrols at night.

C. Renovation of the vacant buildings.

D. Violation of community regulations.

21. A. They may take a long time to solve.

B. They need assistance from the city.

C. They have to be dealt with one by one.

D. They are too big for individual efforts.

22. A. He had got some groceries at a big discount.

B. He had read a funny poster near his seat.

C. He had done a small deed of kindness.

D. He had caught the bus just in time.

Passage Three

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

23. A. Childhood and healthy growth.

B. Pressure and heart disease.

C. Family life and health.

D. Stress and depression.

24. A. It experienced a series of misfortunes.

B. It was in the process of reorganization.

C. His mother died of a sudden heart attack.

D. His wife left him because of his bad temper.

25. A. They would give him a triple bypass surgery.

B. They could remove the block in his artery.

C. They could do nothing to help him.

D. They would try hard to save his life.

Section C

Directions:

In

this

section,

you

will

hear

a

passage

three

times.

When

the

passage

is

read

for

the

first

time,you

should listen carefully for its general idea.

When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill

in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you

should check what you have written.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

1

< p>
上作答。

When most people think of the word

Into this empty casing, the teachers

26

stuff

But genuine education, as Socrates knew more than two thousand years ago, is not

27

the stuffings

of information into a person, but rather eliciting knowledge from him; it is the

28

of what is in the mind.

most

important

part

of

education,

once

wrote

William

Ernest

Hocking,

the

29

Harvard

philosopher,

Socrates

never

said,

know,

learn

from

me.

He

said,

rather,

into

your

own

selvers

and

find

the

30

of truth that God has put into every heart, and that only you can kindle (

点燃

) to a

31.

In

a

dialogue,

Socrates

takes

an

ignorant

slave

boy,

without

a

day

of

32,

and

proves

to

the

amazed

observers

that

the

boy

really

geometry--because

the

principles

of

geometry

are

already

in

his

mind,

waiting to be called out.

So

many

of

the

discussions

and

33

about

the

content

of

education

are

useless

and

inconclusive

because they

34

what should

can best be done.

The college student who once said to me, after a lecture,

chance to learn anything,

35

with the sausage-casing view of education.

Part III

Reading

Comprehension

(40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank

from

a

list

of

choices

given

in

a

word

bank

following

the

passage.

Read

the

passage

through

carefully

before

making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each

item on ,Answer Street 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more

than once.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

Innovation,

the

elixir

(

灵丹妙药

)

of

progress,

has

always

cost

people

their

jobs.

In

the

Industrial

Revolution hand weavers were

36

aside by the mechanical loom. Over the past 30 years the digital

revolution has

37

many of the mid-skill jobs that supported 20th-century middle-class life. Typists,ticket

agents, bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been dispensed with, just as the weavers were.

For those who believe that technological progress has made the world a better place, such disruption is a

natural part of rising

38. Although innovation kills some jobs, it creates new and better ones, as a more

39

society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in

three American workers was

40

on a farm. Today less than 2% of them produce far more food. The millions

freed from the land were not rendered

41, but found better- paid work as the economy grew more sophisticated.

Today the pool of secretaries has

42, but there are ever more computer programmers and web designers.

Optimism remains the right starting-point, but for workers the dislocating effects of technology may make

themselves evident faster than its

43. Even if new jobs and wonderful products emerge, in the short term income

gaps will widen, causing huge social dislocation and perhaps even changing politics.

Technology's

44

will

feel

like

a

tornado

(

旋风

), hitting

the

rich

world

first,

but

45

sweeping

through

poorer countries too. No government is prepared for it.

注意

:

< br>此部分试题请在答题卡

2

上作答。

A. benefits

F) jobless

K) rhythm

B. displaced

G) primarily

L) sentiments

C. employed

H) productive

M) shrunk

D. eventually

I) prosperity

N) swept

E) impact

J) responsive

O) withdrawn

Section B

Directions:

In

this

section,

you

are

going

to

read

a

passage

with

ten

statements

attached

to

it.

Each

statement

contains information given in one of the paragraphs.

Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.

You

may

choose

a paragraph

more

than

once.

Each

paragraph

is

marked

with

a

letter.

Answer

the

questions

by

marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Why the Mona Lisa Stands Out

A. Have you ever fallen for a novel and been amazed not to find it on lists of great books? Or walked around a

sculpture

renowned

as

a

classic,

struggling

to

see

what

the

fuss

is

about?

If

so,

you've

probably

pondered

the

question a psychologist, James Cutting, asked himself: How does a work of art come to be considered great?

B. The intuitive answer is that some works of art are just great: of intrinsically superior quality. The paintings

that win prime spots in galleries, get taught in classes and reproduced in books are the ones that have proved their

artistic value over time. If you can't see they're superior, that's your problem.

It's an intimidatingly neat explanation. But some social scientists have been asking awkward questions of it,

raising the possibility that artistic canons (

名作目录

) are little more than fossilised historical accidents.

C.

Cutting,

a

professor

at

Cornell

University,

wondered

if

a

psychological

mechanism

known

as

the

effect

played

a

role

in

deciding

which

paintings

rise

to

the

top

of

the

cultural

league.

Cutting

designed an experiment to test his hunch (

直觉

). Over a lecture course he regularly showed undergraduates works

of impressionism for two seconds at a time. Some of the paintings were canonical, included in art-history books.

Others

were

lesser

known

but

of

comparable

quality.

These

were

exposed

four

times

as

often.

Afterwards,

the

students preferred them to

the canonical works, while a control group of students liked the canonical ones best.

Cutting's students had grown to like those paintings more simply because they had seen them more.

D. Cutting believes his experiment offers a clue as to how canons are formed.

He

reproduced works of impressionism today tend to have been bought by five or six wealthy and influential collectors

in the late 19th century. The preferences of these men bestowed (

给予

) prestige on certain works, which made the

works

more

likely

to

be

hung

in

galleries

and

printed

in

collections.

The

fame

passed

down

the

years,

gaining

momentum from mere exposure as it did so. The more people were exposed to, the more they liked it, and the more

they liked it, the more it appeared in books, on posters and in big exhibitions. Meanwhile, academics and critics

created sophisticated justifications for its preeminence (

卓越

). After all, it's not just the masses who tend to rate

what they see more often more highly. As contemporary artists like Warhol and Damien Hirst have grasped, critics'

praise is deeply entwined (

交织

) with publicity.

effects of mere exposure.

E. The process described by Cutting evokes a principle that the sociologist Duncan Watts calls

advantage

employed by Microsoft to study the dynamics of social networks, had a similar experience to Cutting's in another

Paris museum. After queuing to see the

came away puzzled: why was it considered so superior to the three other Leonardos in the previous chamber, to

which nobody seemed to be paying the slightest attention?

F. When Watts looked into the history of

life, the

giants of Renaissance art like Titian and Raphael, whose works were worth almost ten times as much as the

Lisa

What propelled it there wasn't a scholarly re-evaluation, but a theft.

G

. In 1911 a maintenance worker at the Louvre walked out of the museum with the

his

smock

(

工作服

).

Parisians

were

shocked

at

the

theft

of

a

painting

to

which,

until

then,

they

had

paid

little

attention. When the museum reopened, people queued to see the gap where the

way they had never done for the painting itself. From then on, the

itself.

H.

Although

many

have

tried,

it

does

seem

improbable

that

the

painting's

unique

status

can

be

attributed

entirely to the quality of its brushstrokes. It has been said that the subject's eyes follow the viewer around the room.

But

as

the

painting's

biographer,

Donald

Sassoon,

dryly

notes,

reality

the

effect

can

be

obtained

from

any

portrait.

poems and pop songs are buoyed (

使浮起

) or

events or preferences that turn into waves of influence, passing down the generations.

I.

that

cultural

objects

have

value,

Brian

Eno

once

wrote,

like

saying

that

telephones

have

conversations.

always, to some extent, someone else's. Visitors to the

of art ever and come away appropriately impressed--or let down. An audience at a performance of

it is regarded as a work of genius, so that is what they mostly see. Watts even calls the preeminence of Shakespeare

a

J. Although the rigid high-low distinction fell apart in the 1960s, we still use culture as a badge of identity.

Today's

fashion

for

eclecticism

(

折中主义

)

love

Bach,

Abba

and

Jay

Z

is,

Shamus

Khan,

a

Columbia

University psychologist, argues, a new way for the middle class to distinguish themselves from what they perceive

to be the narrow tastes of those beneath them in the social hierarchy.

K. The intrinsic quality of a work of art is starting to seem like its least important attribute. But perhaps it's

more significant than our social scientists allow. First of all, a work needs a certain quality to be eligible to be swept

to the top of the pile. The

place, and not by accident. Secondly, some stuff is simply better than other stuff. Read

the greatest of Shakespeare's contemporaries, and the difference may strike you as unarguable.

L. A study in the British Journal of Aesthetics suggests that the exposure effect doesn't work the same way on

everything, and points to a different conclusion about how canons are formed. The social scientists are right to say

that we should be a little sceptical of greatness, and that we should always look in

the next room. Great art and

mediocrity (

平庸

) can get confused, even by experts. But that's why we need to see, and read, as much as we can.

The more we're exposed to the good and the bad, the better we are at telling the difference. The eclecticists have it.

注意：此部分试题请在答 题卡

2

上作答。

46. According to Duncan Watts, the superiority of the

cumulative advantage.

47. Some social scientists have raised doubts about the intrinsic value of certain works of art.

48. It is often random events or preferences that determine the fate of a piece of art.

49. In his experiment, Cutting found that his subjects liked lesser known works

because of more exposure.

50. The author thinks the greatness of an art work still lies in its intrinsic value.

51. It is

true of critics as well as ordinary people that the popularity of artistic works is closely associated with

publicity.

52. We need to expose ourselves to more art and literature in order to tell the superior from the inferior.

53.

A

study

of

the

history

of

the

greatest

paintings

suggests

even

a

great

work

of art

could

experience

years

of

neglect.

54. Culture is still used as a mark to distinguish one social class from another.

55. Opinions about and preferences for cultural objects are often inheritable.

Section C

Directions:

There

are

2

passages

in

this

section.

Each

passage

is

followed

by

some

questions

or

unfinished

statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. , B. , C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice

and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

When the right person is holding the right job at the right moment, that person's influence is greatly expanded.

That is the position in which Janet Yellen, who is expected to be confirmed as the next chair of the Federal Reserve

Bank (FeD. in January, now finds herself. If you believe, as many do, that unemployment is the major economic

and social concern of our day, then it is no stretch to think Yellen is the most powerful person in the world right

now.

Throughout the 2008 financial crisis and the recession and recovery that followed, central banks have taken

on the role of stimulators of last resort, holding up the global economy with vast amounts of money in the form of

asset

buying.

Yellen,

previously

a

Fed

vice

chair,

was

one

of

the

principal

architects

of

the

Fed's

$$

3.8

trillion

money

dump.

A

star

economist

known

for

her

groundbreaking

work

on

labor

markets,

Yellen

was

a

kind

of

prophetess early on in thc crisis for her warnings about the subprime (

次级债

) meltdown. Now it will be her job to

get

the

Fed

and

the

markets

out

of

the

biggest

and

most

unconventional

monetary

program

in

history

without

derailing the fragile good news is that Yellen,67, is particularly well suited to meet these challenges.

She has a keen understanding of financial markets, an appreciation for their imperfections and a strong belief that

human

suffering was more related to unemployment than anything else.

Some experts worry that Yellen will be inclined to chase unemployment to the neglect of inflation.

But with wages still relatively flat and the economy increasingly divided between the well-off and the long-term

unemployed,

more

people

worry

about

the

opposite,

deflation

(

通货紧缩

)

that

would

aggravate

the

economy's

problems.

Either way, the incoming Fed chief will have to walk a fine line in slowly ending the stimulus. It must be

steady enough to deflate bubbles (

去泡沫

) and bring markets back down to earth but not so quick thatit creates

another credit crisis.

Unlike many past Fed leaders, Yellen is not one to buy into the finance industry's argument that itshould be

left alone to regulate itself. She knows all along the Fed has been too slack on regulation of finance. Yellen is likely

to

address

the

issue

right

after

she

pushes

unemployment

below

6%,

stabilizes

markets

and

makes

sure

that

the

recovery is more inclusive and robust. As Princeton Professor Alan Blinder says,

logical, willing to argue but also a good listener. She can persuade without creating hostility.

be useful as the global economy's new power player takes on its most annoying problems.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

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上作答。

56. What do many people think is the biggest problem facing Janet Yellen?

A. Lack of money.

B. Subprime crisis.

C. Unemployment.

D. Social instability.

57. What did Yellen help the Fed do to tackle the 2008 financial crisis?

A. Take effective measures to curb inflation.

B. Deflate the bubbles in the American economy.

C. Formulate policies to help financial institutions.

D. Pour money into the market through asset buying.

58. What is a greater concern of the general public?

A. Recession.

B. Deflation.

C. Inequality.

D. Income.

59. What is Yellen likely to do in her position as the Fed chief?

A. Develop a new monetary program.

B. Restore public confidence.

C. Tighten financial regulation.

D. Reform the credit system.

60. How does Alan Blinder portray Yellen?

A. She possesses strong persuasive power.

B. She has confidence in what she is doing.

C. She is one of the world's greatest economists.

D. She is the most powerful Fed chief in history.

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

Air pollution is deteriorating in many places around the world. The fact that public parks in cities become

crowded as soon as the sun shines proves that people long to breathe in green, open spaces. They do not all know

what

they

are

seeking

but

they

flock

there,

nevertheless.

And,

in

these

surroundings,

they

are

generally

both

peaceful

and

peaceable.

It

is

rare

to

see

people

fighting

in

a

garden.

Perhaps

struggle

unfolds

first,

not

at

an

economic or social level, but over the appropriation of air, essential to life itself.

If human beings can breathe and share air, they don't need to struggle with one another.

Unfortunately,

in

our

western

tradition,

neither

materialist

nor

idealist

theoreticians

give

enough

consideration to this basic condition for life. As for politicians, despite proposing curbs on environmental pollution,

they have not yet called for it to be made a crime. Wealthy countries are even allowed to pollute if they pay for it.

But is our life worth anything other than money? The plant world shows us in silence what faithfulness to

life consists of. It also helps us to a new beginning, urging us to care for our breath, not only at a vital but also at a

spiritual

level.

The

interdependence

to

which

we

must

pay

the

closest

attention

is

that

whicl

exists

between

ourselves and the plant world. Often described as

the

gift

of

breathable

air

by

releasing

oxygen.

But

their

capacity

to

renew

the

ai

polluted

by

industry

has

long

reached its limit. If we lack the air necessary for a healthy life, it is because we have filled it with chemicals and

undercut the ability of plants to regenerate it. As we know, rapi deforestation combined with the massive burning of

fossil fuels is an explosive recipe for an irreversibl disaster.

The fight over the appropriation of resources will lead the entire planet to hell unless humans learn t share

life,

both

with

each

other

and

with

plants.

This

task

is

simultaneously

ethical

and

political

because

can

be

discharged only when each takes it upon herself or himself and only when it is accomplishe together with others.

The lesson taught by plants is that sharing life expands and enhances the sphere c the living, while dividing life into

so-called natural or human resources diminishes it. We must come t view the air, the plants and ourselves as the

contributors

to

the

preservation

of

life

and

growth,

rathe

than

a

web

of

quantifiable

objects

or

productive

potentialities

at

our

disposal.

Perhaps

then

we

woulfinally

begin

to

live,

rather

than

being

concerned

with

bare

survival.

注意 ：此部分试题请在答题卡

2

上作答。

61. What does the author assume might be the primary reason that people would struggle with each other

A. To get their share of clean air.

B. To pursue a comfortable life.

C. To gain a higher social status.

D. To seek economic benefits.

62. What does the author accuse western politicians of?

A. Depriving common people of the right to clean air.

B. Giving priority to theory rather than practical action.

C. Offering preferential treatment to wealthy countries.

D. Failing to pass laws to curb environmental pollution.

63. What does the author try to draw our closest attention to?

A. The massive burning of fossil fuels.

B. Our relationship to the plant world.

C. The capacity of plants to renew polluted air.

D. Large-scale deforestation across the world.

64. How can human beings accomplish the goal of protecting the planet according to the author?

A. By showing respect for plants.

B. By preserving all forms of life.

C. By tapping all natural resources.

D. By pooling their efforts together.

65. What does the author suggest we do in order not just to survive?

A. Expand the sphere of living.

B. Develop nature's potentials.

C. Share life with nature.

D. Allocate the resources.

Part

Ⅳ

Translation

(30 minute

）

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You

should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

中国传统的待客之道要求饭菜丰富多样，让客人吃不完。中国 宴席上典型的菜单包括开席的一套凉菜

及其后的热菜，例如肉类、鸡鸭、蔬菜等。大多数 宴席上，全鱼被认为是必不可少的，除非已经上过各式

海鲜。如今，中国人喜欢把西方特 色菜与传统中式菜肴融于一席，因此牛排上桌也不少见。沙拉也已流行

起来，

< p>
尽管传统上中国人一般不吃任何未经烹饪的菜肴。

宴席通常至少有一道汤，

可以最先或最后上桌。

甜

点和水果通常标志宴席的结束。

< /p>

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

2

上作答。

2015

年

6

月大 学英语六级考试真题

(

一

)

< p>
答案与详解

Part I

Writing

结构框图：

话题词汇：

reward

回报，奖赏

consistent

持续不变的

genius

天才

hardship

艰苦

refinement

改进，改善

Practice makes perfect

．熟能生巧。

Part

Ⅱ

Listening Comprehension

Section A

1. W Can you come to the concert with me thisweekend? Or do you have to prepare forexams?

M: I still have a lot to do, but maybe a breakwould do me good.

Q: What will the man probably do?

< p>
c)

【精析】行动计划题。女士问男士周末是否可以陪着她去听音乐会，男 士说他的确是有很多事情要做，但

或许休息一下对自己有好处。因此，男士很有可能会放 下手头的事情，陪女士去音乐会。

2. W: What does the paper say about the horri bleincident that happened this morning on Flight 870 to Hong Kong?

M: It ended with the arrest of the three hijackers. They had forced the plane to fly to Japan,but all the passengers

and crew members landed safely.

O: What do we learn from the conversation?

D)

< p>
【精析】推理判断题。女士问男士报纸上是怎样报道飞往香港的

870

次航班上的可怕事件的，男士说一

共抓捕了三个劫机犯，他们试图迫 使飞机飞往

E

本，不过所有的乘客和机组人员都安全着陆。由此 可知，

乘客没有受到伤害。

3. M: Hello. This is the most fascinating article I've ever come across. I think you should spare some time to read it.

W: Oh, really? I thought that anything about th election would be tedious.

Q: What are the speakers talking about?

A)

【精析】综合理解题。对 话中男士对女士说他看到了一篇精彩的文章，女士也应该读一读，而女士则说

她本以为所 有关于选举的报道都是十分无趣的。

由此可知，对话围绕一篇报道选举的文章展开。

4. I'm not going to trust the restaurant critic from that magazine again. The food here doesn't taste anything like

what we had in Chinatown.

M: It definitely wasn't worth the wait.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

A)

【精析】语义理解题。对话中女士说她再也不会相信那本杂志里的餐馆评论员了， 这家餐馆的食物根本

比不上他们在唐人街吃到的食物。男士对此表示赞同，并说根本就不 值得排队等候。由此可见，这家餐馆

没有达到讲话者的期望。

c )

选项的干扰性较大，

但是对话中并没有直接指出评论员高度评 价这家中餐馆，

因

此排除。

5. W.. Do you know what's wrong with Mark? He'sbeen acting very strangely lately.

M

：

Come on. With his mother hospitalized rightafter he's taken on a new job, he's just got a lot on his mind.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation about Mark?

C)

【精析】

综合理解题。

对话中女士问男士知不 知道

Mark

怎么了，

他这阵子表现得怪怪的：

男士回答说

Mark

刚开始一份新工作，而这时候他的妈妈住院了，他脑子里的事儿很多 。由此可知，

Mark

近期需要做的事情

太多了。

6. W: There were only 20 students at last night'smeeting, so nothing could be voted on.

M.. That's too bad. They'll have to turn up in greater numbers if they want a voice o campus issues.

Q: What does the man mean?

D)

【精析】弦外之 音题。对话中女士说昨天的会议仪有

20

名学生到场，因此什么 事情也解决不了。男士表

示这太糟糕了，想要在校园问题上产生影响，需要更多的学生参 与。由此可知，如果学生想要让自己的声

音被人们听到，需要更多人的共同参与和努力。

7. M.. I try to watch TV as little as possible, but it's so hard.

W: I didn't watch TV at all before I retired, but now I can hardly tear myself away from it.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

B)

【精析】综合理解题。对话 中男士说他想要少看电视，但感觉很难做到，而女士说她退休之前根本不看

电视，但现在 却离不开电视了。由此可知，对话中的两个人都很喜欢看电视。

8. W

：

I'm having a problem registering for theclasses I want.

M

：

That's too bad, but I'm pretty sure you'll be able to work everything out before this semester starts.

Q.. What does the man mean?

D)

【精析】语义理 解题。对话中女士对男士说她无法注册自己喜欢的课程，但男士却安慰女士说他相信女

士 一定可以在新学期开始之前把一切搞定。由此可知，男士认为女士可以完成注册，参加自己喜欢的课程。

Conversation One

W: Jack, sit down and listen. This is important. (9)We'll have to tackle the problems of the exporting step by step.

And the first move is to get an up-to-date picture of where we stand now.

M: Why don't we just concentrate on expanding here at home?

W: Of course, we should hold on to our position here. But you must admit the market here is limited.

M: Yes, but it's safe. (10)The government keeps out foreigners with import controls. So I must admit I feel sure

(9)we could hold our own against foreign bikes,

W: I agree. (9)That's why I am suggesting exporting. Because I feel we canpete with

the best of them.

M:

What

you

are

really

saying

is

that

we'd

make

more

profit

by

selling

bikes

abroad,

where

we

have,a

cost

advantage and can charge high prices.

W: Exactly.

M: But, wait a minute. (11)Packaging, shipping, finaetc. will push up our cost and we could end up no better off,

maybe worse off.

W.. OK. Now there are extra costs involved. But if we do it right, they can be built into the price of the bike and we

can still be competitive.

M.. How sure are you about our chances of success in the foreign market?

W.. Well, that's the sticky one. (12)It's going to need a lot of research. I'm hoping to get your help. Well,

come on,

Jack. Is it worth it, or not?

M: There will be a lot of problems.

W.. Nothing we can't handle.

M.. Um... I'm not that hopeful. But, yes, (12)1 think we should go ahead with the feasibility study.

W: Marvelous, Jack. I was hoping you be on my side.

答案详解

9

．

what does the woman intend to do?C.

对话中提到

“

国外的自行车

”

，在对话中间部分女士

c)

【精析】推理

判断题。对话开始部 分女士提到想与

f

又提到

“

这就是我建议出口的原因

”

。综上可知，女男士 一起来逐步

解决出口中遇到的问题，之后男

士想出口自行车。

10. Why does the man think it's safe to focus on the home market?

B)

【精析】目的原因题。本题问男士为什么 认为聚焦国内市场是安全的，对话中男士明确表示政府通过控

制进口将外国人挡在国门之 外，也就是说政府控制自行车进口。

11. What is the man's concern about selling bikes abroad?

A)

【精析】细节推断题。对话中女士认为出口自行车可以获取更多的利 润，因为他们不仅具有成本优势，

而且可以把自行车卖高价，而男士却担心包装、运输等 会提高成本，影响利润。

．

12. What dothe speakers agree to do?

c)

【精析】 细节推断题。对话结尾部分，女士说要想确定是否可以在国外市场成功，需要大量的调查，而男

< br>士也同意他们可以先进行可行性调查，因此，两人都同意先进行可行性调查。

Conversation Two

w: What does the term

M: (13)When we think of energy or fuel for our homes and cars, we think of petroleum, a fossil fuel processedfrom

oil removed from the ground, of which there is a limited supply. But alternative fuels can be many things. Wind,

sun and water can all be used to create fuel.

W: Is the threat of running out of petroleum real?

M: It has taken thousands of years to create the natural stores of petroleum we have available at a much faster rate

than it is being produced over time. The real controversy surrounding the amount of petroleum we have is how

much

we

need

to

keep

in

reserve

for

future

use.

(14)Most

experts

agree

that

by

around

2025,

the

amount

of

petroleum we use will reach a peak. Then production and availability will begin to seriously decline. This is not to

say there will be no petroleum at this point. But it'll become very difficult and therefore expcasive to extract.

W: Is that the most ~ reason to develdp alternative fuel and energy sources?

M: There are two-v~y clear reasons to do so. (15)One is that whether we have 60 or 600 years of fossil fuels left,

we

have

to

find

other

fuel

sources

eventually.

So

the

sooner

we

start,

the

better

off

we

will

be.

The

other

big

argument

is

that

when

long

time,

which

leads

to

some

long-term

negative

efects,

like

global

warming

and

the

greenhouse effect.

13. What do we usually refer to whenwe talk about energy according to the man?

C)

【精析】 事实细节题。对话中男士说一提到能量或燃料，人们通常会想到汽油，这是一种从地下石油中

提取的能源。

14. What do most experts agree on according to the man?

D)

【精析】细节辨认题。对话中男士说大多数专家都同意，到

2025

年左右石油使用量将达到顶点，此后产

量和可用量将开 始大幅下降。

15. What does the man hink we should do now?

B)

【精析】

细节推断题。对话末尾部分，男士说不论是

60

年，还是

600

年，早晚需要其他能源。因此，越早开 始行动，对人类越好。也就是说男士认为现在我们

应该开始开发替代燃料。

Section B

Passage One

Karen Smith is a buyer for a department store in New York: Department store buyers purchase the goods that

their stores sell. (16)They not only have to know what is fashionable at the moment, but also have to guess what

will become fashionable next season or next year. Most buyers work for just one department in a store.

But the goods that Karen finds may be displayed and sold in several different sections of the store.

(17)Her job

involves buying handicrafts from all over the world. Last year, she made a trip to Morocco and returned with rugs,

pots, dishes and pans. The year before, she visited Mexico and bought back hand-made table cloths, mirrors with

frames of tin and paper flowers. The paper flowers are bright and colorful, so they were used to decorate the whole

store. This year Karen is travelling in Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia. Many of the countries that Karen visits

have government offices that promote handicrafts. The officials are glad to cooperate with her by showing her the

products that are available. Karen especially likes to visit markets in small towns and villages whenever she can

arrange for it. She is always looking for interesting and unusual items. (18)Karen thinks she has the best job she

could

have

found.

She

loves

all

the

travelling

that

she

has

to

do

because

she

often

visits

markets

and

small

out-of-the-way places. She sees much more of the country she visits than an ordinary tourist would. As soon as she

gets back to New York from one trip, Karen begins to plan another.

答案详解

16. What is said to make a good department store buyer?

A)

【精析】细节辨认题。短文开头提到，

Karen Smith

是一位百货公司的采购员，作为优秀的采购 人员，不

仅要了解当时的时尚，还要能够预测将来的时尚趋势。

17. What does Karen's job involve?D)

【精析】细节辨认题。短文中提到，

Karen Smith

的工作是到世界各地去

购买手工艺品。

18. Why does Karen think she has got the best job? B)

【精析】目的原因题。短文中明确提到

Karen

觉得她已经

找到了最好的工作，因为她喜 欢去世界各地出差，她可以借出差的机会去市场和那些人们不常去的小地方。

Passage Two

(19)Mark felt that it was time for him to take part in his community, so he went to the neighborhood meeting after

work. (20)The area's city councilwoman was leading a discussion about how the quality of life was on the decline.

The neighborhood faced many problems. Mark looked at the charts: taped to the walls.

There were charts for parking problems, crime, and for problems in vacant buildings. Mark read from the charts,

police patrols cut back, illegal parking up 20%. People were supposed to suggest solutions to the councilwoman. It

was too much for Mark. (21)

think this is a waste of my time. Nothing I could do would make a difference here.

his way home, Mark saw a woman carrying a grocery bag and a baby. As Mark got closer, her other child, a little

boy, suddenly darted into the street. The woman tried to reach for him, but as she moved, her bag shifted and the

groceries started to fall out. Mark ran to take the boy's arm and led him back to his mother.

morn,

he

said.

Then

he

picked

up

the

street

groceries

while

the

woman

smiled

in

relief.

She

said.

Just being neighborly,

As

he

rode

home,

he

glanced

at

the

poster

near

his

seat

in

the

bus.

(22)

acts

of

kindness

add

up.

Mark

smiled and thought,

，答案详解

19

．

What did Mark think he should start doing?

人来说

< br>24

小时不睡觉应该会让人不舒服，一般来讲，每个人

都 需要保证

8

小时睡眠。尽管人们的

B)

【精析】事实细节题。短文开头提到，对于大多数睡眠时间和需求

会有差异，但人们总是需要睡觉的，因为睡眠是人们基本的需求。由此可知，人们想当然地认为每个人都

需要睡觉才能生存。

20. What was being discussed when Mark arrived at the neighborhood meeting?A)

【精析】事实细节题。对于一

般人来说，睡眠是基本的生存需要，但

Al Herpin

< p>
却与众不同，因为他从来不睡觉。医生在研究了他的情况

后，认为这的确是 个例外。

21. What did Mark think of the community'sproblems?

D)

【精析】

细节辨认题。

短文提到一些医生对

AHerpin

不用睡觉的现象感到吃惊，

但他们找不 出原因。

AI Herpin

说出了一个唯一可能的原因：母亲 在生他之前曾经受过创伤。

22. Why did Mark smile on his ride home?

c)

< br>【精析】

推理判断题。

短文提到一些医生对

A Herpin

不用睡觉的现象感到吃惊，

但他们 找不出原因。

Al Herpin

说出了一个唯一可能的原因： 母亲在生他之前曾经受过创伤。

Passage Three

And a stressing childhood can lead to heart disease, what about current stressors--longer work hours, threats

of

layoffs,

collapsing

pension

funds?

A

study

last

year

in

The

Lancet

examined

more

than

11000

heart-

attack

sufferers from 52 countries. It found that in the year before their heart attacks, patients had been under significantly

more strains than some 13000 healthy control subjects. Those strains came from work, family, financial troubles,

depression and other causes.

Yusuf,

professor

of

medicine

at

Canada's

McMaster

University

and

senior

investigator

on

the

study~

they

accounted

for

30%

of

overall

heart-attack

risk.

But

people

respond

differently

to

high-pressure

work

situations. Whether it produces heart problems seems to depend on whether you have a sense of control over life, or

live at the mercy of circumstances and superiors. (24)That was the experience of John O'Connell, a Rockford , Ill.,

laboratory manager, who suffered his first heart attack in 1996, at the age of 56. In the two years before, his mother

and two of his children had suffered serious illnesses, and his job had been changed in the reorganization.

seemed completely out of control,

block in his artery. Two months later, he had a triple bypass surgery. (25)A second heart attack when he was 58 left

his doctor shaking his head.

23. What does the passage mainly discuss?

B)

【精析】推 理判断题。短文开篇即提到了

stress

和

< br>heart

disease

，接下来，短文提到有研究 表明，大多数

心脏病患者的发病都与压力相关。在短文后半部分，以

John 0?Connell

的个人经历说明，他所经受的压力对

他的心脏产生了严重的影响。

24. What do we learn about John O'Connell's family?

A)

【精析】推理判断题。短文中提到，

John < /p>

0?Connell

在

1996

年首次心脏病发作，此前两年内，他的妈妈

和两个孩子都患上了严重的疾 病，他所工作的单位也经历了重组。因此，可以说在他发病前，他的家庭经

历了一系列的 不幸事件。

25. What did John O'Connell's doctors tell him whenhe had a second heart attack?

C)

【精析】事实细节题。短文 最后指出，当

John0?Connell

第二次病发时，医生 们都摇头表示他们已经无能

为力了。

Section C

26

．

are

supposed

to

句子的谓语 。空格后的

stuff

为动词原形，因此空【精析】句意推断题 。此处应填入动

词

(

词组

)

充当

l

格处应该会出现情态动词或不定式结构。结合录音填入

are supposed to,

意为应该

o

27

．

inserting

【精析】 语义推断题。此处应为动词的．

ing

形式，与

is

构成现在进行时。上文提到

“

填鸭

”

式

教学，此处提到是把信息

“

塞到

”

某人 的脑中。结合录音填人

insertin9

，意为

“

填入，塞入

”

。

28

．

drawing-out

【精析】语义推断题。空格前有定冠词

the

，后有介词

0f

，因此需要填人名词。上文提到一

般的教育理念都是认为要向学生脑子中塞信息，但是，格拉底却认为，教育者应该是将信息从学生脑海 提

取出来。结合录音填入

drawin9

．

out

，意为

“

< br>提取，抽取

”

。

29

．

distinguished

【精析】语义推断题。空格位于定冠词

the

和名词短 语

Harvard philosopher

之间，需要填人< /p>

形容词修饰名词。哈佛大学的哲学家，应该是

“

< br>杰出的，卓越的

”

。结合录音填入

distinguished

，意为

“

优秀

的，杰出的

”

。

30

．

spark

【精析】句意推断题。空格位于定冠词

the

和 介词

of

之间，需要填入名词，构成名词短语。哲学

< p>
家认为，上帝已经把知识置人人的心中，教育家要做的只是帮助人们发现这些火花，将其点燃。结合 录音

填入

spark

，意为

< p>
“

火花

”

。

31

．

flme

【精析】语义推断题。空格位于不定冠词

a

后， 应该填入可数名词。教育者应该是点燃人们心中知

识火花的人。结合录音填入

< p>
flame

，意为

“

火焰 ，火光

”

。

32

．

schooling

【精析】句 意推断题。空格位于介词

0f

之后，故应填人名词，充当介词的 宾语。苏格拉底以

一个小男孩为例，

说明了教育的真谛，

这个孩子一天学也没上过。

结合录音填入

sc hoolin9

，

意为

“

学校教育，

上学

”

。

33

．

contr oversies

【精析】并列关系题。空格位于连词

and< /p>

之后，

and

连接两个并列成分，

discussions

为名

词复数形式，因此空格处应该填入名词复数形式。结合录音填人

contro versies

，意为

“

争议，异议， 争论

”

。

34

．

al e concerned with

【精析】句意推断题。空格处应该填人动词

(

词组

)

，构成句子的谓语。关于教育的讨

论都没有用，因为他们所关注的都是如何将知识导人到学生脑海，而不是怎样帮助他们提取知识 。结合录

音填入

are concerned with

，意为

“

关心，忙于

”

。

35

．

dissatisfaction

【精析】语义推断题。此空位 于物主代词

his

之后，应该填人名词作物主代词的宾语。有< /p>

位大学生曾经表达了他的看法，他对

“

填 鸭

”

式的教学十分不满。结合录音填入

dissatisfaction

，意为

“

不满

”

。

Part

Ⅲ

Reading

Comprehension

Section A

【文章来源】

本文选自

2014

年

1

月

18

< br>日刊登在

The Economist(

《经济学人》< /p>

)

上的一篇标题为

“Coming to an

Office Near You”(

< br>《近在咫尺的威胁》

)

的文章。

【结构框图】

创新是发展进步的灵丹妙药，经常 导致人们失业。工业革命时期，机械织布机使手工纺织工人被扫地

出门。在过去的三十年 里，数码革命让很多中级技能工种消失了，而正是这些工作支撑了

20

< br>世纪中产阶级

的生活。打字员、票务代理、银行柜员还有很多生产线上的岗位都被 摒弃了，就像纺织工人被摒弃了一样。

对于那 些相信技术进步使世界更美好的人们，这种混乱是新兴利益的正常组成部分。虽然创新使一些

工作消失，但也创造出新的及更好的工作，因为一个更高产的社会变得更加富裕，更加富裕的居民将会要

求得到更多的产品和服务。一百年前，三分之一的美国工人受雇于农场工作。现在不到

2

％的美国工人却能

生产出更多的粮食。这并 没有导致从土地上解脱出来的数以百万计的人们失业，他们随着经济发展的愈加

复杂化找 到了薪水更高的工作。今天，秘书职位的数量减少了，但出现了更多的计算机程序员和网站设计

< br>师。

乐观仍然是正确的起点，但对工人 来讲，技术的混乱效应可能比它的节奏明显更快。即使出现了新工

作和极好的产品，短时 期内收入差距还会加大，这将会造成巨大的社会混乱，甚至可能造成政治变革。技

术的影 响力就像一阵旋风，先吹过富国，最终也会掠过较为贫穷的国家。没有一个政府为之作好了准备。

36

．【考点】动词辨析题。

N)

【语法判断】空格位于系动词

were< /p>

之后，副词

aside

之前，据此推断应 填入动词的过去分词，且该动词

应可与

aside

构成固定搭配，所填入的词与

were

一起构成句子 的谓语。【语义判断】根据首句可知，创新

导致很多人失业。

本 句意思为

“

机械织布机使手工纺织工人失业

”

，

故答案为

swept“

扫除，

清除

”

，

sweep aside

为固定搭配，意思为

“

把

……

移到一边

< br>”

。

37

．【考点】动词辨析题。

B)

【语法判断】空格位于

has

< p>
之后，名词词组

many ofthe mid

．

skill jobs

之前， 故应填入动词过去分词，构

成现在完成时。【语义判断】根据句意，在过去的三十年里， 数码革命使很多中级技能工种

___

。下一句讲

到，就像纺织工人被摒弃了一样，打字员、票务代理、银行柜员和很多生产线上的岗位都被摒弃了。由此

推断，空格处应填入一个词表示中级技能工种消失。由此可知答案为

displaced“

取消

”

。< /p>

38

．【考点】名词辨析题。

A)

【语法判断】空格位于形容词

risin 9

之后，应填入名词。

【语义判断】第二段阐述了创新能创造新 的工作

岗位，这可以被看作是一种由创新带来的利益，故答案为

benefits“

利益；福利

”

。< /p>

39

．【考点】形容词辨析题。

H)

【语法判断】空格位于

a mor e

和

society

之间，故应填入形 容词构成形容词比较级结构。【语义判断】根

据句意，因为一个

____

更社会变得更加富裕，更加富裕的居民将会要求得到更多的产品和服务。接下来 作

者举例指出，现在不到

2

％的美国工 人却生产出更多粮食，由此推断这是一个

“

高产的

”

社会，故答案为

productive“

多产的

”

。

40

．【考点】动词辨析题。

C)

【语法判断】空格位于系动词

was

之后，介词短语

on a farm

之前， 应填入及物动词的过去分词构成被动

语态。【语义判断】根据句意，三分之一的美国工人 被

____

在农场里干活。选项提供的五个动词中，只剩

下

employed“

雇用

< br>”

，

shrunk“

萎缩

”

和

withdrawn“

< br>退出；取消

”

还没有选，结合上下文语境可知答案为

employed“

雇用

”

。

41

．【考点】形容词辨析题。

F)

【语法判断】空格位于动词

rende red

之后，本题实际上是对

render

用法的考查。

render

后面加形容词，有

“

使

……

怎么样

”

的含义。

【语义判断 】

前半句指出，

这并没有导致从土地上解脱出来的数以百万计的 人们

___

，

后半旬接着指出这些人找 到了薪水更高的工作。由此可知，这些人没有失业，故答案为

jo

bless“

失业的

”

。

< p>

42

．【考点】动词辨析题。

M)

【语法判断】空格位于助动词

has

之后，据此判断应填入动词过去分词，构成现在完成时。【语义判断】

根据句意，秘书职位的数量

___

了，但出现了更多其他职位 。由转折词

but

可知，前后两个分句是转折关系，

< p>
其他职位增多，与之相反的是秘书职位的减少。由此可知答案为

shrun k

“

萎缩

”

，

“

萎缩

”

这 一概念可以表示

数量的减少。

43

．【考点】名词辨析题。

K)

【语法判断】该空格位于形容词性物主代词

its

之后，应填入名词。

【语义判断】根据句意，对工人来 讲，

技术的混乱效应比技术的节奏明显要快，由此可知答案为

r hythm“

节奏

”

。

44

．【考点】名词辨析题。

E)

【语法判断】该空格位于名词所有格之后，谓语动词之前，因此应填入名词

作句子主语。【语义判断】根据句意，此处是指技术的影响力就像一阵旋风。由此可知答案为< /p>

impact“

影响

力

< br>”

。

45

．【考点】副词辨析题。

D)

【语法判断】该空格位于转折 连词

but

之后，现在分词

sweep in9

之前，应填

入副词。【语义判断】根据句意，此处是指技 术的影响力就像一阵旋风，先吹过富国，最终也会掠过较为

贫穷的国家，填入的副词应显 示出时间发展的先后顺序。由此可知答案为

eventually“

最后

”

。

Section B

【文章来源】

本 文选自

Intelligent L

咖

《智慧生活》

(

)

杂志，

2014

年

5

／

< p>
6

月刊，

标题为

“Why the Mona Lisa Stands

Out”(

《为 什么

(

蒙娜丽莎

>

能脱颖而出》

)

。

【结构框图】

参考译文

为什么《蒙娜丽莎》能脱颖而出

A)

你是否曾痴迷于某部小说，却惊奇地发现这本书没有被列为名 著

?

或者你是否曾在被誉为经典的雕塑旁

徘徊不定，

努力想看出它有什么名堂

?

如果是这样的话，

你可能已经在仔细考虑心理学家詹姆斯

·< /p>

卡廷曾问过

自己的问题：一件艺术作品是如何被认为伟大的

?

B)

出于直 觉的答案是一些艺术作品确实伟大：就其本身而言是质量上乘的。随着时间的推移，那些能够

占据画廊的主要展区，能够在学校被教授，并在各种书籍中重现再版的绘画已经证明了它们的艺术价值。

如果你看不到它们的独到之处，那就是你自己的问题了。这样解释令人不安，也很高明。

(47)

但是，一些社

会科学家对该解释提 出了一些令人尴尬的问题，他们提出了这种可能性经典的艺术作品比僵化的历史事件

强不 了多少。

C)

< br>康奈尔大学的卡廷教授想知道被称为

“

单纯曝光效应

”

的心理机制在判断哪些作品是文化瑰宝方面是否

< br>发挥了作用。卡廷设计了一个实验来检验他的直觉。在讲课的过程中，他定期地给本科生看一些印象派的< /p>

作品，每次看两秒钟。有些绘画是收录于艺术史书籍的经典之作，有些作品却没有这么出名 ，但质量可与

那些经典之作媲美。第二类作品向学生展示的次数是第一类作品的四倍。< /p>

(49)

结果，这些学生更喜欢第二类

作 品，而对照组的学生则最喜欢经典之作。卡廷的学生之所以变得喜欢第二类作品仅仅是因为他们看到这

< p>
些作品的次数更多。

D)

卡廷认为他的实验为经典作品 是如何产生的提供了线索。他指出，当今翻印最多的印象派作品大多在

19

世纪末被五六名富裕并有影响力的收藏家购买。这些人的喜好使某些作品享有盛誉，从而使这些作品更

有可能挂在画廊里并作为收藏品被印刷。这种名气流传数年后，随着曝光率越来越高，名 气势不可挡。人

们看这些作品看得越多，就越喜欢这些作品，这些作品就会更多地出现在 书籍、海报和大型展览上。同时，

学者和评论家为这些作品的卓越创造了精准正当的理由 。毕竟，不仅普通群众倾向于对那些曝光率高的作

品评价更高。正如当代艺术家沃霍尔和 达明

·

赫斯特所理解的那样，

(51)

评论家的赞誉和宣传息息相关。卡

廷称：

“

从单纯的曝光效果来看，学者和民众的作用是一样的。

”< /p>

E)

(4 6)

卡廷描述的过程启发社会学家邓肯

·

沃茨提出了一个原则，

即

“

累积优势

”

：

一旦某件事流行起来，

< p>
这

件事往往会变得更受欢迎。现在受聘于微软公司的沃茨研究社交网络的动 力。几年前，他在巴黎的另外一

家博物馆中也有过与卡廷类似的经历。他排队观看陈列在 卢浮宫博物馆里控制温度的防弹箱中的《蒙娜丽

莎》后，总是感到很困惑：

(46)

似乎没有人注意到达

·

芬奇还有另外三幅画陈列在上一个展厅，人们为什么

认为《蒙娜丽莎》比那三幅画好 呢

?

F)

(53)

沃茨研究了

“

有史以来最伟 大的油画

”

的历史后发现，《蒙娜丽莎》在大部分时期都相对来 说没有名

气。在

19

世纪

50

年代，人们认为达

·

芬 奇赶不上文艺复兴时期提香和拉斐尔这样的艺术巨匠，他们作品的

价值几乎是《蒙娜丽莎 》的十倍。直到

20

世纪，达

·

芬奇所画的赞助人的妻子的画像才飙升至首要位置。造

成这一现象的并 不是学者的重新评估，而是一次盗窃。

G)

1911

年，卢浮宫的一个维护人员 把《蒙娜丽莎》藏在工作服下面离开了博物馆。巴黎人得知这幅画失

窃之后感到非常震惊 ，而在此之前，他们很少关注这幅画。博物馆重新开放时，人们排队去看《蒙娜丽莎》

曾 经悬挂的地方，而这幅画从没得到过这种礼遇。从那时起，《蒙娜丽莎》本身就代表了西方文化。

H)

尽管许多人作过尝试，这幅画能拥有如此殊荣似 乎并不完全是因为其绘画技巧精湛。有人说画中人物的

眼睛会跟着观赏人在房间里走。< /p>

但正如该作品的传记作者唐纳德

·

萨松冷 冷地指出：

“

在现实生活中，

任何一< /p>

幅肖像画都会产生这样的效果。

”

邓肯< /p>

·

沃茨提出，《蒙娜丽莎》仅是一般规则的一个极端例子。

(48)

绘画、

诗词和流行歌曲会因一些产生 影响的随机事件或人们的偏好载沉载浮，世代传承。

I)

布莱恩

·

伊 诺曾经写道：

“

说文物有价值，就像是在说电话能交谈。

”

(55)

几乎我们所欣赏的所有文物都打< /p>

着前人的观点烙印；在一定程度上，我们的喜好都是别人的喜好。去观赏《蒙娜丽莎》的游 客知道他们将

要欣赏到最伟大的艺术作品，离开时要么为之倾倒，要么失望。观看《哈姆 雷特》演出的观众知道它被奉

为天才的作品，他们大部分也会这么认为。沃茨甚至把莎士 比亚的卓越也称为

“

偶然的历史事件

”

。

J)

(54)

虽然

20

世纪

60

年代就没有严格的等级区分了，人们仍然会用文化 来象征身份。哥伦比亚大学心理

学家夏姆斯

·

< br>汗认为，如今流行的折中主义

——“

我爱巴赫、阿巴乐队 以及

Jay

Z(

美国最佳说唱歌手， 译者

注

)

——

是中产阶级用来区分自己不同于那些他们认为品位单一的社会等级在他们之下的人的一种新手段。

K)

(50)

艺术作品的内在价值似乎正在变成最不重要的一个属性。

但或许其重要性 要高于社会科学家所认为

的。首先，某个作品需要有一定的质量才能脱颖而出。《蒙娜丽 莎》也许并不能世界顶级作品，但它是卢

浮宫首屈一指的珍品，而这并不是偶然。其次， 有些作品就是比其他作品更好。读过莎士比亚同时代作家

的最伟大的著作之后，再阅读《 哈姆雷特》，孰高孰低显而易见，无可争辩。

L)

< p>
《英国美学杂志》上的一项研究表明，

“

曝光效应

”

并不适用于所有的事物，并对经典作品的产生方式得出

了不同的结论。社会科学家们说得对，我们应该对经典作品抱有适当的怀疑态度，并且我们应该 经常看看

隔壁展厅。甚至是专家也可能会分不清伟大的艺术和平庸的作品。

(52)

但是，这就是为什么我们需要尽可能

地多看 、多读。我们接触到的好东西和坏东西越多，就越能明白它们的区别。折中主义者就是这样。

46

．【定位

1

由题干中的

Duncan Watts

，

superioritv

和

cumulative advantage

定位到

E)

段首句 和末句。

E)

【精析】细节归纳题。 该段首句指出了邓肯．沃茨提出的

“

累积优势

< br>”

原则。末句又指出，沃茨发现达

?

芬

奇还有另外三幅画陈列在上一个展厅，但似乎没有人注意到，人们认为《蒙娜丽莎 》要比另外三幅画有优

势。由此可知，沃茨认为达

·

< p>
芬奇的《蒙娜丽莎》比另外三幅画有优势的原因是

“

累积优势

”

原则：一旦某件

事流行起 来，这件事往往会变得更受欢迎。题干是对定位句内容的概括。其中，题干中的

supe riority

对应定

位句中的

sup erior

，故答案为

E)

。

47

．【定位

1

由题干中的

social scient ists

和

raiseddoubts

定位到

B)

段末句。

B)

【精析】细节推断题。定位句提到，一些社会科学家提出了一些令人尴尬的 问题，认为经典的艺术作品

比僵化的历史事件强不了多少。题干是对定位句的推断，题干 中的

raised

doubts

对应 定位句中的

askin9…questions

，故答案为

B)

。

48

．【定位】由题干中的

random events

和

preferences

定位到

H)

段末句。

H)

【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，绘画、诗词和流行歌曲会因一些产生影响的随机事件或人们的偏好

载沉载浮，世代传承。题干中的

determine the lfate

对应定位句中的

buoyed or sunk

，

a piece of lart

< br>对应定位

句中的

Paintings

，

poems and pop

『

songs

，故答案为

H)

。

49

．【定位

1

由题干中的

experiment

，

Cuttin9

和

Jcanonic al works

定位到

c)

段最后两 句。

C)

【精析】同

义转述题。定位句提到 ，实验结果表明这些学生更喜欢第二类作品，而对照组的学生则最喜欢经典之作。

卡廷的 学生之所以变得喜欢第二类作品仅仅是因为他们看到这些作品的次数更多。题干中的

hi s

subjects

对

应定位句中的

the fstudents

，题于中的

because of more exposure

是

J

对应 定位句中

because they had seen them

more l

的同义转述，故答案为

c )

。

50

．【 定位

1

由题干中的

an art work

和

intrinsic value I

定位到

K)

段首句。

K)

【精析】细节推断题。定位句提到，艺术作品的内『在价值似乎 正在变成最不重要的一个属性。但第二

句紧接着指出，或许其重要性要高于社会科学家所 认为的。题干是对定位句内容的概括。其中，题干中的

intrinsic value

对应定位句中的

intrinsic qualit y

，故答案为

K)

。

< br>

51

．【定位】由题干中的

c ritics

，

ordinary people

和

publicity

定位到

D)

段最后两句。

D)

< p>
【精析】细节归纳题。定位句提到，评论家的赞誉和宣传息息相关。卡廷认为从单纯的曝光效果来看 ，

学者和民众的作用是一样的。题干中的

isclosely associated with

对应定位句中的

is deeply entwined with

，故

答案为

D)

。

52

．【定位】由题干中的

expose

和

tell the superior from the inferior

定位到

L)

段倒数第二句。

L)

【精析】同义转述题。定位旬提到，这就是为什么我们需要 尽可能地多看、多读，我们接触到的好东西

和坏东西越多，就越能明白它们的区别。题干 中的

expose ourselves t0

对应定位句中的

we?rexposed t0

，题干

中的

the superior

和

the inferior

分别对应定位句中的

the good

和

the bad

，故答案为

L)

。

53

．【定位

1

由题干中的

the history of the greatestpaintings

定位到

F)

段首句。

F)

【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，沃茨研究了

“

有史以来最伟大的油画

”

的历史后发 现，《蒙娜丽莎》在

大部分时期都相对来说没有名气。题干中的

agreat work of art

指的就是定位句中的

the “Mona Lisa”< /p>

，题干中

的

experience years ofneglect

对应定位句中的

remained in relative obscurity

，故答案为

F)

。

54

．【定位】 由题干中的

Culture

和

dist inguish

定位到

J)

段首句。< /p>

J)

【精析】同义转述题。该定位句提 到，虽然

20

世纪

60

年代就没有严格的等级区分了，人们仍然会用文化

来象征身份。

题干中的

a mark

对应定位句中的

a badge

，

distinguish

对应定位句中的

< br>distinction

，

故答案为

J)

。

55

．【定位】由题干中的

0pinions

，

preferences

和

cultural obj ects

定位到

I)

段第二句。

I)

【精析】细节归纳题。定位句提到，几 乎我们所欣赏的所有文物都打着前人的观点烙印；在一定程度上，

我们的喜好都是别人的 喜好。题干是对定位句的归纳总结，题干中的

inheritable

< br>对应定位句中的

inherited

，

< br>故答案为

I)

。

Section C

Passage One

【文章来源】

本文选自

2014

年

1

月

2

日刊登在

TIME(< /p>

《

时代》

)

上的 一篇标题为

“The Bank Stops Here

，

，

(

《

银

行停止在这里》

)

的文章。

【结构框图】

参考译文

当一个 适当的人在适当的时机得到合适的工作，他的影响力就可以得到巨大的延展。珍妮特．耶伦有

望在一月份被确定为美联储下一任主席，她的职位就找到了适当的人选。

(56)< /p>

如果你像许多人一样，认为失

业是我们这个时代主要的经济和社会 关注点，那么认为耶伦是目前这个世界上最有权力的人物一点也不夸

张。

(57)

在

2008

年经济危机以及随后的衰退和复苏期间，中央银行承担了最后的经济刺激者的角 色，通过

巨额的资产买卖的方式擎起全球经济。耶伦曾是美联储的一个副主席，也是美联 储

3

．

8

万亿 资金库的主要

创造者之一。作为一位以人力市场开拓工作著称的明星经济家，耶伦还曾经 是对次级债消融的预警有早期

预见能力的女预言家。现在，她的工作将是带领美联储和市 场走出史上最大、最不寻常的金融项目，而又

不会脱离脆弱的经济复苏的轨迹。

好消息是现年

67

< br>岁的耶伦非常适合接受这些挑战。她对金融市场有准确的理解，她理解经济的不完美

性并且坚定地相信人类的疾苦更主要的是与失业而不是其他因素相关。

一些专家担心耶伦会过度关注失业而忽视了通货膨胀。

(58)

但是，

在薪金依然比较固定而富人与长期失

业者的经济状况分化不断加剧的形势下，更多人的担心与前者恰恰相反

—

通货紧缩，这会加剧经济问题。

另一方 面，这位未来的美联储主席将不得不找到适当的方法缓慢终止这一刺激。必须稳步推进，去除

泡沫，实现市场着陆，又不能太快而造成另外一场经济危机。

(59)

与以往的许多美联储领导人不同，

耶伦不相信金融行业应该自我规范运行的论调。

她一直就知道美

联储对于经济的监管一直都过于松弛。

(59 )

耶伦很司能在将失业率降低到

6

％以 下之后就着手解决这一问题，稳定市场并确保经济复苏更具包

容性和生命力。

< p>
(60)

正如普林斯顿大学教授艾伦

·

< p>
布朗德所说：

“

她聪明得像鞭子，很有逻辑，乐于 争辩，同

时也是一个很好的倾听者。她能够劝服别人而又不会产生敌意。

”

所有这些特点都将是很有用的，因为这位

全球经济的 新掌权人需要解决最为棘手的问题。

56

．

【定位】

NN-P0

的

many people

和

the biggest

『

c)[

解析

l

细节辨认题。

定位句指出，

很多人都认为

< br>problem

定位到首段第三句。失业是这个时代主要的经济和社会关注点，故 答案为

C)

。

57

．【定位】由题干中的

the 2008 financial crisis

和人物关键词

Y ellen

定位到第二段前两句。

D )

【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，在

2008

年经济危机及随后的衰退和复苏期间，中央银行通过资产买

卖的方式擎起全球 经济，而耶伦又帮助美联储聚集了巨额资金。综合分析，可以推断出耶伦帮助美联储通

过 资产买卖向市场注入资金，故答案为

D)

。

58

．【定位】根据题干中的

g reater concern

和

the general p ublic

定位到第四段第二句。

B)

【精析】推理判断

题。由第四段第一句可知，一些专家担心耶伦会忽视通货膨胀问题，而 定位句反驳了这一观点，指出更多

人担心的恰恰与之相反，即由于薪金相对比较固定，以 及富人和长期失业者的经济差距不断加大，通货紧

缩才是主要问题，故答案为

< p>
B)

。

59

．【定位】由题干中的

the Fed chief

以及题文同序原则定位到第六段。

C)

【精析】推理判断题。定位段指出，耶伦不相信金融行业能够自我 规范运行，她认为美联

济监管方面过于松弛。而随后的第七段 首句也指出，她即将着手解决这一问题，故可推知她将要加紧金融

制度，故答案为

C)

。

60

．【定位】由题干中的

Alan Blinder

定位到最后一段。

A )

【精析】推理判断题。定位段指出，艾伦

·

< br>布朗德认为耶伦十分聪明，很有逻辑，乐于争辩也善于倾听，

同时还能够在不让对 方产生敌意的情况下劝服别人，可见她有很强的说服力，故答案为

A)

< br>。

空气污染在全球很多地方正在变得日益严重。城市公园从日出 之时就挤满了人，这证明人们是多么渴

望在绿色、开阔的空间呼吸。虽然他们不见得都知 道自己寻找的是什么，但他们还是聚集在那里。在那种

环境中，他们一般会感觉到平静安 详。在花园里极少会看见人们争斗。

(61)

也许争斗最初发生 不是在经济或

者社会层面，而是对空气占有方面，空气对生命本身是至关重要的。如果人 类能够呼吸和分享空气，他们

就没有必要相互争斗了。

不幸的是，在我们西方的传统中，无论唯物主义还是唯心主义理论家，对于这个生命的基本条 件都没

有给予充分的考虑。

(62)

至 于政治家们，尽管他们建议控制环境污染，但并没有要求将污染环境人罪。富有

的国家甚 至获准污染环境，只要付钱就行。

但是，我们的生命除了钱以 外就没有其他有价值的东西了吗

?

植物世界无言地向我们展示了 忠实于生命的内

涵。它还引领我们来到一个新的起点，督促我们关注我们的呼吸，不仅在 生命层面，还在精神层面。

(63)

我们需要密切关注的是存在 于我们自身与植物世界之间的相互依赖。覆盖地球表面的森林常常被描述为

“

< p>
这

个星球的肺

”

，它们通 过释放氧气，向我们馈赠可呼吸的空气。但是，它们清洁被工业污染的空气的能力早

已达 到极限。如果我们缺少健康生活所需的空气，那是因为我们在其中充斥了化学物质并削弱了植被能使

其再生的能力。正如我们所知的，快速地砍伐森林并伴随大规模的矿物燃烧是不可逆转的灾害的导火索 。

(64)

关于资源争夺的战争会把整 个星球带入地狱，除非人类学会相互之间、与植被之间分享生活。这项

任务同时具有道德 和政治意义，因为只有在每个人都能够承担也只有在大家共同承担时，才能完成。

(65 )

自然界教给我们的是，分享生活可以拓展生命空间，提升生命层次，而将生命分为所谓 的自然和人类资源

贬低了它。我们必须学会将空气、植被和我们自己视为保护生命和成长 的贡献者，而不是任由我们支配量

化物品和生产潜能的网络。也许到那时我们能最终学会 生活，而不是仅仅关注生存。

61

．【定位】由题干中的

struggle

定位到首段最后两句。

A)

【精析 】细节辨认题。定位句明确指出，争斗最初发生不是在经济或者社会层面，而是在对空气占有方

< br>面。如果人类能够呼吸和分享空气，也许就不会再彼此争斗，故答案为

A)

。

62

．【定位】 由题干中的

politicians

定位到第二段第二句。

D)

【精析】推理判断题。由定位句可知 ，政治家们尽管建议控制环境污染，但并未要求将污染环境人罪，

也就是说他们未能用法 律手段限制环境污染，故答案为

D)

。

63

．【定位】根据题干中的

clos est attention

定位到第三段第四句。

B)

【精析】细节辨认题。定位句明 确指出，我们与植物世界相互依存，我们应该密切地关注这一点。换句

话说，作者想要引 起我们密切关注的是我们与植物世界相互依存的关系，故答案为

B)

。

64

．【定位】由题干中的< /p>

accomplish

及

planet< /p>

定位到第四段前两句。

D)

< p>
【精析】推理判断题。定位句说明，争夺资源的斗争会将我们的星球带人地狱，除非人类懂得相互之 间、

与植被之间分享生活，这一任务只有在每一个人都承担起责任并且大家共同承担时才 能完成，可见要保护

地球必须集合众人的努力，故答案为

D)< /p>

。

65

．【定位】由题干中的

just to survive

和题文同序原则定位到最后一段。

C)

【精析】推理判断题。由定位段可知，分享生活可以拓展生命空 间，提升生命层次，我们要将空气、植

被和我们自己均视为保护生命和成长的贡献者，而 不是任由我们支配量化物品和生产潜能的网络，综合看

来，与自然分享生命是实现生活层 次提升至生存这一标准以上的根本途径，故答案为

C)

。

Part IV

Translation

The

traditional

Chinese hospitality requires that the foods served are so diverse that guests cannot eat up

all the dishes. A typical Chinese banquet menu includes cold

1

．翻译第一句时，可将

“

中 国传统的待客之道

”

处理为句子的主语，将

“

饭菜丰富多样

”

处理为宾语，将

“

让客

人吃不完

”

处理为结果状语。

2

< p>
．第二句中，

“

其后的热菜

”

可参考译文采用被动语态

followed by dishes served at the beginning, followed by

hot

dishes,

such

as

meat,

poultry,vegetables, and so on. At most banquets, the whole fish is considered to

be essential,unless various kinds of seafood have been served. Nowadays, Chinese people would like to combine

Western specialties with traditional Chinese dishes. Therefore, it is not rare to see steak being served, either.

Salad

has

also

been

catching

on,

although

traditionally

Chinese

people

generally

dc

not

eat

any

food

without

cooking.

There

is

usually

at

least

a

bowl

of

soup,

served

either

at

the

beginning

or

in

the

end

of

the

banquet.

Desserts and fruit usually mark the end of the banquet. hot dishes

，

也 可翻译为独立主格结构作伴随状语，

即

with

the hot dishes followed

；

“

例如肉类、鸡鸭、蔬菜等

”

< br>是对

“

热菜

”

< br>的举例说明，用

such as

引导。

3

．

第三句中的

“

全鱼被认为是

……”

可用被动语态，

“

必不可少的

”

可译为

essent ial

或

indispensable

，

“

除非

……”

表明该句包含一个条件状语从句，可用

unless

引导。< /p>

4

．

第五句包 含一个让步状语从句，

表示

“

尽管

”

含义的让步状语从句常见的引导词有

th ough

，

although

，

despite

等；

“

流行

”

的表达方式有很多，

如

prevalent

，

popular

，

fashionable

，

catch on

等。

因此，

本句也可以译为

Despite

the fact that traditionally Chinese people don?t like to eat any dishes without cookin9

，

salad has also been popular

。

5

．

翻译第六句中的

“

可以最先 或最后上桌

”

时可处理为独立主格结构。

最后一句的翻译相对简单，

“

标志

… …

的结束

”

可用短语

< br>mark the end of…

来表达。

cordial hospitality

盛情款待

the way to host visitors

待客之道

cuisine

烹饪

a sumptuous feast

丰盛的宴席

dinner party

晚餐派对

western-style food

西餐

201 5

年

6

月英语六级真题及答案（第二套 ）

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions For this part, you are allowed 80 minutes to write an essay commenting on Alert

Einstein'sremark

example or two toillustrate your point of view. You should write at least 15 words but no more

than 200 words.

注意：此部分试 题请在答题卡

1

上作答。

Part

Ⅱ

Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At

the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. BOth the

conversation

and

the

questions

will

be

spoken

only

once.

After

each

question

there

will

be

a

pause.

During the pause , you must

read the four choices marked A ), B., C. and D., and decide which is the best answer. Then mark

the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡< /p>

1

上作答。

1. A. The woman thinks she is cleverer than the man.

B. The man behaves as if he were a thorough fool.

C. The man is unhappy with the woman's remark.

D. The woman seldom speaks highly of herself.

2. A. Three crew members were involved in the incident.

B. None of the hijackers carried any deadly weapons.

C. None of the passengers were injured or killed.

D. The plane had been scheduled to fly to Japan.

3. A. At a travel agency.

B. At a hotel front desk.

C. At a checkout counter.

D. At a commercial bank.

4. A. Chinatown has got the best restaurants in the city.

B. The critic thought highly of the Chinese restaurant.

C. The restaurant places many ads in popular magazines.

D. The restaurant was not up to the speakers' expectations.

5. A. ProL Laurence is going into an active retirement.

B. ProL Laurence has stopped conducting seminars.

C. The professor's graduate seminar is well received.

D. The professor will lead a quiet life after retirement.

6. A. signing Leon to a new position.

B. Finding a replacement for Leon.

C. Aranging for Rodney's visit tomorrow.

D. Finding a solution to Rodney's problem.

7. A. Photography is one of Helen's many hobbies.

B. Helen asked the man to book a ticket for her.

C. The photography exhibition will close tomorrow.

D. Helen has been looking forward to the exhibition.

8. A. The speakers share the same opinion.

B. Steve knows how to motivate employees.

C. The man has a better understanding of Steve.

D. The woman is out of touch with the real world.

Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

9. A. It is well paid.

B. It is stimulating.

C. It is demanding.

D. It is fairly secure.

10. A. A quick promotion.

B. Free accommodation.

C. Moving expenses.

D. A lighter workload.

11. A. He has difficulty communicating with local people.

B. He has to spend a lot more traveling back and forth.

C. He has trouble adapting to the local weather.

D. He has to sign a long-term contract.

12. A. The woman will help the man make a choice.

B. The man is going to attend a job interview.

C. The man is in the process of job hunting.

D. The woman sympathizes with the man.

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

13. A. To inquire about the interest rates at the woman's bank.

B. To inquire about the current financial market situation.

C. To see if he can find a job in the woman's company.

D. To see if he can get a loan from the woman's bank.

14. A. Long-term investment.

B. A three-month deposit.

C. Any high-interest deposit.

D. Any high-yield investment.

15. A. She treated him to a meal.

B. She gave him loans at low rates.

C. She offered him dining coupons.

D. She raised interest rates for him.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear3 short passages. At the end of eachpassage, you will

hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear

a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B ), C ) and D ).

Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

1

作答。

Passage One

Questions 16 to 18 are bused on the passage you have just heard.

16. A. Strict professional training.

B. Years of practical experience.

C. A refined taste for artistic works.

D. The ability to predict fashion trends.

17. A. Purchasing handicrafts from all over the world.

B. Conducting trade in art works with dealers overseas.

C. Strengthening cooperation with foreign governments.

D. Promoting all kinds of American hand-made specialties.

18. A. She has access to fashionable things.

B. She can enjoy life on a modest salary.

C. She is doing what she enjoys doing.

D. She is free to do whatever she wants.

Passage Two

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A. It is a Portuguese company selling coffee in New York.

B. Its most important task is to conduct coffee studies.

C. It represents several countries that export coffee.

D. Its role is to regulate international coffee prices.

20. A. The freezing weather in Brazil.

B. The impact of global warming.

C. The increased coffee consumption.

D. The fluctuation of coffee prices.

21. A. He is doing a bachelor's degree.

B. He is young, handsome and single.

C. He is a heavy coffee drinker.

D. He is tall, rich and intellieent.

22. A. A visit to several coffee- growing plantations.

B. Coffee prices and his advertising campaign.

C. A vacation on some beautiful tropical beach.

D. A quick promotion and a handsome income.

Passage Three

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

23. A. They were held up in a traffic jam.

B. They boarded a wrong coach in a hurry.

C. They were late for the first morning bus.

D. They were delayed by the train for hours.

24. A. It was canceled because of an unexpected strike.

B. It was the most exciting trip they ever had.

C. It was spoiled by poor accommodations.

D. It was postponed due to terrible weather.

25. A. Go overseas.

B. Stay at home.

C. Take romantic cruises.

D. Take escorted trips.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for

the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for

the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks

with the exact

words

you have just

heard.

Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

< p>
1

上作答。

Why would an animal kill itself? It seems a strange question, and yet it is one that has

26 some people for a long time. The lemming (

旅鼠

) is one such animal. Lemmings periodically

commit mass 27, and no one knows just why!

The small 28, which inhabit the Scandinavian mountains, sustain themselves on a diet of

roots and live in nests they make underground. When their food supply is 29 large, the

lemmings live a normal, undisturbed life.

However, when the lemmings' food supply becomes too low to support the population, a

singular30 commences. The lemmings leave their nests all together at the same time, forming

huge crowds. Great numbers of the lemmings begin a long and hard journey across the Scandinavian

plains,

z

journey

that

may

last

weeks.

The

lemmings

eat

everything

in

their

path,

continuing

their

31 march until they reach the sea.

The

reason

for

what

follows

remains

a

mystery

for

zoologists

and

naturalists.

Upon

reaching

the coast, the lemmings do not stop but swim by the thousands into the surf. Most 32 only

a short time before they tire, sink, and drown.

A common theory for this unusual phenomenon is that the lemmings do not realize that the

ocean is such 33 water. In their cross-country journey, the animals must traverse many

smaller bodies of water, such as rivers and small lakes. They may 34 that the sea is just

another such swimmable

35. But no final answer has been found to the mystery.

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one

word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the

passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by

a

letter.

Please

mark

the

corresponding

letter

for

each

item

on

Answer

Sheet

2

with

a

single

line

through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

put

this

36 into

practice.

Now

technology

has

become

the

new

field

for

the

age-old

battle

between

adults

en adults and their freedom-seeking kids.

Locked indoors, unable to get on their bicycles and hang out with their friends, teens have

turned

to

social

media

and

their

mobile

phones

to

socialize

with

their

peers.

What

they

do

online

often 37what they might otherwise do if their mobility weren't so heavily .38 in the age

of

helicopter

parenting.

Social

media

and

smart- phone

apps

have

become

so

popular

in

recent

years

because teens need a place to call their own. They want the freedom to 39 their identity

and the world around them.

Instead of 40 out, they jump online.

As

teens

have

moved

online,

parents

have

projected

their

fears

onto

the

Internet,

imagining

all the41 dangers that youth might face--from 42 strangers to cruel peers to pictures

or words that could haunt them on Google for the rest of their lives.

Rather than helping teens develop strategies for negotiating public life and the risks of

43 with others, fearful parents have focused on tracking, monitoring and blocking. These

tactics

(

策略

)

don't

help

teens

develop

the

skills

they

need

to

manage

complex

social

situations,44

risks and get help

when

they're

in

trouble.

kids

may

feel

like

the

right

thing

to

do,

but

it 45 the

learning that teens need to do as they come of age in a technology-soaked world.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡< /p>

2

上作答。

A. assess

ained

ns

e

nce

cting

retation

ied

I. mirrors

ophy

ial

ng

ng

N. undermines

O. violent

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to

it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph

from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph

is

marked

with

a

letter.

Answer

the

questions

by

marking

the

corresponding

letter

on

Answer

Sheet

2.

Inequality Is Not Inevitable

A) A dangerous trend has developed over this past third of a century. A country that

experienced shared growth after World War

Ⅱ

began to tear apart, so much so that when the Great

Recession hit in late 2007, one could no longer ignore the division that had come to define the

American economic landscape. How did this

with the greatest level of inequality?

B)

Over

the

past

year

and

a

half,

The

Great

Divide,

a

series

in

The

New

York

Times,

has

presented

a wide range of examples that undermine the notion that there are any truly fundamental laws of

capitalism. The dynamics of the imperial capitalism of the 19th century needn't apply in the

democracies of the 21st. We don't need to have this much inequality in America.

C) Our current brand of capitalism is a fake capitalism. For proof of this go back to our

response

to

the

Great

Recession,

where

we

socialized

losses,

even

as

we

privatized

gains.

Perfect

competition should drive profits to zero, at least theoretically, but we have monopolies making

persistently high profits. C. E. O. s enjoy incomes that are on average 295 times that of the

typical

worker,

amuch

higher

ratio

han

in

the

past,

without

any

evidence

of

a

proportionate

increase

in productivity.

D)If it is not the cruel laws of economics that have led to America's great divide, what is

it?

The

straightforward

answer.,

our

policies

and

our

politics.

People

get

tired

of

hearing

about

Scandinavian success stories, but the fact of the matter is that Sweden, Finland and Norway have

all succeeded in having about as much or faster growth in per capita (

人均的

) incomes than the

United States and with far greater equality.

E) So

why

has America chosen these inequality-enhancing policies?

Part of the answer is that

as

World

War

Ⅱ

faded

into

memory,

so

too

did

the

solidarity

it

had

created.

As

America

triumphed

in the Cold War, there didn't seem to be a real competitor to our economic model. Without

this internat~ competition, we no longer had to show that our system could deliver for most

of our citizens.

F) Ideology and interests combined viciously. Some drew the wrong lesson from the collapse

of the Soviet system in 1991. The pendulum swung from much too much government there to much

too little here. Corporate interests argued for getting rid of regulations, even when those

regulations had done so much to protect and improve our environment, our safety, our health

and the economy itself.

G) But this ideology was hypocritical (

虚伪的

). The bankers, among the strongest advocates

of

laissez- faire

(

自由放任的

)

economics,

were

only

too

willing

to

accept

hundreds

of

billions

of dollars from the government in the aid programs that have been a recurring feature of the

global

economy

since

the

beginning

of

the

Thatcher-Reagan

era

of

markets

and

deregulation.

H) The American political system is overrun by money. Economic inequality translates into

political inequality, and political inequality yields increasing economic inequality. So

corporate welfare increases as we reduce welfare for the poor. Congress maintains subsidies

for

rich

farmers

as

we

cut back

on

nutritional

support

for

the

needy.

Drug

companies

have

been

given hundreds of billions of dollars as we limit Medicaid benefits. The banks that brought

on

the

global

financial

crisis

got

billions while

a

tiny

bit

went

to

the

homeowners

and

victims

of

the

same

banks'

predatory

(

掠夺性的

)

lending practices.

This

last

decision

was

particularly

foolish.

There

were

alternatives

to

throwing

money

at

the banks

and

hoping

it

would

circulate

through increased lending.

I) Our divisions are deep. Economic and geographic segregation has immunized those at the

top from the problems of those down below. Like the kings of ancient times, they have come

to perceive their privileged positions essentially as a natural right.

J) Our economy, our democracy and our society have paid for these gross inequalities. The

true test of an economy is not how much wealth its princes can accumulate in tax havens (

庇

护所

), but how well off the typical citizen is. But average incomes are lower than they were

a

quarter-century

ago.

Growth

has gone

to

the

very,

very

top,

whose

share

has

almost

increased

four

times

since

1980.

Money

that

was meant

to

have

trickled

(

流淌

)

down

has

instead

evaporated

in the agreeable climate of the Cayman Islands.

K) With almost a quarter of American children younger than 5 living in poverty, and with America

doing so little for its poor, the deprivations of one generation are being visited upon the

next.

Of

course,

no country

has

ever

come

close

to

providing

complete

equality

of

opportunity.

But why is America one of the advanced countries where the life prospects of the young are

most sharply determined by the income and education of their parents?

L)

Among

the

most

bitter

stories

in

The

Great

Divide

were

those

that

portrayed

the

frustrations

of the young, who long to enter our shrinking middle class. Soaring tuitions and declining

incomes have resulted in larger debt burdens. Those with only a high school diploma have seen

their incomes decline by 13 percent over the past 35 years.

M) Where justice is concerned, there is also a huge divide. In the eyes of the rest of the

world and a significant part of its own population, mass imprisonment has come to define

America --a country, it bears repeating, with about 5 percent of the world's population but

around a fourth of the world's prisoners.

N) Justice has becom~ a commodity, affordable to only a few. While Wall Street executives

used their expensive lawyers to ensure that their ranks were not held accountable for the

misdeeds that the crisis in 2008 so graphically revealed, the banks abused our legal system

to

foreclose

(

取消赎回权

)

on mortgages

and

eject

tenants,

some

of

whom

did

not

even

owe

money.

O)

More

than

a

half- century

ago,

America

led

the

way

in

advocating

for

the

Universal

Declaration

of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations in 1948. Today, access to health care is among

the most universally accepted rights, at least in the advanced countries. America, despite

the implementation of the

Affordable Care Act, is

the

exception. In

the relief that many felt

when the Supreme Court did not overturn the Affordable Care Act, the implications of the

decision for Medicaid were not fully appreciated. Obamacare's objective--to ensure that all

Americans have access to health care--has been blocked: 24 states have not implemented the

expanded Medicaid program, which was the means by which Obamacare was supposed to deliver on

its promise to some of the poorest.

P) We need not just a new war on poverty but a war to protect the middle class. Solutions

to these problems do not have to be novel. Far from it. Making markets act like markets would

be a good place to start. We must end the rent-seeking society we have gravitated toward, in

which the wealthy obtain profits by manipulating the system.

Q) The problem of inequality is not so much a matter of technical economics. It's really a

problem of practical politics. Inequality is not just about the top marginal tax rate but also

about our children's access to food and the right to justice for all. If we spent more on

education, health and infrastructure (

基础设施

), we would strengthen our economy, now and in

the future.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

2

上作答。

46. In theory, free competition is supposed to reduce the margin of profits to the minimum.

47. The United States is now characterized by a great division between the rich and the poor.

48. America lacked the incentive to care for the majority of its citizens as it found no rival

for its economic model.

49. The wealthy top have come to take privileges for granted.

50.

Many

examples

show

the

basic

laws

of

imperial

capitalism

no

longer

apply

in

present-day

America.

51. The author suggests a return to the true spirit of the market.

52. A quarter of the world's prisoner population is in America.

53. Government regulation in America went from one extreme to the other in the past two decades.

54. Justice has become so expensive that only a small number of people like corporate executives

can afford it.

55. No country in the world so far has been able to provide completely equal opportunities for

all.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or

unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. , B. , C. and D.. You

should

decide

on

the

best

choice

and

mark

the

corresponding

letter

on

Answer

Sheet

2

with

a

single

line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

I'll

admit

I've

never

quite

understood

the

obsession

(

难

以

破

除

的

成

见

)

surrounding

genetically modified (GM) crops. To environmentalist opponents, GM foods are simply evil, an

understudied. possibly harmful tool used by big agricultural businesses to control global seed

markets and crush local farmers. They argue that GM foods have never delivered on their supposed

promise, that money spent on GM crops would be better channeled to organic farming and that

consumers

should

be

protected

with

warning

labels

on

any

products

that

contain

genetically

modified

ingredients. To supporters, GM crops are a key part of the effort to sustainably provide food

to

meet

a

growing

global

population.

But

more

than

that,

supporters

see

the

GM

opposition

of

many

environmentalists

as

fundamentally

anti-science,

no

different

than

those

who

question

the

basics

of man-made climate change.

For both sides, GM foods seem to act as a symbol: you're pro-agricultural business or

anti-science. But science is exactly what we need more of when it comes to GM foods, which is

why I was happy to see Nature devote a special series of articles to the GM food controversy.

The

conclusion:

while

GM

crops

haven't

yet

realized

their

initial

promise

and

have

been

dominated

by agricultural businesses, there is reason to continue to use and develop them to help meet the

enormous challenge of Sustainably feeding a growing planet.

That

doesn't

mean

GM

crops

are

perfect,

or

a

one-size-fits-all

solution

to

global

agriculture

problems. But anything that can increase farming efficiency--the amount of crops we can produce

per acre of land-- will be extremely useful. GM crops can and almost certainly will be part of

that

suite

of

tools,

but

so

will

traditional

plant

breeding,

improved

soil

and

crop

management--and

perhaps

most

important

of

all,

better

storage

and

transport

infrastructure

(

基础设施

),

especially

in the developing world. (It doesn't do much good for farmers in places like sub-Saharan Africa

to

produce

more

food

if

they

can't

get

it

to

hungry

consumers.

)

I'd

like

to

see

more

non-industry

research done on GM crops--not just because we'd worry

less

about

bias,

but

also

because

seed

companies

like

Monsanto

and

Pioneer

shouldn't

be

the

only

entities working to harness genetic modification. I'd like to

see

GM research on

less commercial

crops, like corn. I don't think it's vital to label GM ingredients in food, but I also wouldn't

be against it--and industry would be smart to go along with labeling, just as a way of removing

fears about the technology.

Most of all, though, I wish a tenth of the energy that's spent endlessly debating GM crops

was focused

on

those

more

pressing

challenges

for

global

agriculture.

There

are

much

bigger

battles

to

fight.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

2

上作答 。

56. How do environmentalist opponents view GM foods according to the passage?

A. They will eventually ruin agriculture and the environment.

B. They are used by big businesses to monopolize agriculture.

C. They have proved potentially harmful to consumers' health.

D. They pose a tremendous threat to current farming practice.

57. What does the author say is vital to solving the controversy between the two sides of the

debate?

A. Breaking the GM food monopoly.

B. More friendly exchange of ideas.

C. Regulating GM food production.

D. More scientific research on GM crops.

58. What is the main point of the Nature articles?

A. Feeding the growing population makes it imperative to develop GM crops.

B. Popularizing GM technology will help it to live up to its initial promises.

C. Measures should be taken to ensure the safety of GM foods.

D. Both supporters and opponents should make compromises.

59. What is the author's view on the solution to agricultural problems?

A. It has to depend more and more on GM technology.

B. It is vital to the sustainable development of human society.

C. GM crops should be allowed until better alternatives are found.

D. Whatever is useful to boost farming efficiency should be encouraged.

60. What does the author think of the ongoing debate around GM crops?

A. It arises out of ignorance of and prejudice against new science.

B. It distracts the public attention from other key issues of the world.

C. Efforts spent on it should be turned to more urgent issues of agriculture.

D. Neither side is likely to give in until more convincing evidence is found.

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

Early

decision--you

apply

to

one

school,

and

admission

is

binding--seems

like

a

great

choice

for nervous applicants. Schools let in a higher percentage of early-decision applicants, which

arguably means that you have a better chance of getting in. And if you do, you're done with the

whole agonizing process by December. But what most students and parents don't realize is that

schools have hidden motives for offering early decision.

Early decision, since it's binding, allows schools to fill their classes with qualified

students; it allows admissions committees to select the students that are in particular demand

for their college and know those students will come. It also gives schools a higher yield rate,

which is often used as one of the ways to measure college selectivity and popularity.

The problem is that this process effectively shortens the window of time students have to

make

one

of

the

most

important

decisions

of

their

lives

up

to

that

point.

Under

regular

admissions,

seniors have until May 1 to choose which school to attend; early decision effectively steals six

months from them, months that could be used to visit more schools, do more research, speak to

current students and alumni (

校友

) and arguably make a more informed decision.

There are, frankly, an astonishing number of exceptional colleges in America, and for any

given

student,

there

are

a

number

of

schools

that

are

a

great

fit.

When

students

become

too

fixated

(

专注

) on a particular school early in the admissions process, that fixation can lead to severe

disappointment if they don't get in or, if they do, the possibility that they are now bound to

go to a school that, given time forfarther reflection, may not actually be right for them.

Insofar as early decision offers a genuine admissions edge, that advantage goes largely to

students who already have numerous advantages. The students who use early decision tend to be

those who have received higher-quality college guidance, usually a result of coming from a more

privileged background. In this regard, there's an argument against early decision, as students

from lower-income families are far less likely to have the admissions know-how to navigate the

often confusing early deadlines.

Students who have done their research and are confident that there's one school they would

be thrilled to get into should, under the current system, probably apply under early decision.

But

for

students

who

haven't

yet

done

enough

research,

or

who

are

still

constantly

changing

their

minds

on

favorite

schools,

the

early-decision

system

needlessly

and

prematurely

narrows

the

field

of possibility just at a time when students should be opening themselves to a whole range of

thrilling options.

注意：此部分试题请 在答题卡

2

上作答。

61. What are students obliged to do under early decision?

A. Look into a lot of schools before they apply.

B. Attend the school once they are admitted.

C. Think twice before they accept the offer.

D. Consult the current students and alumni.

62. Why do schools offer early decision?

A. To make sure they get qualified students.

B. To avoid competition with other colleges.

C. To provide more opportunities for applicants.

D. To save students the agony of choosing a school.

63. What is said to be the problem with early decision for students?

A. It makes their application process more complicated.

B. It places too high a demand on their research ability.

C. It allows them little time to make informed decisions.

D. It exerts much more psychological pressure on them.

64. Why are some people opposed to early decision?

A. It interferes with students' learning in high school.

B. It is biased against students at ordinary high schools.

C. It causes unnecessary confusion among college applicants.

D. It places students from lower-income families at a disadvantage.

65. What does the author advise college applicants to do?

A. Refrain from competing with students from privileged families.

B. Avoid choosing early decision unless they are fully prepared.

C. Find sufficient information about their favorite schools.

D. Look beyond the few supposedly thrilling options.

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into

English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

2011

年是中国城市化

(urbanization)

进程中的历史性时刻，其城市人口首次超过农村人口。在未来

20

年里，

预计约有

3

．

5

亿农村人口将移居到城市。

如此规 模的城市发展对城市交通来说既是挑战，

也是机遇。

中国政府一 直提倡“以人为本’’的发展理念，强调人们以公交而不是私

V--$$-

出行。它还号召建设“资源

节约和环境友好型”社会 。有了这个明确的目标，中国城市就可以更好地规划其发展，并把大量投资转向

安全、清 洁和经济型交通系统的发展上。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡

2

上作答。

2015

年

6

月大学英语六级考试真题

(

二

)

答案与详解

interest

兴趣

stimulate/satisfy one's curiosity

< p>
激发

/

满足某人的好

奇心

innovate

创新

explore

探索

immense intellectual curiosity

强烈的求知欲

cultivate

培养

Curiosity killed the cat.

好奇害死猫

enthusiasm

热情

intrigue

激起

的兴趣

Part II Listening Comprehension

Section A

1. W: A clever man hides his virtues within himself.

A fool keeps them on his tongue.

M.. You mean I'm saying my own raises. In that case, I'm a fool, a thorough fool.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

C)

【精析】语义理解题。女士 认为智者美不外现，而愚蠢的人才四处炫耀，言语中暗示男士属于后者。男

士回答“你是 说我往自己脸上贴金。这样的话，我就是十足的傻瓜‘。”从男士的语气上可以听出他的不

悦，男士说的是反语。

2. W:

What does the paper say

about the horrible incident that happened this morning on Flight

870 to Hong Kong?

M: It

ended

with

the

arrest

of

the

three hijackers.

They

had

forced

the

plane

to

fly to

Japan,

but all the passengers and crew members landed safely.

O.. What do we learn from the conversation?

C)

< br>【精析】综合理解题。女士问男士报纸上是怎样报

道 飞往香港的

870

次航班上的可怕事件的，男士说

一共抓捕了三个劫机犯，他们试图迫使飞机飞往日本，不过最后乘客和机组人员都安全着陆。由此可知 ，

乘客没有受到伤害。

3. M.. I'd like to transfer mone from checkin account to my savings account.

W.. OK. Give me the numbers of both accounts and some identification, please.

Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?

D)

【精析】场景推断题。男士要将支票账户的钱转存到存款账户，女士是银行 职员，索要男士的账号和身

份证件，因此对话最有可能发生在银行。