2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案(第三套)

2015

年

12

月大学 英语六级考试真题

(

第

3

套

)

Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short

essay based on the should focus on the harm caused by misleading information

arerequired to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

Part

Ⅱ

Listening Comprehension

(30 minutes)

听力音频地址：

/attached /media/20160512/20_3

Section A

Directions:

In

this

section,

you

will

hear

8

short

conversations

and

2

long

the

endof

each

conversation,

one

or

more

questions

will

be

asked

about

what

was

theconversation

and

the

questions

will

be

spoken

only

each

question

there

will

bea

the

pause,

you

must

read

the

four

choices

marked

A),

B),

D),and

decide

which is the best mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet I with a single line

through the centre.

has completely recovered.

went into shock after an operation.

is still in a critical condition.

is getting much better.

ng a breakfast.

g a hotel room.

a train ticket.

a compartment.

borrowers never returned the books to her.

man is the only one who brought her book back.

never expected anyone to return the books to her.

of the books she lent out came back without jackets.

left her work early to get some bargains last Saturday.

attended the supermarket's grand opening ceremony.

drove a full hour before finding a parking space.

failed to get into the supermarket last Saturday.

is bothered by the pain in his neck.

cannot do his report without a computer.

cannot afford to have a coffee break.

feels sorry to have missed the report.

top art students can show their works in the gallery.

gallery space is big enough for the man's paintings.

woman would like to help with the exhibition layout.

man is uncertain how his art works will be received.

woman needs a temporary replacement for her assistant.

man works in the same department as the woman does.

woman will have to stay in hospital for a few days.

man is capable of dealing with difficult people.

was better than the previous one.

distorted the mayor's speech.

exaggerated the city's economic problems.

reflected the opinions of most economists.

Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

inform him of a problem they face.

request him to purchase control desks.

discuss the content of a project report.

ask him to flX the dictating machine.

quote the best price in the market.

manufacture and sell office furniture.

cannot deliver the steel sheets on time.

cannot produce the steel sheets needed.

marking down the trait price.

accepting the penalty clauses.

allowing more time for delivery.

promising better after-sales service.

the customer a ten percent discount.

compensation from the steel suppliers.

the Buying Department to change suppliers.

the contract with the customer.

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

roker.

ist.

atician.

ist.

e computer programming.

n certain natural phenomena.

t global population growth.

e national financial health.

different educational backgrounds.

ng attitudes toward nature.

theory and its applications.

current global economic n B

Directions : In this section, you will hear 3 short the end of each passage, you will

hearsome the passage and the questions will be spoken only youhear a

question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), D ).Then

mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.

Passage One

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

lay great emphasis on hard work.

name 150 star engineers each year.

require high academic degrees.

have people with a very high IQ.

years of job training.

emotional intelligence.

ctive academic qualifications.

on to the advance of science.

interpersonal relationships.

working experience.

ticated equipment.

motivation.

Passage Two

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19.A.A diary.

B.A fairy tale.

C.A history textbook.

D.A biography.

was a sports fan.

loved adventures.

disliked school.

liked hair-raising stories.

age people to undertake adventures.

ize his colorful and unique life stories.

people's environmental awareness.

t people to America's national parks.

Passage Three

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

first infected victim.

B.A coastal village in Africa.

doctor who lust identified it.

D.A river running through the Congo.

exhibit similar symptoms.

can be treated with the same drug.

have almost the same mortality rate.

have both disappeared for good.

inhaling air polluted with the virus.

contacting contaminated body fluids.

drinking water from the Congo River.

eating food grown in Sudan and Zalre.

strains will evolve from the Ebola virus.

ists will eventually fred cures for Ebola.

r Ebola epidemic may erupt sooner or later.

infected, one will become immune to n C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three the passage is read for the

irst time, you should listen carefully for its general the passage is read forthe second

time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have y, when

the passage is read for the third time, you should check what youhave written.

The

ideal

companion

machine

would

not

only

look,

feel,

and

sound

friendly

but

would

also

beprogrammed to behave in an agreeable

26

that make interaction with other

peopleenjoyable

would

be

simulated

as

closely

as

possible,

and

the

machine

would

27

charming,stimulating,

and

informal

conversational

style

would

make

interaction

comfortable, andyet the machine would remain slightly

28

and therefore its first

encounter it might besomewhat hesitant and unassuming, but as it came to know the user it would

progress

to

a

more

29

and

intimate

machine

would

not

be

a

passive

30

but

would

add

its

ownsuggestions,

information,

and

opinions;

it

would

sometimes

31

developing or changing the topicand would have a personality of its own.

The

machine

would

convey

presence:

We

have

all

seen

how

a

computer's

use

of

personal

namesoften

32

people and leads them to treat the machine as if it were almost

features

areeasily

written

into

the

introducing

33

forcefulness

and

humor,

the

machine could bepresented as a vivid and unique character.

Friendships are not made in a day, and the computer would be more acceptable as a friend if it 34

the gradual changes that occur when one person is getting to know an

35

timeit

might also express the kind of affection that stimulates attachment and intimacy.

Part m

Reading Comprehension

(40 minutes)Section A

Directions:

In

this

section,

there

is

a

passage

with

ten

are

required

to

select

one

wordfor

each

blank

from

a

list

of

choices

given

in

a

word

bank

following

the

thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by

a mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line

through the may not use any of the words in thebank more than once.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

As it is, sleep is so undervalued that getting by on fewer hours has become a badge of ,

we

live

in

a

culture

that

36

to

the

late- nighter,

from

24-hour

grocery

stores

to

onlineshopping sites that never 's no surprise, then, that more than half of American adults

don't getthe 7 to 9 hours of shut-eye every night as

37

by sleep experts.

Whether

or

not

we

can

catch

up

on

sleep--on

the

weekend,

say --is

a

hotly

38

topic

amongsleep latest evidence suggests that while it isn't

39 , it might

Liu, theUCLA sleep researcher and professor of medicine, brought

40

sleep-restricted people

into

the

labfor

a

weekend

of

sleep

during

which

they

logged

about

10

hours

per

night,

they

showed

41

in

theability

of

insulin

(

胰岛素

)

to

process

blood

suggests

that

catch-up sleep may undo some

but not all of the damage that sleep

42

causes, which is encouraging, given how many adults

don'tget the hours they need each , Liu isn't

43

to endorse the habit of sleeping less

andmaking up for it later.

Sleeping

pills,

while

helpful

for

some,

are

not

44

an

effective

remedy

either.

sleeping

pillwill

45

one area of the brain, but there's never going to be a perfect sleeping pill, because

youcouldn't really replicate (

复制

) the different chemicals moving in and out of different parts of

the brainto go through the different stages of sleep,

UniversitySleep Center.

atively

cally

d

ation

ements

arily

ated

ption

ended

ses

Section B

Directions:

In

this

section,

you

are

going

to

read

a

passage

with

ten

statements

attached

to

atement contains information given in one of the fy the paragraphfrom

which the information is may choose a paragraph more than paragraph is

marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Climate change may be real, but it's still not easy being green

How do we convince our inner caveman to be greener? We ask some outstanding social scientists.

[A]

The

road

to

climate

hell

is

paved

with

our

good

cians

may

tackle

polluters

whilescientists do battle with carbon the most pervasive problem is less obvious:

ourown get distracted before we can turn down the break our promise

notto

fly

after

hearing

about

a

neighbour's

trip

to

tely,

we

can't

be

bothered

to

changeour ately

for the planet, social science and behavioural economics

may be

able todo that for us.

[B] Despite mournful polar beats and charts showing carbon emissions soaring, most people find

ithard

to

believe

that

global

warming

will

affect

them

polls

by

the

Pew

ResearchCentre

in

Washington,

DC,

found

that

75-80

per

cent

of

participants

regarded

climate

change as animportant respondents ranked it last on a list of priorities.

[C]

This

inconsistency

largely

stems

from

a

feeling

of

powerlessness.

we

can't

actually

removethe

source

of

our

fear,

we

tend

to

adapt

psychologically

by

adopting

a

range

of

defencemechanisms,

says

Tom

Crompton,

change

strategist

for

the

environmental

organisation

WorldWide Fund for Nature.

[

D]

Part

of

the

fault

lies

with

our

inner

ion

has

programmed

humans

to

pay

mostattention to issues that will have an immediate impact.

wedon't

survive

for

the

next

minute,

we're

not

going

to

be

around

in

ten

years'

time,

says

ProfessorElke

Weber

of

the

Centre

for

Research

on

Environmental

Decisions

at

Columbia

University in the Thames were lapping around Big Ben, Londoners would face up to

the

problem

ofemissions

pretty

in

practice,

our

brain

discounts

the

risks--and

benefits-- associatedwith issues that lie some way ahead.

[E]

Matthew

Rushworth,

of

the

Department

of

Experimental

Psychology

at

the

University

of

Oxford,sees this in his lab every day.

is thatthey assign a lower weighting to outcomes that are going to be further away in the future,

hesays.

been very helpful for humans for thousands of years.

[F] Not any the time we wake up to the threat posed by climate change, it could well

betoo

ff

we're

not

going

to

make

rational

decisions

about

the

future,

others

may

have

tohelp us to do so.

[G]

Few

political

libraries

are

without

a

copy

of

Nudge:

Improving

Decisions

About

Health,

Wealthand

Happiness,

by

Richard

Thaler

and

Cass

argue

that

governments

shouldpersuade

us

into

making

better

decisions--such

as

saving

more

in

our

pension

plans--by

changingthe default sor Weber believes that environmental policy can make use of

,

for

example,

building

codes

included

green

construction

guidelines,

most

developerswould be too lazy to challenge them.

[H]

Defaults

are

certainly

part

of

the

social

scientists

are

most

concerned

about

craftingmessages

that

exploit

our

group

mentality

(,~,

~

).

need

to

understand

what

motivatespeople, what it is that allows them to make change,

TyndallCentre for Climate Change Research in Norwich.

ofthem, what their social norms are, what is seen as desirable in society.

caveman is continually looking over his shoulder to see what the rest of the tribe are up to.[ I ] The

passive attitude we have to climate change as individuals can be altered by counting us in--and

measuring us against--our peer group.

Cialdini,

author

of

Influence:

The

Psychology

of

Persuasion.

flock

together,

fishschool

together,

cattle

herd

together...just

perceiving

norms

is

enough

to

cause

people

to

adjusttheir

behaviour in the direction of the crowd.

[J]

These

norms

can

take

us

beyond

good

ni

conducted

a

study

in

San

Diego

inwhich coat hangers bearing messages about saving energy were hung on people's

ofthe

messages

mentioned

the

environment,

some

financial

savings,

others

social

was the ones that mentioned the actions of neighbours that drove down power

use.

[K] Other studies show that simply providing the facility for people to compare their energy use

withthe local average is enough to cause them to modify their Conservatives plan

toadopt this strategy by making utility companies print the average local electricity and gas usage

onpeople's bills.

[L]

Social

science

can

also

teach

politicians

how

to

avoid

our

collective

capacity

for

nmental

campaigns

that

tell

us

how

many

people

drive

SUVs

unwittingly

(

不经意的

)

imply

that

this

behaviour

is

widespread

and

thus

ni

recommends

somecareful

framing

of

the

message.

of

normalising

the

undesirable

behaviour, the messageneeds to marginalise it, for example, by stating that if even one person buys

yet another SUV, itreduces our ability to be energy-independent.

[M]

Tapping

into

how

we

already

see

ourselves

is

most

successful

environmental

strategywill

marry

the

green

message

to

our

own

sense

of

your

average

trade

unionmember,

chances

are

they

will

be

politically

motivated

and

be

used

to

collective

action--muchlike Erica Gregory.A retired member of the Public and Commercial Services Union,

she

is

settingup

one

of

1,i00

action

groups

with

the

support

of

Climate

Solidarity,

a

two-year

environmentalcampaign aimed at trade unionists.

[N]

Erica

is

proof

that

a

great-grandmother

can

help

to

lead

the

revolution

if

you

get

the

psychologyright--in this case, by matching her enthusiasm for the environment with a fondness for

organisinggroups.

think

it's

a

terrific

idea,

she

says

of

the

campaign.

union

backing

it

makesmembers

think

there

must

be

something

in

it.

She

is

expecting

up

to

20

people

at

the

firstmeeting she has called, at her local pub in the Cornish village of Polperro.

[O] Nick Perks, project director for Climate Solidarity, believes this sort of activity is where the

futureof environmental action lies.

effective

way

of

creating

change..,

and

obviously

trade

unions

are

one

of

the

biggest

civil

societynetworks

in

the

UK,

he

says.

The

Love

Food,

Hate

Waste

campaign

entered

into

acollaboration last year with another such network--the Women's er Rachel Taylor

joined

the

campaign

with

the

aim

of

making

new

friends.A

year

on,

the

meetings

have

madelasting changes to what she throws away in her kitchen.

you'redoing

it

with

other

people,

she

says.

motivates

you

more

if

you

know

that

you've

got

toprovide feedback to a group.

[P]The power of such simple psychology in fighting climate change is attracting attention across

thepolitical

the

US,

the

House

of

Representatives

Science

Committee

has

approveda bill allocating $$10 million a year to studying energy- related the UK, new

studiesare

in

development

and

social

scientists

are

regularly

spotted

in

British

government

e help of psychologists, there is fresh hope that we might go green after all.

people find they are powerless to change a situation, they tend to live with it.

be effective, environmental messages should be carefully framed.

is

the

government's

responsibility

to

persuade

people

into

making

environment-friendly

decisions.

cians are beginning to realise the importance of enlisting psychologists' help in fighting

climatechange.

find

effective

solutions

to

climate

change,

it

is

necessary

to

understand

what

motivates

people to make change.

their evolution, humans have learned to pay attention to the most urgent issues instead of

long-term concerns.

study shows that our neighbours' actions are influential in changing our behaviour.

e clear signs of global warming, it is not easy for most people to believe climate change

will affect their own lives.

should take our future into consideration in making decisions concerning climate change

before it is too late.

ng social networks can be more effective in creating change in people's n

C

Directions:

There

are

2

passages

in

this

passage

is

followed

by

some

questions

orunfinished

each

of

them

there

are

four

choices

marked

A),

B),

).You

should

decide

on

the

best

choice

and

mark

the

corresponding

letter

on

AnswerSheet

2

with

a

single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

More

than

a

decade

ago,

cognitive

scientists

John

Bransford

and

Daniel

Schwartz,

both

then

atVanderbilt

University,

found

that

what

distinguished

young

adults

from

children

was

not

the

ability

toretain

facts

or

apply

prior

knowledge

to

a

new

situation

but

a

quality

they

called

a recovery plan to protectbald eagles from extinction. Shockingly, the two groups came up with

plans

of

similar

quality(although

the

college

students

had

better

spelling

skills

).

From

the

standpoint

of

a

traditionaleducator,

this

outcome

indicated

that

schooling

had

failed

to

help

students think about ecosystems andextinction, major scientific ideas.

The researchers decided to go deeper, asked both groups to generate questionsabout

important issues needed to create recovery this task, they found large e

students

focused

on

critical

issues

of

interdependence

between

eagles

and

their

hab/tats

(

栖息

).Fifth graders tended to focus on features of individual eagles (

dothey eat?

had learned how to learn.

Museums and other institutions of informal learning may be better suited to teach this skill than

elementary

and

secondary

the

Exploratorium

in

San

Francisco,

we

recently

studied

howlearning to ask good questions can affect the quality of people's scientific found

that when

we

taught

participants

to

ask

if?

and

can?

questions

that

nobody

present

would

knowthe answer to and that would spark exploration, they engaged in better inquiry at the next

exhibit--asking more questions, performing more experiments and making better interpretations of

their

ically,

their

questions

became

more

comprehensive

at

the

new

than

merely

askingabout

something

they

wanted

to

try,

they

tended

to

include

both

cause

and

effect

in

their

juicy

questions

appears

to

be

a

transferable

skill

for

deepening

collaborative inquiry into thescience content found in exhibits.

This

type

of

learning

is

not

confined

to

museums

or

institutional

al

learningenvironments

tolerate

failure

better

than

s

many

teachers

have

too

little

time to allowstudents to form and pursue their own questions and too much ground to cover in the

ple must acquire this skill society depends on them being able

to make criticaldecisions about their own medical treatment, say, or what we must do about global

energy

needs

that,

we

have

a

robust

informal

learning

system

that

gives

no

grades, takes all comers,and is available even on holidays and weekends.

is

traditional

educators'

interpretation

of

the

research

outcome

mentioned

in

the

first

paragraph ?

ts are not able to apply prior knowledge to new problems.

e students are no better than fifth graders in memorizing facts.

ion has not paid enough attention to major environmental issues.

ion has failed to lead students to think about major scientific ideas.

what way are college students different from children?

have learned to think critically.

are concerned about social issues.

are curious about specific features.

have learned to work independently.

is the benefit of asking questions with no ready answers?

arouses students' interest in things around them.

cultivates students' ability to make scientific inquiries.

trains students' ability to design scientific experiments.

helps students realize not every question has an answer.

is said to be the advantage of informal learning?

allows for failures.

is entertaining.

charges no tuition.

meets practical needs.

does the author seem to encourage educators to do at the end of the passage?

students to think about global issues.

more interactive classroom activities.

full use of informal learning resources.

e collaborative inquiry in the e Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

insurance.

In

an

interview

last

year

with

The

Economist,

George

Whitesides,

chief

executive

ofspace-tourism

fu'm

Virgin

Galactic,

was

placing

his

company

in

the

latter

insurance willbe cold comfort following the failure on October 31st of VSS Enterprise, resulting

in the death of onepilot and the severe injury to another.

On top of the tragic loss of life, the accident in California will cast a long shadow over the future

of space tourism, even before it has properly begun.

The

notion

of

space

tourism

took

hold

in

2001

with

a

$$

20

million

flight

aboard

a

Russianspacecraft

by

Dennis

Tito,

a

millionaire

engineer

with

an

adventurous

haft

a

dozen

holiday- makers

have

reached

orbit

since

then,

for

similarly

astronomical

price

tags.

But

more recently,companies have begun to plan more affordable

just to the edge ofspace's vast Galactic had, prior to this week's accident, seemed

closest

to

startingregular

company

has

already

taken

deposits

from

around

800

would- be space tourists,including Stephen Hawking.

After

being

dogged

by

technical

delays

for

years,

Sir

Richard

Branson,

Virgin

Galactic's

founder,had recently suggested that a SpaceShipTwo craft would carry its first paying customers

as

soon

asFebruary

2015.

That

now

seems

an

impossible

timeline.

In

July,

a

sister

craft

of

the

crashedspaceplane

was

reported

to

be

about

other

half

will

have

to

walt,

as

authorities ofAmerica's Federal Aviation Administration ( National Transportation Safety

Board work out:what went wrong.

In

the

meantime,

the

entire

space

tourism

industry

will

be

on

tenterhooks

(

坐立不安

).The

2004Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act, intended to encourage private space vehicles

andservices,

prohibits

the

transportation

secretary

(and

thereby

the

regulating

the

design oroperation of private spacecraft, unless they have resulted in a serious or fatal injury to

crew means that the FAA could suspend Virgin Galactic's licence to could

also

insiston

checking

private

manned

spacecraft

as

thoroughly

as

it

does

commercial

that may:make suborbital travel safer, it would add significant cost and complexity

to an emerging industry thathas until now operated largely as the playground of billionaires and

dreamy engineers.

How

Virgin

Galactic,

regulators

and

the

public

respond

to

this

most

recent

tragedy

will

determinewhether

and

how soon

private

space

travel

can

transcend

that

is no

doubt that space flight entails risks, and to pioneer a new mode of travel is to face those risks, and

to reduce the benefit of hard-won experience.

is said about the failure of VSS Enterprise?

may lead to the bankruptcy of Virgin Galactic.

has a strong negative impact on space tourism.

may discourage rich people from space travel.

has aroused public attention to safety issues.

do we learn about the space- tourism firm Virgin Galactic?

has just built a craft for commercial flights.

has sent half a dozen passengers into space.

was about ready to start regular business.

is the first to launch

is the purpose of the 2004 Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act?

ensure space travel safety.

limit the FAA's functions.

legalize private space explorations.

promote the space tourism might the FAA do after the recent accident in

California?

more rigid safety standards.

certifying new space-tourist agencies.

its 2004 Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act.

d Virgin Galactic's licence to take passengers into space.

does the author think of private space travel?

is worth promoting despite the risks involved.

should not be confined to the rich only.

should be strictly regulated.

is too risky to carry on.

Part IV

Translation(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate

a passage from Chinese should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

在帮助国际社会于

2030

年前消除极端贫困过程中，中国正扮演着越来越重要的 角色。

自

20

世纪

70

年代未实施改革开放以来，中国已使多达四亿人摆脱 了贫困。在未来五年中，

中国将向其他发展中国家在减少贫困、

发展教育、

农业现代化、

环境保护和医疗保健等方面

中国在减少贫困方面取得了显著进步 ，

并在促进经济增长方面做出了不懈努力，

这将鼓励其

他贫困国家应对自身发展中的挑战。

在寻求具有自身特色的发展道路时，

这些国家可以借鉴

中国的经验。

2015

年

l2

月 大学英语六级考试真题答案与详解

(

第

3

套

)

Part I Writing

审题思路

这是一篇六级考试中常见的 图画作文。本篇话题是

“

误导性信息

”

，题干中明确要求

focus on

the harmcaused by misleading information online

，

所以文章重点应该放 在

harm“

危害

”

< br>这个词上

面。简单描述图片之后，可以从网络信息带给我们的好处过渡到主题词< /p>

misleading

information“

误导性信息

”

，之后重点讨论误导性信息的严重危害 ，内容层层递进。在论述时

可以举例加以佐证。文章最后采用建议式的结尾方式，针对之 前提到的危害提出解决措施。

写作提纲

一、描述图片内容，并介绍图片令人关注的关键信息

(the most striking feature)

三、

提出建议：

采取措施来防止我们被垃圾信息误导，

< br>并提出个人见解

——

学习识别信息的

真实性

(someeffective measures be taken

，

learning to identify the authenticity of information)

范文点评

扩展内容

主题词汇

convenience< /p>

便利性

hinder

阻碍

webpage

网页

violate

< br>违反

spread

传播

regu late

规范

judge

判