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Lesson Two
第二课
Cotton Properties and Uses
棉纤维的特性和用途
A
relatively high level of moisture absorption and
good wicking properties help make
cotton one of the more comfortable
fibers. Because of the hydroxyl groups in the
cellulose, cotton
has
a
high
attraction
for
water.
As
water
enters
the
fiber,
cotton
swells
and
its
cross
section
becomes
more
rounded. The
high
affinity
for
moisture
and
the
ability
to
swell
when
wet
allow
cotton
to
absorb
about
one-fourth
of
its
weight
in
water.
This
means
that
in
hot
weather
perspiration from the body will be
absorbed in cotton fabrics, transported along the
yarns to the
outer surface of the cloth
and evaporated into the air. Thus, the body will
be aided in maintaining
its
temperature.
吸湿性和良好的吸湿排汗性能使棉纤维的一个更舒适的一个
比较高的水平。
因为在纤维素的
羟基基团,棉花对水有很强的吸
引力。当水进入纤维棉,膨胀,其截面变得更圆。水分和膨
胀时湿让棉花吸收水的重量约
四分之一的高亲和力的能力。
这意味着,
在炎热的天气里,
p>
身
体的汗会吸收棉织品,沿运纱布的外表面和蒸发到空气中。因此,
身体会帮助维持其温度。
Unfortunately,
the
hydrophilic
nature
of
cotton
makes
it
susceptible
to
water-borne
stains. Water-
soluble colorants such as those in coffee or grape
juice will penetrate the fiber along
with the water; when the water
evaporates, the colorant is trapped in the fiber.
Perhaps the major
disadvantage to
cotton goods is their tendency to wrinkle and the
difficulty of removing wrinkles.
The
rigidity of cotton fiber
reduces the
ability of
yarns
to resist
wrinkling. When the fibers are
bent
to
a
new
configuration,
the
hydrogen
bonds
which
hold
the
cellulose
chains
together
are
ruptured and the molecules slide in
order to minimize the stress within the fiber. The
hydrogen
bonds reform in the new
positions, so that when the crushing force is
removed the fibers stay in
the new
positions. It is the rupture and reformation of
the hydrogen bonds that helps to maintain
wrinkles, so that cotton goods must be
ironed.
不幸的是,
棉花的亲水性使得它容易受到水渍
。
如在咖啡或葡萄汁的水溶性色素会渗入纤维
随着水;当水分蒸
发,着色剂是困在纤维。也许主要的缺点,棉织品是他们的倾向,皱纹和
去除皱纹的困难
。
棉纤维的刚度降低纱线抗起皱能力。
当纤维弯曲的一种新的配
置,
氢债券
持有的纤维素链在一起破裂和分子滑动以减少纤维中
的应力。
在新的位置的氢键的改革,
所
以当破碎力去除纤维保持在新的位置。
这是氢键,
有助于保持皱
纹的断裂和改革,
使棉织品
要熨。
Cotton is a
moderately strong fiber with good abrasion
resistance and good dimensional
stability. It is resistant to the
acids, alkalies, and organic solvents normally
available to consumers.
But
since
it
is
a
natural
material,
it
is
subject
to
attack
by
insects,
molds
and
fungus.
Most
prominent is the tendency for cotton to
mildew if allowed to remain damp.
棉花是具有
良好的耐磨性和尺寸稳定性好,中等强度的纤维。这是抵抗酸,碱和有机溶剂,
通常提供
给消费者。
但由于它是一种天然物质,它是受攻击的昆虫,霉菌和真菌。
最突出的
是棉花霉烂的倾向,如果允许存在潮湿。
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