日本富士山英文介绍

Fujisan

‘’

Fujisan

’’(

·

ふじさん

)

means Mount Fuji, is the highest mountain in Japan at 3,776.24 m

(12,389 ft). Along with Mount Tate and Mount Haku, it is one of Japan's

(

三霊山

, Sanreizan). An active stratovolcano that last erupted in 1707

–

08, Mount Fuji is just west

of Tokyo, and can be seen from there on a clear day. Mount Fuji's exceptionally symmetrical cone

is a well-known symbol of Japan and it is frequently depicted in art and photographs, as well as

visited by sightseers and climbers.

Name

In

English,

the

mountain

is

known as Mount Fuji. Some sources

refer

to

it

as

and

is

an

incorrect

reading

of

the

characters

used

to

spell

the

mountain

itself.

Japanese

speakers

refer

to

the

mountain

as

This

suffix is not the honorific used with

people's

names,

such

as

Watanabe- san,

but

rather

the

On'yomi

reading

of

the

character

山

yama (means mountain in English) used in compounds.

語源

富士山は、古文献では不二山もしくは不尽山と表記される。

「不二」は「日本最高峰の 並ぶものの無

い」の意とされる。他に布士や布自の字を当てている書籍もあった。

また、

『竹取物語』の最後の章では、か ぐや姫から不老不死の薬を授けられた帝が、家臣に命じて不老不

死の薬を、駿河国にあ る天に一番近い日本で一番高い山の山頂で焼くという描写があり、結びは「つわ

もの（ 兵士）らを大勢連れて山へ登った事から、その山を”

富士の 山（士に富む山）

”と名付けた」と

なっている。

「フジ」

という長い山の斜面をあらわす大和言葉 から転じて富士山と称されたという説もある。

また

この説は有 力視されている。

近代後の語源説としては、宣教師バチェラ ーは、名前は「火を噴く山」を意味するアイヌ語の「フ

ンチヌプリ」に由来するとの説 を提示した。しかし、これは囲炉裏の中に鎮座する火の姥神を表す「ア

ペフチカムイ」 からきた誤解であるとの反論がある（フチ＝フンチは「火」ではなく「老婆」の意味）

。

その他の語源説として、マレー語説

?

マオリ語説

?

原ポリネシア語説などがある。

Etymology

The current

‘’

kanji

’’

for Mount Fuji,

富

and

士

, mean 'wealth' or 'abundant' and 'a man with

a certain status' respectively. However, these characters are probably

‘’

ateji

< br>’’

, meaning that the

characters were likely selected because their pronunciations match the syllables of the name but

do not carry a particular meaning.

The origin of the name Fuji is unclear. A text of the 10th century Tale of the Bamboo Cutter

says that the name came from

不死

, fushi, fuji) and also from the image of abundant

(

富

, fu) soldiers (

士

, shi, ji) ascending the slopes of the mountain. An early folk etymology claims

that Fuji came from

不二

(not + two), meaning without equal or nonpareil. Another claims that

it came from

不尽

(not + exhaust), meaning neverending. A Japanese classical scholar in the Edo

era, Hirata Atsutane speculated that the name is from a word meaning

shapely as an ear (ho) of a rice plant

–

1944) argued

that the name is from the Ainu word for 'fire' (fuchi) of the fire deity (Kamui Fuchi), which was

denied

by

a

Japanese

linguist

Kyōsuke

Kindaichi

(1882–

1971)

on

the

grounds

of

phonetic

development (sound change). It is also pointed out that huchi means an 'old woman' and ape is

the word for 'fire', ape huchi kamuy being the fire deity. Research on the distribution of place

names that include fuji as a part also suggest the origin of the word fuji is in the Yamato language

rather than Ainu. A Japanese toponymist Kanji Kagami argued that the name has the same root

as 'wisteria' (fuji) and 'rainbow' (niji, but with an alternative word fuji), and came from its

well-shaped slope

Variations

Fuji-san is often referred to in Western texts as Fujiyama or, redundantly, Mount Fujiyama.

In Nihon- shiki and Kunrei-shiki romanization, the name is transliterated as Huzi. Other Japanese

names

for

Mount

Fuji, which

have

become

obsolete

or

poetic,

include

Fuji-no-Yama

(

ふじの山

,

the

Mountain

of

Fuji),

Fuji-no-Takane

(

ふじの高嶺

,

the

High

Peak

of

Fuji),

Fuy

ō

-h

ō

(

芙蓉峰

,

the

Lotus Peak), and Fugaku (

富岳

or

富嶽

, the first character of

富士

, Fuji, and

岳

, mountain).

History

Mount Fuji is an attractive volcanic cone and a frequent subject of Japanese art. Among the

most

renowned

works

are

Hokusai's

36

Views

of

Mount

Fuji

and

his

One

Hundred

Views

of

Mount

Fuji.

The

mountain

is

mentioned

in

Japanese

literature

throughout

the

ages

and

is

the

subject of many poems.

It is thought that the first ascent was in 663 by an anonymous monk. The summit has been

thought of as sacred since ancient times and was forbidden to women until the Meiji Era. Ancient

samurai used the base of the mountain as a remote training area, near the present day town of

Gotemba. The shogun Minamoto no Yoritomo held yabusame in the area in the early Kamakura

period.

The first ascent by a foreigner was by Sir Rutherford Alcock in September 1860, from the foot

of

the

mountain

to

the

top

in

eight

hours

and

three

hours

for

the

descent.427

Alcock's

brief

narrative

in

The

Capital

of

the

Tycoon

was

the

first

widely

disseminated

description

of

the

mountain in the West.421-7 Lady Fanny Parkes, the wife of British ambassador Sir Harry Parkes,

was

the

first

non- Japanese

woman

to

ascend

Mount

Fuji

in

1867.

Photographer

Felix

Beato

climbed Mount Fuji in that same year.

Today, Mount Fuji is an international destination for tourism and mountain-climbing. In the

early

20th

century,

populist

educator

Frederick

Starr's

Chautauqua

lectures

about

his

several

ascents

of

Mount

Fuji

—

1913,

1919,

and

1923

—

were

widely

known

in

America.

A

well- known

Japanese saying suggests that anybody would be a fool not to climb Mount Fuji once

—

but a fool

to

do

so

twice.

It

remains

a

popular

meme

in

Japanese

culture,

including

making

numerous

movie appearances, inspiring the Infiniti logo, and even appearing in medicine with the Mount

Fuji sign.

In September 2004, the manned weather station at the summit was closed after 72 years in

operation.

Observers

monitored

radar

sweeps

that

detected

typhoons

and

heavy

rains.

The

station,

which

was

the

highest

in

Japan

at

3,780

metres

(12,400

ft),

was

replaced

by

a

fully-automated meteorological system. As of 2006, the Japan Self-Defense Forces and the United