-
长难句分析
第一部分
单句分析
1
、
长难句拆分原则：
把主句和从句拆分出来，
把主干部分和修饰部分拆分出来。
2
、
五个拆分信号：
①
连词：并列句的并列连词
and
，
or
，
but
，
yet
，<
/p>
for
；从句的从属连词
which
，
that
，
wh
en
，
if
等。
②
介词：引导介词短语，充当修饰语。
③
不定式符号
to
：引导不定式做主语、宾语、表语、状语、定语和补语。
④
分词：过去分词和现在分词充当修
饰语。
⑤
标点符号：或显或隐隔离主干
——
<
/p>
两个逗号或破折号形成插入语、破折号解释说明、分号两句并列。
插入语
插
入语通常是说话者对所表达意思的一种补充、
强调、
解释或者是
说话人的一种态度。
它的
位置比较灵
活，
常常会用逗号或者破折号和其他部分隔开，
但是在语法上不
会影响其他成分。
例
1 _____the more expensive
the camera
，
the
better its quality.
A.
General speaking
B. Speaking general
C. Generally speaking
D. Speaking
generally
小结：许多分词短语可以用作插入语，
这样的分词短语有：
strictly
speaking
（严格地说）
，
generally considering
（一般认为）<
/p>
，
judging from……
（根据
……
判断）等。
例
2 Two
middle-aged passengers fell into the sea.
____
，
neither of them could
swim.
A. In fact B. Luckily
C. Unfortunately D. Naturally
< br>小结：常用作插入语的副词或副词短语有：
indeed
（的确）
，
surely
（无疑）
，
frankly
（坦
率地说）
，
obviously
（
显然）
，
naturally
（天然地
）
，
luckily for sb.
（算某人幸运）
，
fortunately
（幸好）
，
briefly
（简单
地说）等。
例
3 Your performance in the
driving test didn.t reach the required standard
，
_____
，
you
failed.
A. in the end
B. after all
C. in other words
D.
at the same time
小结：常用作插入语的介词短语有：
in
conclusion
（总之）
，
in
a word
（简而言之）
，
in
short
（简而言之）
，
in
general
（一般说来）
，
in
a
sense
（在某种意义上）
，
in
my view
（在我看
来）
，
in his opinion
（按照他的看法）
，
in
fact
（事实上）
，
at
first
（首先）
，
in addition
（此
外）
，
of course
（
< br>当然）
，
to my surprise
（
使我惊奇的）
，
to
her
regret
（使她遗憾的）
，
for
example
（例如）等。
例
4 It is so nice to hear
from her. _____
，
we last met
more than thirty years ago.
A. What.s more
B. That is to say
C. In other words
D. Believe it
or not
小结：
用简短的句子
结构作插入语，
它们常置于句中或句末。
这类简短的句子有：<
/p>
I am
sure
（我可以肯定地说）
，
I
believe
（我相信）
，
do
you
know
（你知道吗）
，
you
see
（你明白）
，
I.m
afraid
（恐怕）
，
it is
said
（据说）
，
I suppos
e
（我想）
，
what.s
more
（而且）
，
what.s
worse
（更糟糕的是）
，
that
is
（也就是说）
，
what is
important
（重要的是）等。
（
2009
）
While few craftsmen or farmers, let
alone dependents and servants, left literary
compositions to be
analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less
fully intellectualized.
(
插入结构
)
例句：
Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft
chairman without a single earned university
degree, is
by
his
success
raising
new
doubts
about
the
worth
of
the
business
world.s
favorite
academic title: the
MBA (Master of Business
Administration).
3.
五步拆分步骤：
①
隔离插入成分，寻找特殊标点
②
寻找连词，确定句子种类
——
并列句，主从句；
③
寻找句中的动词或动词结构
④
确定整句框架
——
标出主句主干部分及从属连词；
⑤
确定从句框架
——
标出从句主谓部分；
**
⑥
分別翻译
—
—
主从句分别进行翻译；
**
⑦
词句推敲
——<
/p>
中文语言进行表述。
注：
**
部分为翻译要求步骤。
(2001.74 ) But that,
Pearson points out, is only the start of man-
machine integration:
be
the
beginning
of
the
long
process
of
integration
that
will
ultimately
lead
to
a
fully
electronic human
before the end of the next century.
(1994Text1)
Private
businessmen,
striving
to
make
profits,
produce
these
goods
and
services
in
competition
with
other
businessmen;
and
the
profit
motive,
operating
under
competitive pressures,
argely determines how these goods and services are
produced.
(33words)
(2007T
ext3) Even
demographics are working against the middle class
family, as the odds
of having a weak
elderly parent
—
and all the
attendant need for physical and financial
assistance
—
have
jumped eightfold in just one generation.
并列句
(1999.75 ) It applies equally to
traditional historians who view history as only
the external
and internal criticism of
sources, and to social science historians who
equate their activity
with specific
techniques.
(1999.74) There
is no agreement whether methodology refers to the
concepts peculiar to
historical
work
in
general
or
to
the
research
techniques
appropriate
to
the
various
branches of historical inquiry.
(2000)
Owing
to
the
remarkable
development
in
mass
communications
，
people
everywhere are
feeling new wants and are being exposed to new
customs and ideas
，
while
governments are often forced to introduce still
further innovations for the reasons
given above.
名词性从句：
(2005T
extl)Whether
such
a
sense
of
fairness
evolved
independently
in
monkeys
and
humans, or whether it stems from the
common ancestor that the species had 35 million
years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered
question.
(2011
）
For
years
executives
and
headhunters
have
adhered
to
the
rule
that
the
most
attractive CEO candidates are the ones
who must be poached.
(1995.72) How well the predictions will
be validated by later performance depends upon
the amount, reliability, and
appropriateness of the information used and on the
skill and
wisdom with which it is
interpreted.